Question 1

Which of these statements is true about xylem and/or phloem?

Accepted Answer

A) Xylem and phloem cells are derived from the ground meristem cells. 
B) Xylem is made of companion cells and vessel elements. 
C) Xylem and phloem cells are derived from procambium cells. 
D) Phloem cells do not contain cytoplasm. 
E) All of these statements are correct. 
A) Xylem and phloem cells are derived from the ground meristem cells. 
B) Xylem is made of companion cells and vessel elements. 
C) Xylem and phloem cells are derived from procambium cells. 
D) Phloem cells do not contain cytoplasm. 
E) All of these statements are correct. C

Question 2

What is the advantage of having small,needlelike leaves?

Accepted Answer

A) increase in transpiration rate 
B) decrease in transpiration rate 
C) increased efficiency of light capture 
D) decreased efficiency of light capture 
E) better protection against insects and herbivores 
A) increase in transpiration rate 
B) decrease in transpiration rate 
C) increased efficiency of light capture 
D) decreased efficiency of light capture 
E) better protection against insects and herbivores B

Question 3

Explain why it is possible for big old hollow trees to live and grow for many years,still producing green leaves.

Accepted Answer

The center of a tree has accumulated many secondary compounds and is no longer active in transport of water and sugars.Only the outermost wood and innermost bark are still transporting water and sugars.

Question 4

Which type of modified stems are typical of plants that historically have needed to protect themselves from mammalian herbivores?

Accepted Answer

A) blades 
B) tubers 
C) stolons 
D) thorns 
E) rhizomes 
A) blades 
B) tubers 
C) stolons 
D) thorns 
E) rhizomes

Question 5

Which of these statements is not true about plant sclerenchyma cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Unlike collenchyma cells,their secondary cell walls do not expand. 
B) They can be classified as sclereids or fibers. 
C) Their cell walls contain lignin in addition to cellulose. 
D) They are the main support and water-transport cells in woody plants. 
E) Like parenchyma and collenchyma,they all contain cytoplasm at maturity. 
A) Unlike collenchyma cells,their secondary cell walls do not expand. 
B) They can be classified as sclereids or fibers. 
C) Their cell walls contain lignin in addition to cellulose. 
D) They are the main support and water-transport cells in woody plants. 
E) Like parenchyma and collenchyma,they all contain cytoplasm at maturity.

Question 6

What is true about plant meristematic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They are distributed evenly in all tissues throughout the plant. 
B) They are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells. 
C) They increase the surface area of dermal tissue by developing root hairs. 
D) They subdivide into three distinct cell types named parenchyma,ground meristem,and procambium. 
E) They give rise to protoderm,which is involved in photosynthesis. 
A) They are distributed evenly in all tissues throughout the plant. 
B) They are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells. 
C) They increase the surface area of dermal tissue by developing root hairs. 
D) They subdivide into three distinct cell types named parenchyma,ground meristem,and procambium. 
E) They give rise to protoderm,which is involved in photosynthesis.

Question 7

Canada thistle is a dicot that spreads via growth from lateral roots.You want to use a root miner insect for weed control.What would you need to observe to verify that this weed spreads via lateral roots and not by underground stems?

Accepted Answer

A) an epidermis at the periphery 
B) vascular bundles in a ring around the outside of a cross section 
C) a vascular bundle in the center surrounded by parenchyma tissue 
D) meristematic tissue at the tips of the branches 
A) an epidermis at the periphery 
B) vascular bundles in a ring around the outside of a cross section 
C) a vascular bundle in the center surrounded by parenchyma tissue 
D) meristematic tissue at the tips of the branches

Question 8

Which of these structure-function pairs is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) stomata-regulate gas exchange 
B) trichomes-reflect light to reduce surface temperature 
C) cuticle-layer of cells where light reactions occur 
D) guard cells-control stomatal pore size 
A) stomata-regulate gas exchange 
B) trichomes-reflect light to reduce surface temperature 
C) cuticle-layer of cells where light reactions occur 
D) guard cells-control stomatal pore size

Question 9

The veins of leaves are _____.

Accepted Answer

A) composed of xylem and phloem 
B) continuous with vascular bundles in the stem and roots 
C) finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells 
D) all of the above 
A) composed of xylem and phloem 
B) continuous with vascular bundles in the stem and roots 
C) finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells 
D) all of the above

Question 10

What part of the root is responsible for water and nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

A) root cap 
B) mucigel 
C) zone of cellular division 
D) trichomes 
E) zone of cellular maturation 
A) root cap 
B) mucigel 
C) zone of cellular division 
D) trichomes 
E) zone of cellular maturation

Question 11

Growth and development of plant parts involves _____.

Accepted Answer

A) cell division to produce new cells 
B) enlargement and elongation of cells 
C) specialization of cells into tissues 
D) all of the above 
A) cell division to produce new cells 
B) enlargement and elongation of cells 
C) specialization of cells into tissues 
D) all of the above

Question 12

Why are definite and distinct root and shoot systems uncommon in aquatic algae,but present in most land plants?

Accepted Answer

A) The earliest plants had a sprawling growth form. 
B) Aquatic algae cannot grow more than a couple of centimeters in height. 
C) Land plants need to be anchored to the ground,whereas aquatic algae do not. 
D) Land plants cannot exchange gases with their environment as easily as aquatic algae. 
E) Aquatic algae obtain most inputs for photosynthesis directly from the water that surrounds them. 
A) The earliest plants had a sprawling growth form. 
B) Aquatic algae cannot grow more than a couple of centimeters in height. 
C) Land plants need to be anchored to the ground,whereas aquatic algae do not. 
D) Land plants cannot exchange gases with their environment as easily as aquatic algae. 
E) Aquatic algae obtain most inputs for photosynthesis directly from the water that surrounds them.

Question 13

What is present in a shoot apical meristem region?

Accepted Answer

A) the region of cell division 
B) immature buds and leaves 
C) give rise to the protoderm,ground meristem,and procambium 
D) all of the above 
A) the region of cell division 
B) immature buds and leaves 
C) give rise to the protoderm,ground meristem,and procambium 
D) all of the above

Question 14

Which of the following cannot grow indeterminately?

Accepted Answer

A) shoots 
B) adventitious roots 
C) stems 
D) leaves 
E) none of the above 
A) shoots 
B) adventitious roots 
C) stems 
D) leaves 
E) none of the above

Question 15

Wood is an accumulation of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) primary xylem 
B) secondary xylem 
C) vascular bundles 
D) primary phloem 
E) secondary phloem 
A) primary xylem 
B) secondary xylem 
C) vascular bundles 
D) primary phloem 
E) secondary phloem

Question 16

Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree?

Accepted Answer

A) nowhere;trees have only secondary growth 
B) closest to ground level at the base of the tree 
C) in young branches where leaves are forming 
D) where the vascular cambium and cork cambium are 
A) nowhere;trees have only secondary growth 
B) closest to ground level at the base of the tree 
C) in young branches where leaves are forming 
D) where the vascular cambium and cork cambium are

Question 17

Two lateral meristems in plants are _____.

Accepted Answer

A) vascular cambium,producing cork;cork cambium,producing secondary phloem 
B) vascular cambium,producing secondary xylem;cork cambium,producing secondary phloem 
C) vascular cambium,producing secondary xylem;cork cambium,producing cork 
D) vascular cambium,producing secondary phloem;cork cambium,producing secondary xylem 
A) vascular cambium,producing cork;cork cambium,producing secondary phloem 
B) vascular cambium,producing secondary xylem;cork cambium,producing secondary phloem 
C) vascular cambium,producing secondary xylem;cork cambium,producing cork 
D) vascular cambium,producing secondary phloem;cork cambium,producing secondary xylem

Question 18

Some of the largest leaves in the world can be found on plants in dense tropical rain forests.Which of the following is an input of one of the sets of photosynthetic reactions that is most likely limited in the habitat of these plants with large leaves?

Accepted Answer

A) O₂ 
B) CO₂ 
C) water 
D) carbohydrate (e.g. ,glucose) 
E) light 
A) O₂ 
B) CO₂ 
C) water 
D) carbohydrate (e.g. ,glucose) 
E) light

Question 19

Which of these actions describes secondary growth?

Accepted Answer

A) growth in height 
B) development of leaves and flowers 
C) growth of herbaceous tissue 
D) development of wood and bark 
E) development of fruit 
A) growth in height 
B) development of leaves and flowers 
C) growth of herbaceous tissue 
D) development of wood and bark 
E) development of fruit

Question 20

In an annual ring,the first-formed cells in the spring are large;the ring looks light because you are seeing open cavities of the tracheids (and vessel elements).The darker part of the annual ring is wood formed in the summer,and the diameter of the cells formed is smaller.Which kind of wood is probably stronger? Why? Where is the fall and winter wood?

Accepted Answer

Summer wood is probably strong

Exam 36: Plant Form and Function

Which of these statements is true about xylem and/or phloem?

What is the advantage of having small,needlelike leaves?

Explain why it is possible for big old hollow trees to live and grow for many years,still producing green leaves.

Which type of modified stems are typical of plants that historically have needed to protect themselves from mammalian herbivores?

Which of these statements is not true about plant sclerenchyma cells?

What is true about plant meristematic cells?

Canada thistle is a dicot that spreads via growth from lateral roots.You want to use a root miner insect for weed control.What would you need to observe to verify that this weed spreads via lateral roots and not by underground stems?

Which of these structure-function pairs is incorrect?

The veins of leaves are _____.

What part of the root is responsible for water and nutrient absorption?

Growth and development of plant parts involves _____.

Why are definite and distinct root and shoot systems uncommon in aquatic algae,but present in most land plants?

What is present in a shoot apical meristem region?

Which of the following cannot grow indeterminately?

Wood is an accumulation of _____.

Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree?

Two lateral meristems in plants are _____.

Some of the largest leaves in the world can be found on plants in dense tropical rain forests.Which of the following is an input of one of the sets of photosynthetic reactions that is most likely limited in the habitat of these plants with large leaves?

Which of these actions describes secondary growth?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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