Exam 53: Community Ecology

Figure 53.2 -What is the term used to describe the process shown in the panels in Figure 53.2,assuming Time 2 follows Time 1?

What is the main advantage of controlled burnings of forested areas?

During succession,tall canopies of maple trees form allowing chipmunks to be better hidden against hawks.This is an example of _____.

A measure of how much a community is affected by a disturbance is termed _____.

Which are the only two interaction types to depend on density and effective defense to determine the short-term impact?

Figure 53.1 -According to Figure 53.1,which species is more successful in competing for seeds?

Some birds follow moving swarms of army ants in the tropics.As the ants march along the forest floor hunting insects and small vertebrates,birds follow and pick off any insects or small vertebrates that fly or jump out of the way of the ants.This is an example of what kind of species interaction?

Which one of the following animals would most likely be defined as a keystone species?

The competitive exclusion principle states that _____.

Figure 53.7 -What does the graph in Figure 53.7 tell you about the definition of a keystone species?

Figure 53.6 -Treehoppers (a type of insect)produce honeydew,which ants use for food.Treehoppers have a major predator,the jumping spider.Researchers hypothesized that the ants would protect the treehoppers from the spiders.In an experiment,researchers followed study plots with ants removed from the system and compared them to a control plot.In Figure 53.6,what can you conclude?

Bouchard and Brooks studied the effect of insect flight on dispersal and speciation in rain forest insects.They sampled all of the insects in the study area and found that 60 insect species are flightless and 19 are macropterous (able to fly).After analyzing the results of the Bouchard and Brooks (2004)study,you conclude that macropterous and flightless insects in the rain forests of northeastern Australia have dispersed and speciated in similar manners.What does this say about flight in these insects?

In biology,an arms race occurs when _____.

Figure 53.9 -In Figure 53.9,which community has the highest species diversity?

Figure 53.4 -What conclusion can you draw from Figure 53.4?

What is the main difference between asymmetric competition and symmetric competition?

Figure 53.1 -In looking at Figure 53.1,what conclusions can be drawn?

Figure 53.7 -Recall that Clements's view of biological communities is that of a highly predictable and interrelated structure,while Gleason's view of biological communities is that individual species operate independently.If we set up many identical sterilized ponds in the same area and allowed them to be colonized,what should we predict if Gleason's hypothesis is the one we believe is correct?

Figure 53.5 -In Figure 53.5,which individuals are displaying Batesian mimicry?

Snails typically avoid sunlit areas,but some snails infected with certain parasites become attracted to light and prefer sunlit areas.Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis given the life cycles of many parasites?