Exam 48: Animal Reproduction

What is a difference between a viviparous and an ovoviviparous species?

What makes sexually reproduced offspring genetically different from their parents?

Which of the following is not an example of asexual reproduction?

By what mechanism does a second male mating with a female gain an advantage in sperm competition in some insects?

Why does external fertilization typically occur much more often in aquatic animals than in terrestrial animals?

Which of the following statements support the hypothesis that the onset of puberty is related to nutritional state?

Fertilization of the egg takes place in the _____.

Which of the following structures in females is analogous in function to the vas deferens in males?

During oogenesis meiosis results in four equally sized cells that stop dividing in meiosis I.

How does the Pill work to prevent pregnancy?

What are the primary functions of gonadal steroids in humans?

Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to their parent.What type of cell division occurs to generate this type of offspring?

Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s). For your internship at the local zoo,you have been assigned to help with the new orangutan-breeding program.Little is known about orangutan reproductive hormones,but hormone feedback cycles are often the same in closely related animals.You have been asked to use your knowledge of the interactions of human reproductive hormones to recommend injections to promote ovulation in a female orangutan when a visiting male arrives for a brief breeding visit. -Refer to the paragraph on the orangutan breeding program.Which of the following hormones would you use if you want to induce ovulation in a few days?

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than in the lining of the uterus.Usually it implants in the oviduct.Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for such a pregnancy being unsuccessful?

Secretions from which part of the male reproductive anatomy in humans produces molecules that stimulate smooth muscle contractions in the uterus of females?

Aquatic animals that rely on external fertilization for reproduction have a low probability of successful fertilization.Which one of the following is not used by aquatic animals to increase the success of external fertilization?

A physician finds that a 9-year-old male patient is entering precocial puberty.What is a potential cause for such a condition?

Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s). Estrogens found in the environment have raised concerns about effects on reproductive health of animals.Researchers studied the effects that estrogens in the water have on sexual differentiation in zebrafish.They exposed embryo-larval (0-21 days post-hatching),juvenile (21-42 days post-hatching),and adult (over 200 days post-hatching)fish to three concentrations of 17β-estradiol (5,25,and 100 nanograms/liter)that are within the range of concentrations found in water leaving sewage treatment plants in different countries.They then examined the proportion of males and females when the fish exposed at embryo-larval and juvenile stages reached adulthood.Embryo-larval stage fish that had been exposed to 100 ng/l 17β-estradiol resulted in adult populations that had substantially more females than males compared to control groups.Embryo-larval fish that had been exposed to 5 and 25 ng/l of 17β-estradiol did not show a statistically significant shift in the proportion of females.(Brion,F. ,C.R.Tyler,X.Palazzi,B.Laillet,J.M.Porcher,J.Garric,and P.Flammarion.2004.Impacts of 17β-estradiol,including environmentally relevant concentrations,on reproduction after exposure during embryo-larval-,juvenile-,and adult-life stages in zebrafish (Danio rerio).Aquatic Toxicology 68:193-217. ) -Refer to the paragraph on the effects of estrogens in the environment.What is the significance of using the concentrations of 5,25,and 100 ng/l of 17β-estradiol for the dose in this experiment?

Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s). For your internship at the local zoo,you have been assigned to help with the new orangutan-breeding program.Little is known about orangutan reproductive hormones,but hormone feedback cycles are often the same in closely related animals.You have been asked to use your knowledge of the interactions of human reproductive hormones to recommend injections to promote ovulation in a female orangutan when a visiting male arrives for a brief breeding visit. -Refer to the paragraph on the orangutan breeding program.Which of the following hormones would you use if you want to induce ovulation right away?

On a submarine expedition to the ocean bottom,you discover a population of fish that are only female.What type of reproduction does this fish use?