Exam 47: Chemical Signals in Animals

People with type II diabetes mellitus have defective insulin receptors that cannot respond to insulin properly.Relative to normal individuals,what would be the effect on blood glucose levels of chronic stress that kept blood cortisol levels high?

The regulation of blood sugar levels and our stress responses are controlled in part by a negative feedback loop involving cortisol,ACTH,and CRH.What would likely be the result during times of stress if cortisol receptors in the hypothalamus were nonfunctional?

Predict the effects of a drug that increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)synthesis.

You are dissecting a fish in your biology laboratory section.Your teaching assistant points out a long oval structure and tells you it is an endocrine gland.Which of the following would you then know is a true statement about this structure?

Which of the following best describes the neuroendocrine-to-endocrine pathway of hormone action?

Osteoporosis is a condition in which the density of bones is decreased so much that the individual is at a higher risk of fractures.The more calcium in the bones,the better the bone density.Which of the following would have the greatest effect on calcium levels in the bones?

Removing which of the following glands would have the most wide-reaching effect on bodily functions of an adult human?

Patients diagnosed with hypercortisolism may have tumors that secrete _____.

Signal transduction occurs when a chemical message at the cell surface elicits a response inside the cell.Which one of the following events is not associated with signal transduction?

Polypeptides can have which of the following types of effects?

What property of the steroid hormones allows them to cross the phospholipid bilayer?

Which of the following hormone does not act via a second messenger system?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between the hypothalamus (H)and the anterior (AP)and posterior (PP)lobes of the pituitary?

Glucocorticoids do which of the following?

Which of the following hormones does not act using a second messenger system?

When a person drinks alcohol the rate of urination increases.This suggests that antidiuretic hormone (ADH)may be affected by alcohol consumption in some way.Which of the following could account for the increase in urination?

If a biochemist discovers a new molecule,which of the following pieces of data would allow her to draw the conclusion that the molecule is a steroid hormone?

You have three strains of mice: A,B,and C.You experimentally manipulate each strain and find that all three show increased secretion of molecule X.Now you perform a parabiosis experiment with the three combinations of these mice: AB,AC,and BC.You perform the same experimental manipulation as above on one mouse of each pair without directly affecting the other mouse and look for effects on the other mouse.You find no detectable effect on the unmanipulated partner in any of the combinations.What is the logical conclusion based on these results?

How are small amounts of hormones amplified?

Which of the following is similar in structure to cholesterol?