Question 1

Figure 55.5  
-According to Figure 55.5,what is occurring after 1985?

Accepted Answer

A) The population is increasing exponentially. 
B) The population is increasing. 
C) The population growth rate is increasing. 
D) The sheep are beginning to adapt to the resources available. 
A) The population is increasing exponentially. 
B) The population is increasing. 
C) The population growth rate is increasing. 
D) The sheep are beginning to adapt to the resources available. C

Question 2

Figure 55.1  
-According to Figure 55.1,which of the following explains why the red panda is an important species to preserve?

Accepted Answer

A) Red pandas are a symbol of conservation efforts. 
B) Red pandas live in areas that are critically endangered. 
C) Seals are more important to preserve than the red panda because the ocean environment is critically endangered. 
D) Phylogenetically distinct species are high-priority species to target for conservation. 
E) All species on the tree are important to preserve. 
A) Red pandas are a symbol of conservation efforts. 
B) Red pandas live in areas that are critically endangered. 
C) Seals are more important to preserve than the red panda because the ocean environment is critically endangered. 
D) Phylogenetically distinct species are high-priority species to target for conservation. 
E) All species on the tree are important to preserve. D

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding species diversity is false?

Accepted Answer

A) More than 99 percent of the species known to science are now extinct. 
B) As much as 20 percent of the world's biodiversity will be lost during the next 50 years. 
C) Through agriculture,humans have actually increased the number of plant species. 
D) About 85 mammal species and 113 species of birds have become extinct in the last 400 years. 
A) More than 99 percent of the species known to science are now extinct. 
B) As much as 20 percent of the world's biodiversity will be lost during the next 50 years. 
C) Through agriculture,humans have actually increased the number of plant species. 
D) About 85 mammal species and 113 species of birds have become extinct in the last 400 years. C

Question 4

What is the main purpose of the wildlife corridor?

Accepted Answer

A) to slow down the introduction of new individuals of a species 
B) to slowly introduce a species to a new preserve 
C) to facilitate the transfer of individuals back and forth between populations 
D) to connect two otherwise isolated populations 
A) to slow down the introduction of new individuals of a species 
B) to slowly introduce a species to a new preserve 
C) to facilitate the transfer of individuals back and forth between populations 
D) to connect two otherwise isolated populations

Question 5

Erwin and Scott used an insecticidal fog to knock down insects from the top of a L.seemannii tree.The researchers identified over 900 species of beetles among the individuals that fell.Erwin also projected that this entire tree is host to about 600 specialist arthropods.There are approximately 50,000 species of tropical trees.Although it could not be entirely accurate,what would be the best way to estimate the total number of arthropod species?

Accepted Answer

A) Estimate the species density and then multiply by 50,000. 
B) Multiply 900 by 50,000. 
C) Multiply 600 by 50,000. 
D) Divide 900 by 600 and then multiply by 50,000. 
A) Estimate the species density and then multiply by 50,000. 
B) Multiply 900 by 50,000. 
C) Multiply 600 by 50,000. 
D) Divide 900 by 600 and then multiply by 50,000.

Question 6

Ecosystems services include processes that increase the quality of the abiotic environment.Which of the following processes would not fall under this category?

Accepted Answer

A) Keystone predators have a marked effect on species diversity. 
B) Green plants produce the oxygen we breathe. 
C) The presence of land plants builds soil. 
D) The presence of diverse wetlands helps in flood control. 
E) The presence of a watershed prevents the removal of nutrients from an ecosystem 
A) Keystone predators have a marked effect on species diversity. 
B) Green plants produce the oxygen we breathe. 
C) The presence of land plants builds soil. 
D) The presence of diverse wetlands helps in flood control. 
E) The presence of a watershed prevents the removal of nutrients from an ecosystem

Question 7

While traveling in the Alps,you come across a butterfly that you cannot identify.You quickly find out that it is a new species.Which of the following is not a step in studying biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

A) naming and describing the species 
B) measuring general physiology of the species 
C) looking at what other species are related to the new species 
D) assessing the species geographic range 
E) understanding the species ecological requirements 
A) naming and describing the species 
B) measuring general physiology of the species 
C) looking at what other species are related to the new species 
D) assessing the species geographic range 
E) understanding the species ecological requirements

Question 8

Figure 55.7  
-In looking at the species-area plot in Figure 55.7,what can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

A) Number of bird species increases linearly with island area. 
B) Number of bird species is different on various islands. 
C) Diversity is independent from island area. 
D) Number of bird species increases exponentially with island area. 
A) Number of bird species increases linearly with island area. 
B) Number of bird species is different on various islands. 
C) Diversity is independent from island area. 
D) Number of bird species increases exponentially with island area.

Question 9

Figure 55.6  
-In looking at Figure 55.6,what can be said about edge effects?

Accepted Answer

A) Biomass declines along edges of forest fragments. 
B) Biomass increases along the edges of forest fragments. 
C) Species diversity decreases along the edges of forest fragments. 
D) Fragmentation does not affect biomass. 
A) Biomass declines along edges of forest fragments. 
B) Biomass increases along the edges of forest fragments. 
C) Species diversity decreases along the edges of forest fragments. 
D) Fragmentation does not affect biomass.

Question 10

A land developer is arguing with a group of ecologists.Of course the land developer wants the most land possible for building houses,but has to compromise by saving some land for animal habitat.The land developer offers 20 hectares in evenly distributed but isolated 1-hectare portions.The ecologists keep arguing for one 20 hectare area to remain intact.Why are the ecologists making this proposal?

Accepted Answer

A) There really is no difference;they should both work equally well. 
B) The isolated hectare plots are better because they spread out the habitat. 
C) The isolated plots are more vulnerable to edge effects. 
D) The large plot will create more inbreeding in many species. 
A) There really is no difference;they should both work equally well. 
B) The isolated hectare plots are better because they spread out the habitat. 
C) The isolated plots are more vulnerable to edge effects. 
D) The large plot will create more inbreeding in many species.

Question 11

The habitat of your bat population (in your 2000-hectare forest)is designated as a protected area.What,if any,might be an advantage of removing a small number of bats and placing them in a zoo?

Accepted Answer

A) Removing bats would do too much harm to the original population. 
B) Some animals in the zoo could breed more readily and maybe repopulate another area. 
C) It is better to isolate bats into breeding groups in the wild than to put them in a zoo. 
D) Zoos offer no advantage at all to the population. 
A) Removing bats would do too much harm to the original population. 
B) Some animals in the zoo could breed more readily and maybe repopulate another area. 
C) It is better to isolate bats into breeding groups in the wild than to put them in a zoo. 
D) Zoos offer no advantage at all to the population.

Question 12

Researchers have been studying a rare population of 87 voles in an isolated area.Ten voles from a larger population were added to this isolated population.Besides having 10 additional animals,what benefits are there to importing individuals?

Accepted Answer

A) Additional animals from a distant population will likely bring genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression. 
B) Additional animals will bring additional competition and could hurt the population. 
C) Additional animals would increase beneficial genetic drift. 
D) There is no benefit other than increasing the overall population size. 
A) Additional animals from a distant population will likely bring genetic diversity and reduce inbreeding depression. 
B) Additional animals will bring additional competition and could hurt the population. 
C) Additional animals would increase beneficial genetic drift. 
D) There is no benefit other than increasing the overall population size.

Question 13

If the last remaining population of a particular bird species were all highly related,which type of diversity would be of greatest concern when planning to keep the species from going extinct?

Accepted Answer

A) genetic diversity 
B) species diversity 
C) ecosystem diversity 
D) both genetic and species diversity 
E) both species and ecosystem diversity 
A) genetic diversity 
B) species diversity 
C) ecosystem diversity 
D) both genetic and species diversity 
E) both species and ecosystem diversity

Question 14

What is the main difference between sustainable development and adaptive management?

Accepted Answer

A) Adaptive management has a more international aspect. 
B) They are both essentially the same thing. 
C) Sustainable development uses resources carefully so they do not decline over time. 
D) Adaptive management is an ongoing process of reevaluating and re-implementing management plans through time. 
A) Adaptive management has a more international aspect. 
B) They are both essentially the same thing. 
C) Sustainable development uses resources carefully so they do not decline over time. 
D) Adaptive management is an ongoing process of reevaluating and re-implementing management plans through time.

Question 15

The main factor that leads to the loss of biodiversity is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) habitat fragmentation 
B) habitat destruction 
C) industrialization 
D) transportation 
A) habitat fragmentation 
B) habitat destruction 
C) industrialization 
D) transportation

Question 16

In a debate about the destruction of tropical wet forests,the arguments keep focusing on biodiversity and how this affects the animals themselves,as well as the ecosystem.What is one direct benefit of biodiversity to humans that you can argue to help people understand why these forests need to be preserved?

Accepted Answer

A) This diversity could contain undocumented insect species. 
B) The areas could be visited by tourists for profit. 
C) The diversity could contain novel drugs for consumers. 
D) The diversity could contain a new crop plant for agriculture. 
A) This diversity could contain undocumented insect species. 
B) The areas could be visited by tourists for profit. 
C) The diversity could contain novel drugs for consumers. 
D) The diversity could contain a new crop plant for agriculture.

Question 17

On Easter Island,data show that it was once covered by massive palm trees.How can an ecosystem collapse from removal of just one species of large tree?

Accepted Answer

A) Without large trees,soil erosion increases and reduces productivity. 
B) Species of plants needing shade no longer have it. 
C) Large trees are habitats for many species. 
D) Humans use the trees as a resource. 
E) All of the above apply. 
A) Without large trees,soil erosion increases and reduces productivity. 
B) Species of plants needing shade no longer have it. 
C) Large trees are habitats for many species. 
D) Humans use the trees as a resource. 
E) All of the above apply.

Question 18

Figure 55.2  
-By knowing the interrelatedness of various snake species,the type of antivenom can be chosen depending on the species involved in the bite.Based on Figure 55.2,which snake antivenom would you administer to a person bitten by an Australian copperhead?

Accepted Answer

A) taipan 
B) common brown snake 
C) red-bellied black snake 
D) death adder 
E) tiger snake 
A) taipan 
B) common brown snake 
C) red-bellied black snake 
D) death adder 
E) tiger snake

Question 19

Figure 55.8 Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s).
Abstract:
Recognition of the importance of land-use legacies in most ecological systems has been a major factor driving the recent focus on human activity as a legitimate and essential subject of environmental science.Ecologists,conservationists,and natural resource policy makers now recognize that the legacies of land-use activities continue to influence ecosystem structure and function for decades or centuries or even longer after those activities have ceased.
  
-Based on Figure 55.8,what can you conclude about land-use legacy in the southern Yucatán?

Accepted Answer

A) Massive soil erosion caused the Mayan population to crash. 
B) Reduction in forest cover caused the Mayan population to crash. 
C) As Mayan population increased,deforestation increased,leading to increased soil erosion. 
D) All of the above answers are correct. 
A) Massive soil erosion caused the Mayan population to crash. 
B) Reduction in forest cover caused the Mayan population to crash. 
C) As Mayan population increased,deforestation increased,leading to increased soil erosion. 
D) All of the above answers are correct.

Question 20

Figure 55.9  
-Based on Figure 55.9,what can you conclude about land-use legacy in New England?

Accepted Answer

A) Population growth has increasingly devastated the forests. 
B) A spike in lake sediments caused massive deforestation due to loss of soil nutrients. 
C) Sediment spikes correlate with massive population growth. 
D) Lake sediments reflect deforestation and despite reforestation,do not recover. 
E) All of the above answers apply. 
A) Population growth has increasingly devastated the forests. 
B) A spike in lake sediments caused massive deforestation due to loss of soil nutrients. 
C) Sediment spikes correlate with massive population growth. 
D) Lake sediments reflect deforestation and despite reforestation,do not recover. 
E) All of the above answers apply.

Exam 55: Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Figure 55.5 -According to Figure 55.5,what is occurring after 1985?

Figure 55.1 -According to Figure 55.1,which of the following explains why the red panda is an important species to preserve?

Which of the following statements regarding species diversity is false?

What is the main purpose of the wildlife corridor?

Ecosystems services include processes that increase the quality of the abiotic environment.Which of the following processes would not fall under this category?

While traveling in the Alps,you come across a butterfly that you cannot identify.You quickly find out that it is a new species.Which of the following is not a step in studying biodiversity?

Figure 55.7 -In looking at the species-area plot in Figure 55.7,what can be concluded?

Figure 55.6 -In looking at Figure 55.6,what can be said about edge effects?

The habitat of your bat population (in your 2000-hectare forest)is designated as a protected area.What,if any,might be an advantage of removing a small number of bats and placing them in a zoo?

Researchers have been studying a rare population of 87 voles in an isolated area.Ten voles from a larger population were added to this isolated population.Besides having 10 additional animals,what benefits are there to importing individuals?

If the last remaining population of a particular bird species were all highly related,which type of diversity would be of greatest concern when planning to keep the species from going extinct?

What is the main difference between sustainable development and adaptive management?

The main factor that leads to the loss of biodiversity is _____.

On Easter Island,data show that it was once covered by massive palm trees.How can an ecosystem collapse from removal of just one species of large tree?

Figure 55.2 -By knowing the interrelatedness of various snake species,the type of antivenom can be chosen depending on the species involved in the bite.Based on Figure 55.2,which snake antivenom would you administer to a person bitten by an Australian copperhead?

Figure 55.9 -Based on Figure 55.9,what can you conclude about land-use legacy in New England?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

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