Question 1

Approximately how many species have we described out of the species alive today?

Accepted Answer

A) We have described almost all of the species on Earth. 
B) We have described about one-eighth of the species on Earth. 
C) We have described about one-quarter of the species on Earth. 
D) We have described about half of the species on Earth. 
E) We have described only a small fraction of the species on Earth. 
A) We have described almost all of the species on Earth. 
B) We have described about one-eighth of the species on Earth. 
C) We have described about one-quarter of the species on Earth. 
D) We have described about half of the species on Earth. 
E) We have described only a small fraction of the species on Earth.

Question 2

Environmental sequencing has brought to light what crucial finding?

Accepted Answer

A) Genetic diversity is highest in the most complex ecosystems. 
B) Genetic diversity is very difficult to detect in small ecosystems. 
C) Even the world's simplest ecosystems contain an enormous amount of genetic diversity. 
D) Individual diversity is as important as ecosystem diversity. 
E) All of the lineages in Figure 55.1 are important to preserve. 
A) Genetic diversity is highest in the most complex ecosystems. 
B) Genetic diversity is very difficult to detect in small ecosystems. 
C) Even the world's simplest ecosystems contain an enormous amount of genetic diversity. 
D) Individual diversity is as important as ecosystem diversity. 
E) All of the lineages in Figure 55.1 are important to preserve.

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding extinction is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Only certain species are immune from extinction. 
B) Species are vanishing today faster than at any other time in Earth's history. 
C) Extinction occurs whether humans interfere or not. 
D) Extinctions can even be caused indirectly by humans. 
A) Only certain species are immune from extinction. 
B) Species are vanishing today faster than at any other time in Earth's history. 
C) Extinction occurs whether humans interfere or not. 
D) Extinctions can even be caused indirectly by humans.

Question 4

Figure 55.2  
-Based on how you would go about measuring biodiversity,which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria are among the easiest to count regarding numbers of different species. 
B) Species in the tropics are much easier to study than species in other biomes. 
C) The easiest animals to study are the insects. 
D) The most intensively studied lineages are vertebrates. 
A) Bacteria are among the easiest to count regarding numbers of different species. 
B) Species in the tropics are much easier to study than species in other biomes. 
C) The easiest animals to study are the insects. 
D) The most intensively studied lineages are vertebrates.

Question 5

Which of the following is a likely mechanism for biodiversity increasing productivity?

Accepted Answer

A) Resource use is more efficient. 
B) Certain species facilitate the growth of other species. 
C) More species means more niches for other species and greater productivity. 
D) All of the above are mechanisms for biodiversity increasing productivity. 
A) Resource use is more efficient. 
B) Certain species facilitate the growth of other species. 
C) More species means more niches for other species and greater productivity. 
D) All of the above are mechanisms for biodiversity increasing productivity.

Question 6

Which of the following is the true statement regarding species diversity and taxonomic diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) Species diversity measures the relative frequency of all alleles present in a species. 
B) In taxonomic diversity,the evolutionary relationships of species in a lineage are important. 
C) In species diversity,the number of animals in a particular lineage is important. 
D) The variety of species in a given area represents taxonomic diversity. 
A) Species diversity measures the relative frequency of all alleles present in a species. 
B) In taxonomic diversity,the evolutionary relationships of species in a lineage are important. 
C) In species diversity,the number of animals in a particular lineage is important. 
D) The variety of species in a given area represents taxonomic diversity.

Question 7

You discover,in your massive 2000-hectare forest,a species of bat that is not found anywhere else.Which of the following agencies would not be involved in helping you formulate a plan to conserve this species?

Accepted Answer

A) U)S.Forest Service 
B) U)S.Department of the Interior 
C) U)S.Department of Commerce 
D) The Nature Conservancy 
E) Conservation International 
A) U)S.Forest Service 
B) U)S.Department of the Interior 
C) U)S.Department of Commerce 
D) The Nature Conservancy 
E) Conservation International

Question 8

Figure 55.3  
-Upon looking at Figure 55.3,what can you conclude about the data?

Accepted Answer

A) As species richness changes,plant biomass remains consistent. 
B) As species richness increases,plant biomass increases. 
C) As species richness increases,plant biomass increases and then levels off. 
D) As species richness decreases,plant biomass increases. 
A) As species richness changes,plant biomass remains consistent. 
B) As species richness increases,plant biomass increases. 
C) As species richness increases,plant biomass increases and then levels off. 
D) As species richness decreases,plant biomass increases.

Question 9

What are the criteria Conservation International has established to determine if an area is a conservation hotspot?

Accepted Answer

A) They contain at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and they have more than at least 50 percent of their traditional or primary vegetation. 
B) They contain at least 500 endemic vascular plant species and they have lost at least 20 percent of their traditional or primary vegetation. 
C) They contain at least 500 endemic vascular plant species and they have more than at least 50 percent of their traditional or primary vegetation. 
D) They contain at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and they have lost at least 70 percent of their traditional or primary vegetation. 
E) They contain at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and they have more than at least 70 percent of their traditional or primary vegetation. 
A) They contain at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and they have more than at least 50 percent of their traditional or primary vegetation. 
B) They contain at least 500 endemic vascular plant species and they have lost at least 20 percent of their traditional or primary vegetation. 
C) They contain at least 500 endemic vascular plant species and they have more than at least 50 percent of their traditional or primary vegetation. 
D) They contain at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and they have lost at least 70 percent of their traditional or primary vegetation. 
E) They contain at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species and they have more than at least 70 percent of their traditional or primary vegetation.

Question 10

Figure 55.5  
-According to Figure 55.5,what is the least likely explanation for the data after 1985?

Accepted Answer

A) emigration 
B) immigration 
C) introduction of new individuals to the population 
D) increased resources in the area 
A) emigration 
B) immigration 
C) introduction of new individuals to the population 
D) increased resources in the area

Question 11

How can biodiversity affect the way we decontaminate industrial sites?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria have been found to be able to detoxify certain chemicals;perhaps there are more. 
B) Trees produce sawdust,which can be used to soak up chemicals. 
C) Species evolving in contaminated areas could adapt and detoxify the area. 
D) None of the answers given is correct. 
A) Bacteria have been found to be able to detoxify certain chemicals;perhaps there are more. 
B) Trees produce sawdust,which can be used to soak up chemicals. 
C) Species evolving in contaminated areas could adapt and detoxify the area. 
D) None of the answers given is correct.

Question 12

Figure 55.7  
-Based on the species-area plot in Figure 55.7,if habitable area on an island were reduced from 10,000 km² to 1000 km²,roughly what percentage of the species would disappear?

Accepted Answer

A) 0)3 percent 
B) 3 percent 
C) 30 percent 
D) 60 percent 
A) 0)3 percent 
B) 3 percent 
C) 30 percent 
D) 60 percent

Question 13

Philippe Bouchet and colleagues conducted a massive survey of marine mollusks on the west coast of New Caledonia.Twenty percent of the species found were represented by a single specimen.What does that suggest about the diversity of mollusks in this area?

Accepted Answer

A) The west coast of New Caledonia is not an appropriate habitat for mollusks. 
B) They did not spend enough time sampling in the area. 
C) Many of the species from this 20 percent are probably rare. 
D) They were not sampling uniformly throughout the area. 
E) Many of the species from this 20 percent are most likely just dispersing through the area. 
A) The west coast of New Caledonia is not an appropriate habitat for mollusks. 
B) They did not spend enough time sampling in the area. 
C) Many of the species from this 20 percent are probably rare. 
D) They were not sampling uniformly throughout the area. 
E) Many of the species from this 20 percent are most likely just dispersing through the area.

Question 14

Which one of the following is likely not a hotspot for birds?

Accepted Answer

A) Amazon River basin 
B) East Africa 
C) Southwest China 
D) Southwest United States 
A) Amazon River basin 
B) East Africa 
C) Southwest China 
D) Southwest United States

Question 15

Which of the following criteria have to be met in order for a species to qualify as invasive?

Accepted Answer

A) endemic to the area,spreads rapidly,and displaces foreign species 
B) introduced to a new area,spreads rapidly,and displaces native species 
C) introduced to a new area,spreads rapidly,and displaces other invasive species 
D) endemic to the area,spreads slowly,and displaces native species 
E) none of the above 
A) endemic to the area,spreads rapidly,and displaces foreign species 
B) introduced to a new area,spreads rapidly,and displaces native species 
C) introduced to a new area,spreads rapidly,and displaces other invasive species 
D) endemic to the area,spreads slowly,and displaces native species 
E) none of the above

Question 16

During the inventory of bacterial genes present in the Sargasso Sea,a research team concluded that at least 1800 bacterial species were discovered.Based on what you know about this area,what would you expect to see in coral reef waters?

Accepted Answer

A) slightly greater genetic diversity 
B) slightly smaller genetic diversity 
C) equal genetic diversity 
D) markedly greater genetic diversity 
E) markedly smaller genetic diversity 
A) slightly greater genetic diversity 
B) slightly smaller genetic diversity 
C) equal genetic diversity 
D) markedly greater genetic diversity 
E) markedly smaller genetic diversity

Question 17

Figure 55.4  
-Hypothesis:
Productivity increases with species richness because certain species or functional groups facilitate the growth of other species by providing them with nutrients,partial shade,or other benefits.In looking at the data in Figure 55.4,how would you relate it to this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) The hypothesis is supported. 
B) The hypothesis is partially supported. 
C) The hypothesis is rejected. 
D) The hypothesis is proven. 
E) The data do not relate to the hypothesis given. 
A) The hypothesis is supported. 
B) The hypothesis is partially supported. 
C) The hypothesis is rejected. 
D) The hypothesis is proven. 
E) The data do not relate to the hypothesis given.

Question 18

Figure 55.1  
-Why is it important to preserve the red panda (see Figure 55.1)?

Accepted Answer

A) The group has very few representatives of its lineage. 
B) The group is particularly sensitive to environmental disturbances. 
C) The group has low genetic diversity. 
D) The group is economically important. 
A) The group has very few representatives of its lineage. 
B) The group is particularly sensitive to environmental disturbances. 
C) The group has low genetic diversity. 
D) The group is economically important.

Question 19

Figure 55.2  
-Based on Figure 55.2,what snake antivenom would you administer to a person bitten by a king brown snake?

Accepted Answer

A) taipan 
B) common brown snake 
C) red-bellied black snake 
D) death adder 
E) tiger snake 
A) taipan 
B) common brown snake 
C) red-bellied black snake 
D) death adder 
E) tiger snake

Exam 55: Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Approximately how many species have we described out of the species alive today?

Environmental sequencing has brought to light what crucial finding?

Which of the following statements regarding extinction is false?

Figure 55.2 -Based on how you would go about measuring biodiversity,which of the following is true?

Which of the following is a likely mechanism for biodiversity increasing productivity?

Which of the following is the true statement regarding species diversity and taxonomic diversity?

You discover,in your massive 2000-hectare forest,a species of bat that is not found anywhere else.Which of the following agencies would not be involved in helping you formulate a plan to conserve this species?

Figure 55.3 -Upon looking at Figure 55.3,what can you conclude about the data?

What are the criteria Conservation International has established to determine if an area is a conservation hotspot?

Figure 55.5 -According to Figure 55.5,what is the least likely explanation for the data after 1985?

How can biodiversity affect the way we decontaminate industrial sites?

Figure 55.7 -Based on the species-area plot in Figure 55.7,if habitable area on an island were reduced from 10,000 km² to 1000 km²,roughly what percentage of the species would disappear?

Philippe Bouchet and colleagues conducted a massive survey of marine mollusks on the west coast of New Caledonia.Twenty percent of the species found were represented by a single specimen.What does that suggest about the diversity of mollusks in this area?

Which one of the following is likely not a hotspot for birds?

Which of the following criteria have to be met in order for a species to qualify as invasive?

During the inventory of bacterial genes present in the Sargasso Sea,a research team concluded that at least 1800 bacterial species were discovered.Based on what you know about this area,what would you expect to see in coral reef waters?

Figure 55.1 -Why is it important to preserve the red panda (see Figure 55.1)?

Figure 55.2 -Based on Figure 55.2,what snake antivenom would you administer to a person bitten by a king brown snake?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

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