Question 1

Which one of the following is not a good strategy for increasing the surface area of an object relative to the volume?

Accepted Answer

A) increase the amount of branching 
B) increase the amount of folding 
C) enlarge and make more spherical 
D) make flatter 
E) None of these are good strategies. 
A) increase the amount of branching 
B) increase the amount of folding 
C) enlarge and make more spherical 
D) make flatter 
E) None of these are good strategies.

Question 2

Which principle of heat exchange is the most important explanation for why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers?

Accepted Answer

A) Fluffing feathers results in less cooling by radiation since feathers emit less infrared radiation than other tissues do. 
B) Fluffing decreases the amount of heat lost by conduction when the bird makes contact with cold objects in its environment. 
C) Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation. 
D) Fluffing decreases the surface area/volume ratio,thus decreasing the amount of heat lost to the environment. 
A) Fluffing feathers results in less cooling by radiation since feathers emit less infrared radiation than other tissues do. 
B) Fluffing decreases the amount of heat lost by conduction when the bird makes contact with cold objects in its environment. 
C) Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation. 
D) Fluffing decreases the surface area/volume ratio,thus decreasing the amount of heat lost to the environment.

Question 3

When the mammalian brain compares the actual temperature of the body to the preferred temperature of the body,which general component is being used?

Accepted Answer

A) sensor 
B) effector 
C) integrator 
D) stimulating sweat glands to increase evaporation 
E) both constriction of skin blood vessels to decrease heat loss and stimulation of sweat glands to increase evaporation 
A) sensor 
B) effector 
C) integrator 
D) stimulating sweat glands to increase evaporation 
E) both constriction of skin blood vessels to decrease heat loss and stimulation of sweat glands to increase evaporation

Question 4

There are advantages and disadvantages to adaptations.Animals that are endothermic are likely to be at a disadvantage in which of the following environments?

Accepted Answer

A) very cold environments 
B) very hot environments 
C) environments with a constant food source 
D) environments with variable and limited food sources 
A) very cold environments 
B) very hot environments 
C) environments with a constant food source 
D) environments with variable and limited food sources

Question 5

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)are born in freshwater environments and then migrate to the sea.Near the end of their lives,they return to the freshwater stream where they were born to spawn.In freshwater,water constantly diffuses into the body and ions are lost from the body.In salt water,body water diffuses out of the body and excess ions are gained from the water.A salmon's gills have special cells to pump salt in or out of the body to maintain homeostasis.In response to the salmon's moves between freshwater and salt water,some cells in the gills are produced and others are destroyed.These changes made in the cells of the gills during the lifetime of an individual salmon are an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) evolution 
B) trade-off 
C) acclimatization 
D) adaptation 
A) evolution 
B) trade-off 
C) acclimatization 
D) adaptation

Question 6

Which of the following explanations for brown adipose tissue explains why infant humans and some small mammals have this tissue type?

Accepted Answer

A) This tissue allows for the conversion of fats directly into heat without the production of ATP. 
B) This tissue can convert ATP into heat energy instead of using it for muscle contraction and other energy-requiring processes. 
C) This tissue stores more heat than other types of fat because of its darker color. 
D) This tissue type has less water than other adipose tissues and thus has less evaporative cooling. 
A) This tissue allows for the conversion of fats directly into heat without the production of ATP. 
B) This tissue can convert ATP into heat energy instead of using it for muscle contraction and other energy-requiring processes. 
C) This tissue stores more heat than other types of fat because of its darker color. 
D) This tissue type has less water than other adipose tissues and thus has less evaporative cooling.

Question 7

If you were to view a sample of animal tissue under a light microscope and notice an extracellular matrix surrounding the tissue,which tissue type would you conclude you were looking at?

Accepted Answer

A) connective 
B) cardiac muscle 
C) epithelial 
D) nervous 
E) striated muscle 
A) connective 
B) cardiac muscle 
C) epithelial 
D) nervous 
E) striated muscle

Question 8

One function of the intestines is absorption.Water and nutrients pass from the inside of the intestines to the surrounding circulatory system.Which of the following represents the correct path that water and nutrients travel during absorption?

Accepted Answer

A) lumen → apical membrane → cytoplasm → basolateral membrane → circulatory system 
B) apical membrane → lumen → cytoplasm → basolateral membrane → circulatory system 
C) basolateral membrane → lumen → cytoplasm → apical membrane → circulatory system 
D) lumen → basolateral membrane → cytoplasm → apical membrane → circulatory system 
A) lumen → apical membrane → cytoplasm → basolateral membrane → circulatory system 
B) apical membrane → lumen → cytoplasm → basolateral membrane → circulatory system 
C) basolateral membrane → lumen → cytoplasm → apical membrane → circulatory system 
D) lumen → basolateral membrane → cytoplasm → apical membrane → circulatory system

Question 9

Which term best describes an animal that,although generating a significant amount of heat through metabolism,nonetheless does not maintain a constant body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) homeothermic endotherm 
B) heterothermic ectotherm 
C) homeothermic ectotherm 
D) heterothermic endotherm 
A) homeothermic endotherm 
B) heterothermic ectotherm 
C) homeothermic ectotherm 
D) heterothermic endotherm

Exam 41: Animal Form and Function

Which one of the following is not a good strategy for increasing the surface area of an object relative to the volume?

Which principle of heat exchange is the most important explanation for why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers?

When the mammalian brain compares the actual temperature of the body to the preferred temperature of the body,which general component is being used?

There are advantages and disadvantages to adaptations.Animals that are endothermic are likely to be at a disadvantage in which of the following environments?

Which of the following explanations for brown adipose tissue explains why infant humans and some small mammals have this tissue type?

If you were to view a sample of animal tissue under a light microscope and notice an extracellular matrix surrounding the tissue,which tissue type would you conclude you were looking at?

One function of the intestines is absorption.Water and nutrients pass from the inside of the intestines to the surrounding circulatory system.Which of the following represents the correct path that water and nutrients travel during absorption?

Which term best describes an animal that,although generating a significant amount of heat through metabolism,nonetheless does not maintain a constant body temperature?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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