Question 1

Which of the following is a successful example of the commercial use of transgenic crops?

Accepted Answer

A) inserting Bt toxin genes into cotton, maize, and potato 
B) developing plants that are resistant to ultraviolet light mutations 
C) producing plants that resist attack by large herbivores 
D) developing plants that produce all the essential amino acids for humans 
E) producing plants that contain genes for making human insulin 
A) inserting Bt toxin genes into cotton, maize, and potato 
B) developing plants that are resistant to ultraviolet light mutations 
C) producing plants that resist attack by large herbivores 
D) developing plants that produce all the essential amino acids for humans 
E) producing plants that contain genes for making human insulin

Question 2

Which of the following is proving to be the most difficult task for plant breeders regardless of the techniques they use for crop improvement due to the complexity of the metabolic pathways involved?

Accepted Answer

A) insect resistance 
B) nitrogen fixation 
C) herbicide resistance 
D) improved nutritional quality 
E) virus resistance 
A) insect resistance 
B) nitrogen fixation 
C) herbicide resistance 
D) improved nutritional quality 
E) virus resistance

Question 3

Where and by which process are sperm cells formed in plants?

Accepted Answer

A) meiosis in pollen grains 
B) meiosis in anthers 
C) mitosis in male gametophyte pollen tube 
D) mitosis in the micropyle 
E) mitosis in the embryo sac 
A) meiosis in pollen grains 
B) meiosis in anthers 
C) mitosis in male gametophyte pollen tube 
D) mitosis in the micropyle 
E) mitosis in the embryo sac

Question 4

Some dioecious species have the XY genotype for male and XX for female.After double fertilization,what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?

Accepted Answer

A) embryo X/endosperm XX or embryo Y/endosperm XY 
B) embryo XX/endosperm XX or embryo XY/endosperm XY 
C) embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XYY 
D) embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XXY 
E) embryo XY/endosperm XXX or embryo XX/endosperm XXY 
A) embryo X/endosperm XX or embryo Y/endosperm XY 
B) embryo XX/endosperm XX or embryo XY/endosperm XY 
C) embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XYY 
D) embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XXY 
E) embryo XY/endosperm XXX or embryo XX/endosperm XXY

Question 5

Which of the following is a scientific concern related to creating genetically modified crops?

Accepted Answer

A) Herbicide resistance may spread to weedy species. 
B) Beneficial insects may be harmed by eating pest species. 
C) Their adaptive advantages would allow them to overpower natural ecosystems. 
D) The monetary costs of growing genetically modified plants are significantly greater than traditional breeding techniques. 
E) Genetically modified plants are less stable and may revert back to parental genotypes. 
A) Herbicide resistance may spread to weedy species. 
B) Beneficial insects may be harmed by eating pest species. 
C) Their adaptive advantages would allow them to overpower natural ecosystems. 
D) The monetary costs of growing genetically modified plants are significantly greater than traditional breeding techniques. 
E) Genetically modified plants are less stable and may revert back to parental genotypes.

Question 6

The pollen produced by wind-pollinated plants is often smaller than the pollen produced by animal-pollinated plants.A reason for this might be that

Accepted Answer

A) wind-pollinated plants, in general, are smaller than animal-pollinated plants. 
B) wind-pollinated plants release pollen in the spring, before the plant has stored enough energy to make large pollen grains. 
C) small pollen grains can be carried farther by the wind. 
D) animal pollinators are more facile at picking up large pollen grains. 
E) wind-pollinated flowers don't need large pollen grains because they don't have to attract animal pollinators. 
A) wind-pollinated plants, in general, are smaller than animal-pollinated plants. 
B) wind-pollinated plants release pollen in the spring, before the plant has stored enough energy to make large pollen grains. 
C) small pollen grains can be carried farther by the wind. 
D) animal pollinators are more facile at picking up large pollen grains. 
E) wind-pollinated flowers don't need large pollen grains because they don't have to attract animal pollinators.

Question 7

Which of the following is the male gametophyte of a flowering plant?

Accepted Answer

A) ovule 
B) microsporocyte 
C) pollen grain 
D) embryo sac 
E) stamen 
A) ovule 
B) microsporocyte 
C) pollen grain 
D) embryo sac 
E) stamen

Question 8

The embryo of a grass seed is enclosed by two protective sheaths,a(n)________,which covers the young shoot,and a(n)________,which covers the young root.

Accepted Answer

A) cotyledon; radicle 
B) hypocotyl; epicotyl 
C) coleoptile; coleorhiza 
D) scutellum; coleoptile 
E) epicotyl; radicle 
A) cotyledon; radicle 
B) hypocotyl; epicotyl 
C) coleoptile; coleorhiza 
D) scutellum; coleoptile 
E) epicotyl; radicle

Question 9

Regardless of where in the world a vineyard is located,in order for the winery to produce a Burgundy,it must use varietal grapes that originated in Burgundy,France.The most effective way for a new California grower to plant a vineyard to produce Burgundy is to

Accepted Answer

A) plant seeds obtained from French varietal Burgundy grapes. 
B) transplant varietal Burgundy plants from France. 
C) acquire a tissue culture of varietal Burgundy grapes from France. 
D) cross French Burgundy grapes with native American grapes. 
E) graft varietal Burgundy grape scions onto native (Californian)root stocks. 
A) plant seeds obtained from French varietal Burgundy grapes. 
B) transplant varietal Burgundy plants from France. 
C) acquire a tissue culture of varietal Burgundy grapes from France. 
D) cross French Burgundy grapes with native American grapes. 
E) graft varietal Burgundy grape scions onto native (Californian)root stocks.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true about fruits?

Accepted Answer

A) Fruits form from megasporangia and integuments. 
B) All fruits contain seeds. 
C) Green beans, corn, tomatoes, and wheat are all vegetables. 
D) Pollination is always required for fruit maturation. 
E) During fruit development, the wall of the ovary becomes the integument. 
A) Fruits form from megasporangia and integuments. 
B) All fruits contain seeds. 
C) Green beans, corn, tomatoes, and wheat are all vegetables. 
D) Pollination is always required for fruit maturation. 
E) During fruit development, the wall of the ovary becomes the integument.

Question 11

What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

A) The endosperm develops into a diploid nutrient tissue. 
B) A triploid zygote is formed. 
C) Both a diploid embryo and triploid endosperm are formed. 
D) Two embryos develop in every seed. 
E) The antipodal cells develop into the seed coat. 
A) The endosperm develops into a diploid nutrient tissue. 
B) A triploid zygote is formed. 
C) Both a diploid embryo and triploid endosperm are formed. 
D) Two embryos develop in every seed. 
E) The antipodal cells develop into the seed coat.

Question 12

Biofuels are mainly produced by

Accepted Answer

A) the breakdown of cell wall biopolymers into sugars that can be fermented. 
B) plants that convert hemicellulose into gasoline. 
C) the genetic engineering of ethanol-generating genes into plants. 
D) transgenic crops that have cell walls containing ethylene. 
E) plants that are easy to grow in arid environments. 
A) the breakdown of cell wall biopolymers into sugars that can be fermented. 
B) plants that convert hemicellulose into gasoline. 
C) the genetic engineering of ethanol-generating genes into plants. 
D) transgenic crops that have cell walls containing ethylene. 
E) plants that are easy to grow in arid environments.

Question 13

A parent with an S₁S₂ genotype exhibiting sporophytic self-incompatibility can potentially fertilize which of the following plant genotypes of the same species with pollen grains?

Accepted Answer

A) S₁S₃ 
B) S₂S₃ 
C) S₃S₄ 
D) S₁S₄ 
E) Half of all the pollen grains could be successful. 
A) S₁S₃ 
B) S₂S₃ 
C) S₃S₄ 
D) S₁S₄ 
E) Half of all the pollen grains could be successful.

Question 14

Which of the following could be considered an evolutionary advantage of asexual reproduction in plants?

Accepted Answer

A) increased success of progeny in a stable environment 
B) increased agricultural productivity in a rapidly changing environment 
C) maintenance and expansion of a large genome 
D) production of numerous progeny 
E) increased ability to adapt to a change in the environment 
A) increased success of progeny in a stable environment 
B) increased agricultural productivity in a rapidly changing environment 
C) maintenance and expansion of a large genome 
D) production of numerous progeny 
E) increased ability to adapt to a change in the environment

Question 15

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm shown below.
  
-Based on the above figure,which cell(s)guide(s)the pollen tube to the egg cell?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 16

Carpellate flowers

Accepted Answer

A) are perfect. 
B) are complete. 
C) produce pollen. 
D) are found only on dioecious plants. 
E) develop into fruits. 
A) are perfect. 
B) are complete. 
C) produce pollen. 
D) are found only on dioecious plants. 
E) develop into fruits.

Question 17

Fruits develop from

Accepted Answer

A) microsporangia. 
B) receptacles. 
C) fertilized eggs. 
D) ovaries. 
E) ovules. 
A) microsporangia. 
B) receptacles. 
C) fertilized eggs. 
D) ovaries. 
E) ovules.

Question 18

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Millions of people suffer from hunger and malnutrition.With artificial selection,farmers have improved the yields of many agricultural crops.More recently,plant biotechnology/genetic engineering has been suggested as a means to further improve crops and combat hunger.
-Golden rice is one example of a transgenic crop that produces beta carotene,a precursor for vitamin A.Golden rice has the potential to decrease blindness in populations that are suffering from vitamin A deficiency.What are some possible alternatives for people to consume adequate amounts of vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

A) provide and encourage people to consume higher quantities of polished rice 
B) provide and encourage people to consume unpolished rice 
C) provide and encourage people to consume leafy greens and local fruits naturally high in vitamin A 
D) keep genetically modifying rice to make it produce higher amounts of beta carotene 
E) B and C 
A) provide and encourage people to consume higher quantities of polished rice 
B) provide and encourage people to consume unpolished rice 
C) provide and encourage people to consume leafy greens and local fruits naturally high in vitamin A 
D) keep genetically modifying rice to make it produce higher amounts of beta carotene 
E) B and C

Question 19

The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to

Accepted Answer

A) protect against animal predation. 
B) ensure double fertilization. 
C) form a seed coat. 
D) direct development of the endosperm. 
E) produce hormones that ensure successful pollination. 
A) protect against animal predation. 
B) ensure double fertilization. 
C) form a seed coat. 
D) direct development of the endosperm. 
E) produce hormones that ensure successful pollination.

Question 20

In flowering plants,a mature male gametophyte contains

Accepted Answer

A) two haploid gametes and a diploid pollen grain. 
B) a generative cell and a tube cell. 
C) two sperm nuclei and one tube cell nucleus. 
D) two haploid microspores. 
E) a haploid nucleus and a diploid pollen wall. 
A) two haploid gametes and a diploid pollen grain. 
B) a generative cell and a tube cell. 
C) two sperm nuclei and one tube cell nucleus. 
D) two haploid microspores. 
E) a haploid nucleus and a diploid pollen wall.

Exam 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Which of the following is a successful example of the commercial use of transgenic crops?

Which of the following is proving to be the most difficult task for plant breeders regardless of the techniques they use for crop improvement due to the complexity of the metabolic pathways involved?

Where and by which process are sperm cells formed in plants?

Some dioecious species have the XY genotype for male and XX for female.After double fertilization,what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?

Which of the following is a scientific concern related to creating genetically modified crops?

The pollen produced by wind-pollinated plants is often smaller than the pollen produced by animal-pollinated plants.A reason for this might be that

Which of the following is the male gametophyte of a flowering plant?

The embryo of a grass seed is enclosed by two protective sheaths,a(n)________,which covers the young shoot,and a(n)________,which covers the young root.

Regardless of where in the world a vineyard is located,in order for the winery to produce a Burgundy,it must use varietal grapes that originated in Burgundy,France.The most effective way for a new California grower to plant a vineyard to produce Burgundy is to

Which of the following statements is true about fruits?

What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms?

Biofuels are mainly produced by

A parent with an S₁S₂ genotype exhibiting sporophytic self-incompatibility can potentially fertilize which of the following plant genotypes of the same species with pollen grains?

Which of the following could be considered an evolutionary advantage of asexual reproduction in plants?

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm shown below. -Based on the above figure,which cell(s)guide(s)the pollen tube to the egg cell?

Carpellate flowers

Fruits develop from

The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to

In flowering plants,a mature male gametophyte contains

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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The embryo of a grass seed is enclosed by two protective sheaths,a(n),which covers the young shoot,and a(n),which covers the young root.