Question 1

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem.

Accepted Answer

A) Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell 
B) Apical meristem; vascular cambium 
C) Vessel element; sieve-tube member 
D) Cortex; pith 
E) Vascular cambium; cork cambium 
A) Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell 
B) Apical meristem; vascular cambium 
C) Vessel element; sieve-tube member 
D) Cortex; pith 
E) Vascular cambium; cork cambium

Question 2

All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their functions except

Accepted Answer

A) mesophyll-photosynthesis. 
B) guard cell-regulation of transpiration. 
C) sieve-tube member-translocation. 
D) vessel element-water transport. 
E) companion cell-formation of secondary xylem and phloem. 
A) mesophyll-photosynthesis. 
B) guard cell-regulation of transpiration. 
C) sieve-tube member-translocation. 
D) vessel element-water transport. 
E) companion cell-formation of secondary xylem and phloem.

Question 3

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by

Accepted Answer

A) a change in the morphology of the leaves produced. 
B) the initiation of secondary growth. 
C) the formation of lateral roots. 
D) a change in the orientation of preprophase bands and cytoplasmic microtubules in lateral meristems. 
E) the activation of floral meristem identity genes. 
A) a change in the morphology of the leaves produced. 
B) the initiation of secondary growth. 
C) the formation of lateral roots. 
D) a change in the orientation of preprophase bands and cytoplasmic microtubules in lateral meristems. 
E) the activation of floral meristem identity genes.

Question 4

CO₂ enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the

Accepted Answer

A) cuticle. 
B) epidermal trichomes. 
C) stoma. 
D) phloem. 
E) walls of guard cells. 
A) cuticle. 
B) epidermal trichomes. 
C) stoma. 
D) phloem. 
E) walls of guard cells.

Question 5

A leaf primordium is initiated as a small mound of tissue on the flank of a dome-shaped shoot apical meristem.The earliest physical evidence of the site of a newly forming leaf primordium would be

Accepted Answer

A) development of chloroplasts in a surface cell of the shoot apical meristem. 
B) cell division in the shoot apical meristem with the newly forming walls perpendicular to the surface of the meristem. 
C) preprophase bands parallel to the surface of the meristem in subsurface cells of the shoot apical meristem. 
D) elongation of epidermal cells perpendicular to the surface of the shoot apical meristem. 
E) formation of stomata in the epidermal layer of the shoot apical meristem. 
A) development of chloroplasts in a surface cell of the shoot apical meristem. 
B) cell division in the shoot apical meristem with the newly forming walls perpendicular to the surface of the meristem. 
C) preprophase bands parallel to the surface of the meristem in subsurface cells of the shoot apical meristem. 
D) elongation of epidermal cells perpendicular to the surface of the shoot apical meristem. 
E) formation of stomata in the epidermal layer of the shoot apical meristem.

Question 6

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below.
  
-A plant that is at least three years old is represented by

Accepted Answer

A) I only. 
B) II only. 
C) III only. 
D) IV only. 
E) both I and III. 
A) I only. 
B) II only. 
C) III only. 
D) IV only. 
E) both I and III.

Question 7

Leaf thickness represents a trade-off between

Accepted Answer

A) light collection and carbon dioxide absorption. 
B) water retention and carbon dioxide absorption. 
C) water retention and oxygen absorption. 
D) light collection and oxygen absorption. 
A) light collection and carbon dioxide absorption. 
B) water retention and carbon dioxide absorption. 
C) water retention and oxygen absorption. 
D) light collection and oxygen absorption.

Question 8

You find a plant unfamiliar to you and observe that it has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross section.What do you conclude about the plant?

Accepted Answer

A) It is probably an herbaceous eudicot. 
B) It will probably get annual rings of wood. 
C) It is probably a monocot. 
D) It could be either a young eudicot or a monocot. 
A) It is probably an herbaceous eudicot. 
B) It will probably get annual rings of wood. 
C) It is probably a monocot. 
D) It could be either a young eudicot or a monocot.

Question 9

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below.
  
-A woody eudicot is represented by

Accepted Answer

A) I only. 
B) II only. 
C) III only. 
D) IV only. 
E) both I and III. 
A) I only. 
B) II only. 
C) III only. 
D) IV only. 
E) both I and III.

Question 10

What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?

Accepted Answer

A) primary xylem 
B) secondary xylem 
C) secondary phloem 
D) mesophyll cells 
E) vascular cambium 
A) primary xylem 
B) secondary xylem 
C) secondary phloem 
D) mesophyll cells 
E) vascular cambium

Question 11

What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?

Accepted Answer

A) increases apical dominance 
B) inhibits the growth of lateral buds 
C) produces a plant that will grow taller 
D) stimulates lateral buds to grow 
E) increases the flow of auxin down the shoot 
A) increases apical dominance 
B) inhibits the growth of lateral buds 
C) produces a plant that will grow taller 
D) stimulates lateral buds to grow 
E) increases the flow of auxin down the shoot

Question 12

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to

Accepted Answer

A) cell division at the shoot apical meristem. 
B) cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. 
C) cell division localized in each internode. 
D) cell elongation localized in each internode. 
E) cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. 
A) cell division at the shoot apical meristem. 
B) cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. 
C) cell division localized in each internode. 
D) cell elongation localized in each internode. 
E) cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem.

Question 13

The following question is based on parts of a growing primary root.
I. root cap
II. zone of elongation
III. zone of cell division
IV. zone of cell maturation
V. apical meristem
-Which of the following is the correct sequence from the growing tips of the root upward?

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, V, III, IV 
B) III, V, I, II, IV 
C) II, IV, I, V, III 
D) IV, II, III, I, V 
E) I, V, III, II, IV 
A) I, II, V, III, IV 
B) III, V, I, II, IV 
C) II, IV, I, V, III 
D) IV, II, III, I, V 
E) I, V, III, II, IV

Question 14

Water is most likely to enter a mesophyll cell

Accepted Answer

A) as a gas. 
B) as a liquid. 
C) covalently bound to sugars. 
D) coupled to ion transport. 
E) via endocytosis. 
A) as a gas. 
B) as a liquid. 
C) covalently bound to sugars. 
D) coupled to ion transport. 
E) via endocytosis.

Question 15

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?

Accepted Answer

A) vascular cambium 
B) apical meristem 
C) endodermis 
D) phloem 
E) xylem 
A) vascular cambium 
B) apical meristem 
C) endodermis 
D) phloem 
E) xylem

Question 16

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that

Accepted Answer

A) only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem. 
B) root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not. 
C) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots. 
D) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves. 
E) leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not. 
A) only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem. 
B) root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not. 
C) a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots. 
D) vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves. 
E) leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not.

Question 17

Axillary buds

Accepted Answer

A) are initiated by the cork cambium. 
B) have dormant meristematic cells. 
C) are composed of a series of internodes lacking nodes. 
D) grow immediately into shoot branches. 
E) do not form a vascular connection with the primary shoot. 
A) are initiated by the cork cambium. 
B) have dormant meristematic cells. 
C) are composed of a series of internodes lacking nodes. 
D) grow immediately into shoot branches. 
E) do not form a vascular connection with the primary shoot.

Question 18

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root?

Accepted Answer

A) sclerenchyma cells 
B) parenchyma cells 
C) sieve-tube elements 
D) root hairs 
E) vessel elements 
A) sclerenchyma cells 
B) parenchyma cells 
C) sieve-tube elements 
D) root hairs 
E) vessel elements

Question 19

While studying the plant Arabidopsis,a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces coloured spots in the sepals of the plant.From this information,what can be inferred?

Accepted Answer

A) The differently coloured plants will attract different pollinating insects. 
B) The RNA probe is transported only to certain tissues. 
C) The coloured regions were caused by mutations that occurred in the sepals. 
D) The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals. 
E) More research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis. 
A) The differently coloured plants will attract different pollinating insects. 
B) The RNA probe is transported only to certain tissues. 
C) The coloured regions were caused by mutations that occurred in the sepals. 
D) The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals. 
E) More research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis.

Question 20

Which of the following arise,directly or indirectly,from meristematic activity?

Accepted Answer

A) secondary xylem 
B) leaves 
C) dermal tissue 
D) secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers 
A) secondary xylem 
B) leaves 
C) dermal tissue 
D) secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers

Exam 35: Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem.

All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their functions except

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by

CO₂ enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the

A leaf primordium is initiated as a small mound of tissue on the flank of a dome-shaped shoot apical meristem.The earliest physical evidence of the site of a newly forming leaf primordium would be

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below. -A plant that is at least three years old is represented by

Leaf thickness represents a trade-off between

You find a plant unfamiliar to you and observe that it has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross section.What do you conclude about the plant?

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below. -A woody eudicot is represented by

What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?

What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to

The following question is based on parts of a growing primary root. I. root cap II. zone of elongation III. zone of cell division IV. zone of cell maturation V. apical meristem -Which of the following is the correct sequence from the growing tips of the root upward?

Water is most likely to enter a mesophyll cell

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that

Axillary buds

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root?

While studying the plant Arabidopsis,a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces coloured spots in the sepals of the plant.From this information,what can be inferred?

Which of the following arise,directly or indirectly,from meristematic activity?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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is to xylem as is to phloem.