Question 1

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Of the images displayed above,which represents DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 2

The bicoid gene product is normally localized to the anterior end of the embryo.If large amounts of the product were injected into the posterior end as well,which of the following would occur?

Accepted Answer

A) The embryo would grow to an unusually large size. 
B) The embryo would grow extra wings and legs. 
C) The embryo would probably show no anterior development and die. 
D) Anterior structures would form in both sides of the embryo. 
E) The embryo would develop normally. 
A) The embryo would grow to an unusually large size. 
B) The embryo would grow extra wings and legs. 
C) The embryo would probably show no anterior development and die. 
D) Anterior structures would form in both sides of the embryo. 
E) The embryo would develop normally.

Question 3

Among the newly discovered small noncoding RNAs,one type re-establishes methylation patterns during gamete formation and blocks expression of some transposons.This type is known as

Accepted Answer

A) miRNA. 
B) piRNA. 
C) snRNA. 
D) siRNA. 
E) RNAi. 
A) miRNA. 
B) piRNA. 
C) snRNA. 
D) siRNA. 
E) RNAi.

Question 4

What is ignored when one tries to correlate the level of mRNA produced with the final amount of active gene project?

Accepted Answer

A) chromatin condensation control 
B) transcriptional control 
C) alternative splicing 
D) translational control 
E) number of copies of each chromosome 
A) chromatin condensation control 
B) transcriptional control 
C) alternative splicing 
D) translational control 
E) number of copies of each chromosome

Question 5

Which of the following mechanisms is (are)used to coordinate the expression of multiple,related genes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Genes are organized into clusters, with local chromatin structures influencing the expression of all the genes at once. 
B) The genes share a common intragenic sequence, and allow several activators to turn on their transcription, regardless of location. 
C) The genes are organized into large operons, allowing them to be transcribed as a single unit. 
D) A single repressor is able to turn off several related genes. 
E) Environmental signals enter the cell and bind directly to promoters. 
A) Genes are organized into clusters, with local chromatin structures influencing the expression of all the genes at once. 
B) The genes share a common intragenic sequence, and allow several activators to turn on their transcription, regardless of location. 
C) The genes are organized into large operons, allowing them to be transcribed as a single unit. 
D) A single repressor is able to turn off several related genes. 
E) Environmental signals enter the cell and bind directly to promoters.

Question 6

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Where would B be located in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) ER 
C) nucleus 
D) attached to ribosomes 
E) in a vesicle 
A) cytoplasm 
B) ER 
C) nucleus 
D) attached to ribosomes 
E) in a vesicle

Question 7

What is the following phenomena called? RNA molecules in a cell are destroyed if they have a sequence complementary to an introduced double-stranded RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) RNA interference 
B) RNA obstruction 
C) RNA blocking 
D) RNA disposal 
E) RNA translation 
A) RNA interference 
B) RNA obstruction 
C) RNA blocking 
D) RNA disposal 
E) RNA translation

Question 8

The tryptophan operon is a repressible operon that is

Accepted Answer

A) permanently turned on. 
B) turned on only when tryptophan is present in the growth medium. 
C) turned off only when glucose is present in the growth medium. 
D) turned on only when glucose is present in the growth medium. 
E) turned off whenever tryptophan is added to the growth medium. 
A) permanently turned on. 
B) turned on only when tryptophan is present in the growth medium. 
C) turned off only when glucose is present in the growth medium. 
D) turned on only when glucose is present in the growth medium. 
E) turned off whenever tryptophan is added to the growth medium.

Question 9

What must characterize the XLP population?

Accepted Answer

A) They must have severe immunological problems starting at birth. 
B) They must all be males with affected male relatives. 
C) They must all be males with affected female relatives. 
D) They must all inherit this syndrome from their fathers. 
E) They must live in sub-Saharan Africa. 
A) They must have severe immunological problems starting at birth. 
B) They must all be males with affected male relatives. 
C) They must all be males with affected female relatives. 
D) They must all inherit this syndrome from their fathers. 
E) They must live in sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 10

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
A researcher found a method she could use to manipulate and quantify phosphorylation and methylation in embryonic cells in culture.
-One of her colleagues suggested she try increased methylation of C nucleotides in a mammalian system.Which of the following results would she most likely see?

Accepted Answer

A) increased chromatin condensation 
B) decreased chromatin condensation 
C) abnormalities of mouse embryos 
D) decreased binding of transcription factors 
E) inactivation of the selected genes 
A) increased chromatin condensation 
B) decreased chromatin condensation 
C) abnormalities of mouse embryos 
D) decreased binding of transcription factors 
E) inactivation of the selected genes

Question 11

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Suppose an experimenter becomes proficient with a technique that allows her to move DNA sequences within a prokaryotic genome.
-If she moves the operator to a position upstream from the promoter,what would occur?

Accepted Answer

A) The lac operon will function normally. 
B) The lac operon will be expressed continuously. 
C) The repressor will not be able to bind to the operator. 
D) The repressor will bind to the promoter. 
E) The repressor will no longer be made. 
A) The lac operon will function normally. 
B) The lac operon will be expressed continuously. 
C) The repressor will not be able to bind to the operator. 
D) The repressor will bind to the promoter. 
E) The repressor will no longer be made.

Question 12

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)causes most of us to have an episode of sore throat and swollen glands during early childhood.If we first become exposed to the virus during our teen years,however,EBV causes the syndrome we know as mononucleosis.However,in special circumstances,the same virus can be carcinogenic.
-A very rare human allele of a gene called XLP,or X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome,causes a small number of people from many different parts of the world to get cancer following even childhood exposure to EBV.Given the previous information,what might be going on?

Accepted Answer

A) The people must have previously had malaria. 
B) Their ancestors must be from sub-Saharan Africa or southeast Asia. 
C) They must be unable to mount an immune response to EBV. 
D) They must have severe combined immune deficiency (SCI
D) . 
E) Their whole immune system must be overreplicating. 
A) The people must have previously had malaria. 
B) Their ancestors must be from sub-Saharan Africa or southeast Asia. 
C) They must be unable to mount an immune response to EBV. 
D) They must have severe combined immune deficiency (SCI
D) . 
E) Their whole immune system must be overreplicating.

Question 13

Drosophila larvae (wt)showing segmentation and anterior-posterior axis.
Refer to the image above to answer the following questions.
-What would happen if the maternal nurse cells were to have a mutant bicoid gene?

Accepted Answer

A) Nothing. 
B) The larvae would be round. 
C) The larvae would have two heads. 
D) The larvae would have two tails. 
E) The larvae would grow legs instead of antennae. 
A) Nothing. 
B) The larvae would be round. 
C) The larvae would have two heads. 
D) The larvae would have two tails. 
E) The larvae would grow legs instead of antennae.

Question 14

Imagine that you've isolated a yeast mutant that contains histones resistant to acetylation.What phenotype do you predict for this mutant?

Accepted Answer

A) The mutant will grow rapidly. 
B) The mutant will require galactose for growth. 
C) The mutant will show low levels of gene expression. 
D) The mutant will show high levels of gene expression. 
E) The mutant will have decreased translation. 
A) The mutant will grow rapidly. 
B) The mutant will require galactose for growth. 
C) The mutant will show low levels of gene expression. 
D) The mutant will show high levels of gene expression. 
E) The mutant will have decreased translation.

Question 15

Which of the following experimental procedures is most likely to hasten mRNA degradation in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A) enzymatic shortening of the poly-A tail 
B) removal of the 5' cap 
C) methylation of C nucleotides 
D) methylation of histones 
E) removal of one or more exons 
A) enzymatic shortening of the poly-A tail 
B) removal of the 5' cap 
C) methylation of C nucleotides 
D) methylation of histones 
E) removal of one or more exons

Question 16

Which of the following is characteristic of the product of the p53 gene?

Accepted Answer

A) It is an activator for other genes. 
B) It speeds up the cell cycle. 
C) It causes cell death via apoptosis. 
D) It allows cells to pass on mutations due to DNA damage. 
E) It slows down the rate of DNA replication by interfering with the binding of DNA polymerase. 
A) It is an activator for other genes. 
B) It speeds up the cell cycle. 
C) It causes cell death via apoptosis. 
D) It allows cells to pass on mutations due to DNA damage. 
E) It slows down the rate of DNA replication by interfering with the binding of DNA polymerase.

Question 17

You are given an experimental problem involving control of a gene's expression in the embryo of a particular species.One of your first questions is whether the gene's expression is controlled at the level of transcription or translation.Which of the following might best give you an answer?

Accepted Answer

A) You explore whether there has been alternative splicing by examining amino acid sequences of very similar proteins. 
B) You measure the quantity of the appropriate pre-mRNA in various cell types and find they are all the same. 
C) You assess the position and sequence of the promoter and enhancer for this gene. 
D) An analysis of amino acid production by the cell shows you that there is an increase at this stage of embryonic life. 
E) You use an antibiotic known to prevent translation. 
A) You explore whether there has been alternative splicing by examining amino acid sequences of very similar proteins. 
B) You measure the quantity of the appropriate pre-mRNA in various cell types and find they are all the same. 
C) You assess the position and sequence of the promoter and enhancer for this gene. 
D) An analysis of amino acid production by the cell shows you that there is an increase at this stage of embryonic life. 
E) You use an antibiotic known to prevent translation.

Question 18

Which of the following occurs when the lactose enters the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) The repressor protein attaches to the regulator. 
B) Allolactose binds to the repressor protein. 
C) Allolactose binds to the regulator gene. 
D) The repressor protein and allolactose bind to RNA polymerase. 
E) RNA polymerase attaches to the regulator. 
A) The repressor protein attaches to the regulator. 
B) Allolactose binds to the repressor protein. 
C) Allolactose binds to the regulator gene. 
D) The repressor protein and allolactose bind to RNA polymerase. 
E) RNA polymerase attaches to the regulator.

Question 19

What is considered to be the first evidence of differentiation in the cells of an embryo?

Accepted Answer

A) cell division occurring after fertilization 
B) the occurrence of mRNAs for the production of tissue-specific proteins 
C) determination of specific cells for certain functions 
D) changes in the size and shape of the cell 
E) changes resulting from induction 
A) cell division occurring after fertilization 
B) the occurrence of mRNAs for the production of tissue-specific proteins 
C) determination of specific cells for certain functions 
D) changes in the size and shape of the cell 
E) changes resulting from induction

Question 20

What defines a proto-oncogene?

Accepted Answer

A) a gene that is destined to cause cancer 
B) a gene that, if mutated, could cause cancer 
C) a cancer gene that hasn't been expressed yet 
D) the evolutionary precursor to tumour suppression genes in modern humans 
E) a gene involved in muscle formation 
A) a gene that is destined to cause cancer 
B) a gene that, if mutated, could cause cancer 
C) a cancer gene that hasn't been expressed yet 
D) the evolutionary precursor to tumour suppression genes in modern humans 
E) a gene involved in muscle formation

Exam 18: Regulation of Gene Expression

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Of the images displayed above,which represents DNA?

The bicoid gene product is normally localized to the anterior end of the embryo.If large amounts of the product were injected into the posterior end as well,which of the following would occur?

Among the newly discovered small noncoding RNAs,one type re-establishes methylation patterns during gamete formation and blocks expression of some transposons.This type is known as

What is ignored when one tries to correlate the level of mRNA produced with the final amount of active gene project?

Which of the following mechanisms is (are)used to coordinate the expression of multiple,related genes in eukaryotic cells?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Where would B be located in the cell?

What is the following phenomena called? RNA molecules in a cell are destroyed if they have a sequence complementary to an introduced double-stranded RNA.

The tryptophan operon is a repressible operon that is

What must characterize the XLP population?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. Suppose an experimenter becomes proficient with a technique that allows her to move DNA sequences within a prokaryotic genome. -If she moves the operator to a position upstream from the promoter,what would occur?

Drosophila larvae (wt)showing segmentation and anterior-posterior axis. Refer to the image above to answer the following questions. -What would happen if the maternal nurse cells were to have a mutant bicoid gene?

Imagine that you've isolated a yeast mutant that contains histones resistant to acetylation.What phenotype do you predict for this mutant?

Which of the following experimental procedures is most likely to hasten mRNA degradation in a eukaryotic cell?

Which of the following is characteristic of the product of the p53 gene?

You are given an experimental problem involving control of a gene's expression in the embryo of a particular species.One of your first questions is whether the gene's expression is controlled at the level of transcription or translation.Which of the following might best give you an answer?

Which of the following occurs when the lactose enters the cell?

What is considered to be the first evidence of differentiation in the cells of an embryo?

What defines a proto-oncogene?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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