Question 1

In fragile-X syndrome,

Accepted Answer

A)  females are affected more severely than males. 
B)  a short sequence of DNA is repeated many times to create the fragile site. 
C)  both the X and Y chromosomes tend to break when prepared for microscopy. 
D)  all people who carry the gene that causes the syndrome are mentally retarded. 
E)  the basic pattern of inheritance is autosomal dominant. 
A)  females are affected more severely than males. 
B)  a short sequence of DNA is repeated many times to create the fragile site. 
C)  both the X and Y chromosomes tend to break when prepared for microscopy. 
D)  all people who carry the gene that causes the syndrome are mentally retarded. 
E)  the basic pattern of inheritance is autosomal dominant.

Question 2

The goal of _______ is to insert a gene that will be expressed in the host.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The goal of _______ is to insert...

Question 3

Fragile-X syndrome is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  a single base change in the DNA. 
B)  the changing of a valine into a glutamic acid. 
C)  triplet expansion. 
D)  a chromosomal translocation. 
E)  nondisjunction of the X chromosome in meiosis. 
A)  a single base change in the DNA. 
B)  the changing of a valine into a glutamic acid. 
C)  triplet expansion. 
D)  a chromosomal translocation. 
E)  nondisjunction of the X chromosome in meiosis.

Question 4

Which of the following enzymes are used by bacteria to defend themselves against bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  Reverse transcriptase 
C)  Phosphofructokinase 
D)  Restriction endonuclease 
E)  None of the above 
A)  DNA polymerase 
B)  Reverse transcriptase 
C)  Phosphofructokinase 
D)  Restriction endonuclease 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

When a gene that has been mutated is expressed, the resulting protein may misfold and be nonfunctional. How is a misfolded protein (due to a mutation) different from a misfolded prion protein?

Accepted Answer

The misfolding of a prion prot

Question 6

Mutational "hot spots" often occur when a methyl group has been added to

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine. 
B)  cytosine. 
C)  guanine. 
D)  thymine. 
E)  uracil. 
A)  adenine. 
B)  cytosine. 
C)  guanine. 
D)  thymine. 
E)  uracil.

Question 7

Phenylketonuria (PKU) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MD) are both molecular diseases that are caused by mutations in particular genes, yet PKU is easier to treat than MD. Why?

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria is a metabolic disease t

Question 8

Which of the following statements about DNA fingerprinting is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  To date, DNA fingerprinting has been used forensically to prove guilt more often than it has been used to prove innocence. 
B)  DNA fingerprinting cannot be used on skeletons over 50 years old. 
C)  DNA fingerprinting examines just a small fraction of the genome. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  To date, DNA fingerprinting has been used forensically to prove guilt more often than it has been used to prove innocence. 
B)  DNA fingerprinting cannot be used on skeletons over 50 years old. 
C)  DNA fingerprinting examines just a small fraction of the genome. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 9

What is the most likely explanation for the light skin and hair of people with PKU?

Accepted Answer

A)  Too much phenylalanine interferes with the production of melanin. 
B)  Their expression levels of the genes that produce melanin are low. 
C)  They cannot adequately synthesize tyrosine, an important precursor of melanin. 
D)  Melanin is broken down by excess phenylalanine. 
E)  Phenylalanine interferes with the transport of melanin to the appropriate location. 
A)  Too much phenylalanine interferes with the production of melanin. 
B)  Their expression levels of the genes that produce melanin are low. 
C)  They cannot adequately synthesize tyrosine, an important precursor of melanin. 
D)  Melanin is broken down by excess phenylalanine. 
E)  Phenylalanine interferes with the transport of melanin to the appropriate location.

Question 10

The TP53 gene normally functions to inhibit the cell cycle. If a gain of function missense mutation occurs in the TP53 gene, the mutated TP53 gene will _______ (inhibit or promote) the cell cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The TP53 gene normally functions to inhibit...

Question 11

Bacterial restriction endonucleases provide a type or "immunity" to viral infections. Describe how these endonucleases protect the bacterial cell from viral infections.

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonucleases will cut DNA a

Question 12

People with sickle-cell disease have a(n) _______ abnormality.

Accepted Answer

A)  phenylalanine hydrolyase 
B)  oncogene 
C)  cholesterol transport 
D)  hemoglobin 
E)  None of the above 
A)  phenylalanine hydrolyase 
B)  oncogene 
C)  cholesterol transport 
D)  hemoglobin 
E)  None of the above

Question 13

Mutations that exhibit the altered phenotype under certain restrictive conditions are referred to as _______ mutations

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mutations that exhibit the altered phenotype under...

Question 14

Paul Hebert proposed using cytochrome oxidase in the DNA barcode project because it

Accepted Answer

A)  evolves slowly. 
B)  mutates readily. 
C)  is found in most organisms. 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  Both b and c 
A)  evolves slowly. 
B)  mutates readily. 
C)  is found in most organisms. 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  Both b and c

Question 15

Refer to the diagram below showing the RFLP patterns at a hypothetical locus in a family wherein some individuals develop high cholesterol. Immediately below the RFLP patterns are the cholesterol levels of each corresponding individual. What inferences can we draw from these results?

Accepted Answer

There is a striking association between

Question 16

Mutations are

Accepted Answer

A)  heritable changes in the sequence of DNA bases that produce an observable phenotype. 
B)  changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that is passed on from one organism to another. 
C)  mistakes in the incorporation of amino acids into proteins. 
D)  heritable changes in the mRNA of an organism. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  heritable changes in the sequence of DNA bases that produce an observable phenotype. 
B)  changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that is passed on from one organism to another. 
C)  mistakes in the incorporation of amino acids into proteins. 
D)  heritable changes in the mRNA of an organism. 
E)  None of the above

Question 17

Human genetic disease can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  an autosomal recessive trait. 
B)  translocations. 
C)  a deletion in a chromosome. 
D)  a mutant allele that is dominant to the wild-type allele. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  an autosomal recessive trait. 
B)  translocations. 
C)  a deletion in a chromosome. 
D)  a mutant allele that is dominant to the wild-type allele. 
E)  All of the above

Question 18

Allele-specific oligonucleotides

Accepted Answer

A)  should be tightly linked to the disease allele. 
B)  can be used to induce spontaneous mutations. 
C)  can detect a change in a restriction endonuclease pattern. 
D)  are used to detect mutations in protein. 
E)  a, c, and d 
A)  should be tightly linked to the disease allele. 
B)  can be used to induce spontaneous mutations. 
C)  can detect a change in a restriction endonuclease pattern. 
D)  are used to detect mutations in protein. 
E)  a, c, and d

Question 19

Individuals with the disease PKU cannot break down the amino acid _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals with the disease PKU cannot break...

Question 20

Some bacteria use _______ enzymes as a defense mechanism; these enzymes cut up foreign _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some bacteria use _______ enzymes as a...

Exam 15: Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

In fragile-X syndrome,

The goal of _______ is to insert a gene that will be expressed in the host.

Fragile-X syndrome is caused by

Which of the following enzymes are used by bacteria to defend themselves against bacteriophage?

When a gene that has been mutated is expressed, the resulting protein may misfold and be nonfunctional. How is a misfolded protein (due to a mutation) different from a misfolded prion protein?

Mutational "hot spots" often occur when a methyl group has been added to

Phenylketonuria (PKU) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MD) are both molecular diseases that are caused by mutations in particular genes, yet PKU is easier to treat than MD. Why?

Which of the following statements about DNA fingerprinting is true?

What is the most likely explanation for the light skin and hair of people with PKU?

The TP53 gene normally functions to inhibit the cell cycle. If a gain of function missense mutation occurs in the TP53 gene, the mutated TP53 gene will _______ (inhibit or promote) the cell cycle.

Bacterial restriction endonucleases provide a type or "immunity" to viral infections. Describe how these endonucleases protect the bacterial cell from viral infections.

People with sickle-cell disease have a(n) _______ abnormality.

Mutations that exhibit the altered phenotype under certain restrictive conditions are referred to as _______ mutations

Paul Hebert proposed using cytochrome oxidase in the DNA barcode project because it

Refer to the diagram below showing the RFLP patterns at a hypothetical locus in a family wherein some individuals develop high cholesterol. Immediately below the RFLP patterns are the cholesterol levels of each corresponding individual. What inferences can we draw from these results?

Mutations are

Human genetic disease can be caused by

Allele-specific oligonucleotides

Individuals with the disease PKU cannot break down the amino acid _______.

Some bacteria use _______ enzymes as a defense mechanism; these enzymes cut up foreign _______.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

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Some bacteria use _ enzymes as a defense mechanism; these enzymes cut up foreign _.