Question 1

Which of the following is not a way to treat a genetic disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibiting a harmful biochemical reaction 
B)  Adding the wild-type allele to cells expressing the mutation 
C)  Restricting the substrate of a harmful biochemical reaction 
D)  Replacing a mutant allele with the wild-type allele in the fertilized egg 
E)  Supplying a wild-type protein that is missing due to mutation 
A)  Inhibiting a harmful biochemical reaction 
B)  Adding the wild-type allele to cells expressing the mutation 
C)  Restricting the substrate of a harmful biochemical reaction 
D)  Replacing a mutant allele with the wild-type allele in the fertilized egg 
E)  Supplying a wild-type protein that is missing due to mutation

Question 2

Multifactorial (complex) diseases

Accepted Answer

A)  are less common than single-gene diseases. 
B)  involve the interaction of many genes with the environment. 
C)  affect less than 1 percent of humans. 
D)  involve the interactions of several mRNAs. 
E)  are exemplified by sickle-cell disease. 
A)  are less common than single-gene diseases. 
B)  involve the interaction of many genes with the environment. 
C)  affect less than 1 percent of humans. 
D)  involve the interactions of several mRNAs. 
E)  are exemplified by sickle-cell disease.

Question 3

Mutations of the gene for $\beta$-globin

Accepted Answer

A)  are usually lethal. 
B)  occur only at amino acid position 6. 
C)  number in the hundreds. 
D)  always result in sickling of red blood cells. 
E)  can always be detected by gel electrophoresis. 
A)  are usually lethal. 
B)  occur only at amino acid position 6. 
C)  number in the hundreds. 
D)  always result in sickling of red blood cells. 
E)  can always be detected by gel electrophoresis.

Question 4

Among the human genome's 2.3 billion base pairs, there are about 16,000 DNA-damaging events daily. About what percentage is repaired?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  60 percent 
E)  80 percent 
A)  10 percent 
B)  25 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  60 percent 
E)  80 percent

Question 5

The DNA barcode project has the potential to

Accepted Answer

A)  track species diversity in important ecological areas. 
B)  advance research in evolutionary biology. 
C)  detect undesirable microbes in food. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  track species diversity in important ecological areas. 
B)  advance research in evolutionary biology. 
C)  detect undesirable microbes in food. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 6

A change of glutamic acid to valine at the sixth position of the $\beta$-globin is responsible for _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A change of glutamic acid to valine...

Question 7

Which of the following is a palindromic recognition sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  5´. . . CAATAG . . . 3´ 
B)  5´. . . CAATTG . . . 3´ 
C)  5´. . . CATTTG . . . 3´ 
D)  5´. . . GATTTC . . . 3´ 
E)  5´. . . CATCAT . . . 3´ 
A)  5´. . . CAATAG . . . 3´ 
B)  5´. . . CAATTG . . . 3´ 
C)  5´. . . CATTTG . . . 3´ 
D)  5´. . . GATTTC . . . 3´ 
E)  5´. . . CATCAT . . . 3´

Question 8

Genetic markers must be polymorphic. Why is polymorphism an important characteristic of genetic markers?

Accepted Answer

A)  The various phenotypes help to identify the actual gene responsible for a genetic disease. 
B)  Polymorphisms provide biochemical and physiological information about the disease. 
C)  Knowledge of the gene sequence allows for identification of the protein. 
D)  Radioactive labels can be added for easy identification of the disease. 
E)  They can be easily visualized as bands on an electrophoresis gel. 
A)  The various phenotypes help to identify the actual gene responsible for a genetic disease. 
B)  Polymorphisms provide biochemical and physiological information about the disease. 
C)  Knowledge of the gene sequence allows for identification of the protein. 
D)  Radioactive labels can be added for easy identification of the disease. 
E)  They can be easily visualized as bands on an electrophoresis gel.

Question 9

DNA testing by allele-specific hybridization

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot detect genetic abnormalities in heterozygotes. 
B)  requires non-specific oligonucleotide probes. 
C)  requires PCR to amplify the gene in question. 
D)  requires that the mutation of the gene in question be in a restriction site. 
E)  is less precise than RFLP analysis. 
A)  cannot detect genetic abnormalities in heterozygotes. 
B)  requires non-specific oligonucleotide probes. 
C)  requires PCR to amplify the gene in question. 
D)  requires that the mutation of the gene in question be in a restriction site. 
E)  is less precise than RFLP analysis.

Question 10

The reference points for gene isolation are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reference points for gene isolation are...

Question 11

Which of the following treatments involves restricting the substrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of statin drugs to reduce cholesterol 
B)  Giving children with PKU Lofenalac instead of formula 
C)  Chemotherapy treatment with 5-fluorouracil 
D)  Chemotherapy treatment with arabinocytosine 
E)  Chemotherapy treatment with Taxol 
A)  Use of statin drugs to reduce cholesterol 
B)  Giving children with PKU Lofenalac instead of formula 
C)  Chemotherapy treatment with 5-fluorouracil 
D)  Chemotherapy treatment with arabinocytosine 
E)  Chemotherapy treatment with Taxol

Question 12

Which of the mutations below do you think would have the greatest effect on the activity of the mutant enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glutamate to lysine 
B)  Lysine to arginine 
C)  Glutamate to aspartate 
D)  Leucine to isoleucine 
E)  Serine to threonine 
A)  Glutamate to lysine 
B)  Lysine to arginine 
C)  Glutamate to aspartate 
D)  Leucine to isoleucine 
E)  Serine to threonine

Question 13

Single base changes in the coding regions of proteins can cause

Accepted Answer

A)  missense mutations. 
B)  nonsense mutations. 
C)  frame-shift mutations. 
D)  silent mutations. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  missense mutations. 
B)  nonsense mutations. 
C)  frame-shift mutations. 
D)  silent mutations. 
E)  All of the above

Question 14

Spontaneous mutations may be caused by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  a base, in its tautomer form, pairing incorrectly. 
B)  deamination, causing mismatched base pairs. 
C)  DNA polymerase making errors in base pairings. 
D)  free radicals changing the base structure so it is unrecognizable by DNA polymerase. 
E)  an occurence of nondisjunction. 
A)  a base, in its tautomer form, pairing incorrectly. 
B)  deamination, causing mismatched base pairs. 
C)  DNA polymerase making errors in base pairings. 
D)  free radicals changing the base structure so it is unrecognizable by DNA polymerase. 
E)  an occurence of nondisjunction.

Question 15

Prions

Accepted Answer

A)  cause scrapie in sheep. 
B)  are caused by abnormally folded proteins that interfere with normal brain-cell function. 
C)  cause "mad cow" disease. 
D)  are transmitted through the ingestion of infected tissue. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  cause scrapie in sheep. 
B)  are caused by abnormally folded proteins that interfere with normal brain-cell function. 
C)  cause "mad cow" disease. 
D)  are transmitted through the ingestion of infected tissue. 
E)  All of the above

Question 16

Stanley Prusiner received a Nobel Prize for

Accepted Answer

A)  showing that some oncogenes are transcription factors. 
B)  purifying the protein responsible for TSEs and showing that no nucleic acids were involved in the infectiousness of prion diseases. 
C)  discovering the protein responsible for cystic fibrosis. 
D)  sequencing the human genome with shotgun sequencing. 
E)  demonstrating that expanding triplet repeats are responsible for some diseases. 
A)  showing that some oncogenes are transcription factors. 
B)  purifying the protein responsible for TSEs and showing that no nucleic acids were involved in the infectiousness of prion diseases. 
C)  discovering the protein responsible for cystic fibrosis. 
D)  sequencing the human genome with shotgun sequencing. 
E)  demonstrating that expanding triplet repeats are responsible for some diseases.

Question 17

In sickle-cell disease, one amino acid is substituted for another. This type of mutation is referred to as a _______ mutation.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonsense 
B)  missense 
C)  frame-shift 
D)  temperature sensitive 
E)  silent 
A)  nonsense 
B)  missense 
C)  frame-shift 
D)  temperature sensitive 
E)  silent

Question 18

Current treatments for genetic diseases include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  restricting a dietary substrate. 
B)  replacing the mutant gene in all cells. 
C)  alleviating the patient's symptoms. 
D)  inhibiting a harmful metabolic reaction. 
E)  supplying a protein that is missing. 
A)  restricting a dietary substrate. 
B)  replacing the mutant gene in all cells. 
C)  alleviating the patient's symptoms. 
D)  inhibiting a harmful metabolic reaction. 
E)  supplying a protein that is missing.

Question 19

Fragile-X syndrome arises from an excessive number of triplet repeats of the sequence _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fragile-X syndrome arises from an excessive number...

Question 20

DNA, because it has a _______ charge, moves to the _______ end of the field in gel electrophoresis; _______ DNA molecules migrate the most quickly.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive; positive; smaller 
B)  positive; positive; larger 
C)  positive; negative; smaller 
D)  negative; positive; larger 
E)  negative; positive; smaller 
A)  positive; positive; smaller 
B)  positive; positive; larger 
C)  positive; negative; smaller 
D)  negative; positive; larger 
E)  negative; positive; smaller

Exam 15: Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Which of the following is not a way to treat a genetic disease?

Multifactorial (complex) diseases

Mutations of the gene for β\betaβ -globin

Among the human genome's 2.3 billion base pairs, there are about 16,000 DNA-damaging events daily. About what percentage is repaired?

The DNA barcode project has the potential to

A change of glutamic acid to valine at the sixth position of the β\betaβ -globin is responsible for _______.

Which of the following is a palindromic recognition sequence?

Genetic markers must be polymorphic. Why is polymorphism an important characteristic of genetic markers?

DNA testing by allele-specific hybridization

The reference points for gene isolation are called _______.

Which of the following treatments involves restricting the substrate?

Which of the mutations below do you think would have the greatest effect on the activity of the mutant enzymes?

Single base changes in the coding regions of proteins can cause

Spontaneous mutations may be caused by all of the following except

Prions

Stanley Prusiner received a Nobel Prize for

In sickle-cell disease, one amino acid is substituted for another. This type of mutation is referred to as a _______ mutation.

Current treatments for genetic diseases include all of the following except

Fragile-X syndrome arises from an excessive number of triplet repeats of the sequence _______.

DNA, because it has a _______ charge, moves to the _______ end of the field in gel electrophoresis; _______ DNA molecules migrate the most quickly.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

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Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

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Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

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Filters

Mutations of the gene for $\beta$ -globin

A change of glutamic acid to valine at the sixth position of the $\beta$ -globin is responsible for _______.

DNA, because it has a ___ charge, moves to the _ end of the field in gel electrophoresis; _____ DNA molecules migrate the most quickly.