Question 1

A DNA sequence, which can be distant from the gene, stimulates transcription when bound by a protein. This sequence is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  TATA box. 
B)  operon. 
C)  enhancer. 
D)  promoter. 
E)  consensus sequence. 
A)  TATA box. 
B)  operon. 
C)  enhancer. 
D)  promoter. 
E)  consensus sequence.

Question 2

DNA methylation

Accepted Answer

A)  is important in the development of mammalian embryos. 
B)  may repress the transcription of genes. 
C)  can play a role in some cancers. 
D)  is abundant in promoters. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  is important in the development of mammalian embryos. 
B)  may repress the transcription of genes. 
C)  can play a role in some cancers. 
D)  is abundant in promoters. 
E)  All of the above

Question 3

Viruses are composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acids only. 
B)  proteins only. 
C)  nucleic acids and proteins. 
D)  nucleic acids, proteins, and organelles. 
E)  nucleic acids and proteins, although a few also have organelles. 
A)  nucleic acids only. 
B)  proteins only. 
C)  nucleic acids and proteins. 
D)  nucleic acids, proteins, and organelles. 
E)  nucleic acids and proteins, although a few also have organelles.

Question 4

The DNA methylation pattern in sperm differs from that in eggs. The transcription of the gene that is methylated in eggs would be _______ , whereas that of its unmethylated counterpart in sperm would be _______. This phenomenon is called "_______."

Accepted Answer

A)  high; low; DNA footprinting 
B)  low; high; genomic imprinting 
C)  high; low; genomic imprinting 
D)  low; high; genetic imprinting 
E)  high; low; genetic imprinting 
A)  high; low; DNA footprinting 
B)  low; high; genomic imprinting 
C)  high; low; genomic imprinting 
D)  low; high; genetic imprinting 
E)  high; low; genetic imprinting

Question 5

Retroviruses and RNA viruses differ in that

Accepted Answer

A)  the viral genome of RNA viruses is translated directly by the host cell ribosomes. 
B)  a cDNA copy of the RNA virus genomes is made. 
C)  retroviruses often enter the lytic phase. 
D)  retroviruses do not have an RNA genome. 
E)  RNA viruses are often lysogenic. 
A)  the viral genome of RNA viruses is translated directly by the host cell ribosomes. 
B)  a cDNA copy of the RNA virus genomes is made. 
C)  retroviruses often enter the lytic phase. 
D)  retroviruses do not have an RNA genome. 
E)  RNA viruses are often lysogenic.

Question 6

The effects of Cro and cI on bacteriophage $\lambda$ are

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive. 
B)  cooperative. 
C)  coordinate. 
D)  inverted. 
E)  additive. 
A)  competitive. 
B)  cooperative. 
C)  coordinate. 
D)  inverted. 
E)  additive.

Question 7

How are inducible and repressible systems similar?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both control catabolic pathways. 
B)  They both control biosynthetic pathways. 
C)  In both systems the regulatory molecules function by binding to the operator. 
D)  They both block transcription. 
E)  Both systems are unique to prokaryotes. 
A)  They both control catabolic pathways. 
B)  They both control biosynthetic pathways. 
C)  In both systems the regulatory molecules function by binding to the operator. 
D)  They both block transcription. 
E)  Both systems are unique to prokaryotes.

Question 8

To be activated, the CRP must first bind

Accepted Answer

A)  the repressor molecule. 
B)  the repressor protein. 
C)  the activator protein. 
D)  the co-repressor molecule. 
E)  cAMP. 
A)  the repressor molecule. 
B)  the repressor protein. 
C)  the activator protein. 
D)  the co-repressor molecule. 
E)  cAMP.

Question 9

RNA-directed DNA synthesis is catalyzed by the viral enzyme _______.

Accepted Answer

reverse tr

Question 10

It is found that a certain enzyme is synthesized whenever the solution in which the cells are growing contains substance X. This phenomenon is most likely an example of _______ gene regulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  inducible 
C)  repressible 
D)  negative 
E)  positive-negative 
A)  positive 
B)  inducible 
C)  repressible 
D)  negative 
E)  positive-negative

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of regulation of eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron binding the repressor protein for the ferritin mRNA and increasing ferritin expression 
B)  Proteostome breakdown of protein-ubiquitin complexes 
C)  MicroRNAs binding their target mRNA and causing its degradation 
D)  Alternate splicing of an mRNA transcript 
E)  Activator proteins binding an enhancer 
A)  Iron binding the repressor protein for the ferritin mRNA and increasing ferritin expression 
B)  Proteostome breakdown of protein-ubiquitin complexes 
C)  MicroRNAs binding their target mRNA and causing its degradation 
D)  Alternate splicing of an mRNA transcript 
E)  Activator proteins binding an enhancer

Question 12

Which of the following is not a type of viral reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA virus in a lytic cycle 
B)  DNA virus in a lysogenic cycle 
C)  DNA virus (single-stranded) with a double-stranded DNA intermediate 
D)  RNA virus with reverse transcription to make cDNA 
E)  RNA virus acting as tRNA 
A)  DNA virus in a lytic cycle 
B)  DNA virus in a lysogenic cycle 
C)  DNA virus (single-stranded) with a double-stranded DNA intermediate 
D)  RNA virus with reverse transcription to make cDNA 
E)  RNA virus acting as tRNA

Question 13

Lytic bacterial viruses

Accepted Answer

A)  infect the cell, replicate their genomes, and lyse the cell. 
B)  infect the cell, replicate their genomes, transcribe and translate their genes, and lyse the cell. 
C)  infect the cell, replicate their genomes, transcribe and translate their genes, package those genomes into viral capsids, and lyse the cell. 
D)  infect the cell, transcribe and translate their RNA, replicate their genomes, package those genomes into viral capsids, and lyse the cell. 
E)  insert their chromosome into the host chromosome. 
A)  infect the cell, replicate their genomes, and lyse the cell. 
B)  infect the cell, replicate their genomes, transcribe and translate their genes, and lyse the cell. 
C)  infect the cell, replicate their genomes, transcribe and translate their genes, package those genomes into viral capsids, and lyse the cell. 
D)  infect the cell, transcribe and translate their RNA, replicate their genomes, package those genomes into viral capsids, and lyse the cell. 
E)  insert their chromosome into the host chromosome.

Question 14

Suppose that you are engineering a new plant in which gene Y will be activated under drought conditions. What kinds of DNA sequences need to be present to ensure activation of the gene under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

The plant will need stress response elem

Question 15

The switch from lysogeny to lysis in phage $\lambda$ (lambda)

Accepted Answer

A)  involves two proteins that act either as activators or repressors of the expression of specific genes. 
B)  requires host gene expression. 
C)  occurs when the host is growing poorly. 
D)  uses host promoters. 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  involves two proteins that act either as activators or repressors of the expression of specific genes. 
B)  requires host gene expression. 
C)  occurs when the host is growing poorly. 
D)  uses host promoters. 
E)  Both a and c

Question 16

An individual viral particle is known as a(n) _______ when it is outside its host.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An individual viral particle is known as...

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the lac operon is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  When lactose binds to the repressor, the repressor can no longer bind to the operator. 
B)  When lactose binds to the operator, transcription is stimulated. 
C)  When the repressor binds to the operator, transcription is inhibited. 
D)  When lactose binds to the repressor, the shape of the repressor is changed. 
E)  The repressor has binding sites for both DNA and lactose. 
A)  When lactose binds to the repressor, the repressor can no longer bind to the operator. 
B)  When lactose binds to the operator, transcription is stimulated. 
C)  When the repressor binds to the operator, transcription is inhibited. 
D)  When lactose binds to the repressor, the shape of the repressor is changed. 
E)  The repressor has binding sites for both DNA and lactose.

Question 18

Gene expression can be regulated

Accepted Answer

A)  before transcription. 
B)  during transcription and before translation. 
C)  during translation. 
D)  after translation. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  before transcription. 
B)  during transcription and before translation. 
C)  during translation. 
D)  after translation. 
E)  All of the above

Question 19

A chemical modification that adds methyl groups to cytosine residues in some genes acts to

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance transcription. 
B)  amplify the gene. 
C)  inactivate the gene. 
D)  stabilize the mRNA. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  enhance transcription. 
B)  amplify the gene. 
C)  inactivate the gene. 
D)  stabilize the mRNA. 
E)  None of the above

Question 20

A prokaryotic cell can control the amount of enzymes it produces by

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking transcription. 
B)  hydrolyzing the mRNA after it is made. 
C)  preventing translation of mRNA. 
D)  hydrolyzing the protein after translation. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  blocking transcription. 
B)  hydrolyzing the mRNA after it is made. 
C)  preventing translation of mRNA. 
D)  hydrolyzing the protein after translation. 
E)  All of the above

Exam 16: Regulation of Gene Expression

A DNA sequence, which can be distant from the gene, stimulates transcription when bound by a protein. This sequence is called a(n)

DNA methylation

Viruses are composed of

The DNA methylation pattern in sperm differs from that in eggs. The transcription of the gene that is methylated in eggs would be _______ , whereas that of its unmethylated counterpart in sperm would be _______. This phenomenon is called "_______."

Retroviruses and RNA viruses differ in that

The effects of Cro and cI on bacteriophage λ\lambdaλ are

How are inducible and repressible systems similar?

To be activated, the CRP must first bind

RNA-directed DNA synthesis is catalyzed by the viral enzyme _______.

It is found that a certain enzyme is synthesized whenever the solution in which the cells are growing contains substance X. This phenomenon is most likely an example of _______ gene regulation.

Which of the following is an example of regulation of eukaryotic transcription?

Which of the following is not a type of viral reproduction?

Lytic bacterial viruses

Suppose that you are engineering a new plant in which gene Y will be activated under drought conditions. What kinds of DNA sequences need to be present to ensure activation of the gene under these conditions?

The switch from lysogeny to lysis in phage λ\lambdaλ (lambda)

An individual viral particle is known as a(n) _______ when it is outside its host.

Which of the following statements about the lac operon is not true?

Gene expression can be regulated

A chemical modification that adds methyl groups to cytosine residues in some genes acts to

A prokaryotic cell can control the amount of enzymes it produces by

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

The DNA methylation pattern in sperm differs from that in eggs. The transcription of the gene that is methylated in eggs would be ___ , whereas that of its unmethylated counterpart in sperm would be _. This phenomenon is called "_____."

The effects of Cro and cI on bacteriophage $\lambda$ are

The switch from lysogeny to lysis in phage $\lambda$ (lambda)