Question 1

An inducer

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibits the synthesis of the needed enzyme(s). 
B)  stimulates the synthesis of the needed enzyme(s). 
C)  binds to the promoter and prevents the repressor from binding to the operator. 
D)  binds to the operator and prevents the repressor from binding at this site. 
E)  binds to the termination codons and allows protein synthesis to continue. 
A)  inhibits the synthesis of the needed enzyme(s). 
B)  stimulates the synthesis of the needed enzyme(s). 
C)  binds to the promoter and prevents the repressor from binding to the operator. 
D)  binds to the operator and prevents the repressor from binding at this site. 
E)  binds to the termination codons and allows protein synthesis to continue.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of both positive and negative gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  They reduce the rate of transcription of certain genes. 
B)  They involve regulatory proteins (or RN
A)  binding to DNA. 
C)  They involve transcription of all genes in the genome. 
D)  They are not both active in the same organism or virus. 
E)  They act away from the promoter. 
A)  They reduce the rate of transcription of certain genes. 
B)  They involve regulatory proteins (or RN
A)  binding to DNA. 
C)  They involve transcription of all genes in the genome. 
D)  They are not both active in the same organism or virus. 
E)  They act away from the promoter.

Question 3

An operon

Accepted Answer

A)  is regulated by a repressor binding at the promoter. 
B)  has structural genes that are all transcribed from same promoter. 
C)  has several promoters, but all of the structural genes are related biochemically. 
D)  is a set of structural genes that are all under the same translational regulation. 
E)  is transcribed when RNA polymerase binds the operator. 
A)  is regulated by a repressor binding at the promoter. 
B)  has structural genes that are all transcribed from same promoter. 
C)  has several promoters, but all of the structural genes are related biochemically. 
D)  is a set of structural genes that are all under the same translational regulation. 
E)  is transcribed when RNA polymerase binds the operator.

Question 4

Epigenetic changes

Accepted Answer

A)  can involve DNA methylation. 
B)  are due to nonhistone protein acetylation. 
C)  are due to changes in the genetic code. 
D)  are an example of positive control of translation. 
E)  are never reversible. 
A)  can involve DNA methylation. 
B)  are due to nonhistone protein acetylation. 
C)  are due to changes in the genetic code. 
D)  are an example of positive control of translation. 
E)  are never reversible.

Question 5

In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophage $\lambda$,

Accepted Answer

A)  a repressor, cI, blocks the lytic cycle. 
B)  the bacteriophage carries DNA between bacterial cells. 
C)  both early and late phage genes are transcribed. 
D)  the viral genome is made into RNA, which stays in the host cell. 
E)  many new viruses are made immediately, regardless of host health. 
A)  a repressor, cI, blocks the lytic cycle. 
B)  the bacteriophage carries DNA between bacterial cells. 
C)  both early and late phage genes are transcribed. 
D)  the viral genome is made into RNA, which stays in the host cell. 
E)  many new viruses are made immediately, regardless of host health.

Question 6

Heavily methylated genes tend to be _______ (active or inactive).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Heavily methylated genes tend to be _______...

Question 7

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in transcription in that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are three RNA polymerases in eukaryotes. 
B)  initiation of transcription is simpler in prokaryotes. 
C)  structural genes for a pathway are more likely to be clustered in prokaryotes. 
D)  eukaryotic promoters have a TATA box. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  there are three RNA polymerases in eukaryotes. 
B)  initiation of transcription is simpler in prokaryotes. 
C)  structural genes for a pathway are more likely to be clustered in prokaryotes. 
D)  eukaryotic promoters have a TATA box. 
E)  All of the above

Question 8

For the bacteriophage $\lambda$, the "decision" to become a prophage is made

Accepted Answer

A)  if environmental resources (e.g., food) for the host are limited. 
B)  when the Cro protein binds the promoter. 
C)  when the cI protein binds the promoter. 
D)  when bacterial lysis occurs. 
E)  at the end of the lytic infection. 
A)  if environmental resources (e.g., food) for the host are limited. 
B)  when the Cro protein binds the promoter. 
C)  when the cI protein binds the promoter. 
D)  when bacterial lysis occurs. 
E)  at the end of the lytic infection.

Question 9

If each interphase nucleus in a preparation of normal rat epithelial cells is found to contain a single Barr body, one can conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  the cells are in meiotic prophase. 
B)  all of the chromatin in these cells is inactive. 
C)  the DNA in these cells has replicated. 
D)  the cells are not transcribing any genes. 
E)  the cells came from a female rat. 
A)  the cells are in meiotic prophase. 
B)  all of the chromatin in these cells is inactive. 
C)  the DNA in these cells has replicated. 
D)  the cells are not transcribing any genes. 
E)  the cells came from a female rat.

Question 10

Heterochromatin

Accepted Answer

A)  contains poly A tails. 
B)  is rarely transcribed. 
C)  does not contain any DNA. 
D)  is not replicated during the S phase. 
E)  is found only in prokaryotes. 
A)  contains poly A tails. 
B)  is rarely transcribed. 
C)  does not contain any DNA. 
D)  is not replicated during the S phase. 
E)  is found only in prokaryotes.

Question 11

The expression of some genes can be regulated in part by the pattern of RNA splicing. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA methylation. 
B)  transcriptional regulation. 
C)  catalytic RNA activity. 
D)  posttranscriptional control. 
E)  the endosymbiotic theory. 
A)  DNA methylation. 
B)  transcriptional regulation. 
C)  catalytic RNA activity. 
D)  posttranscriptional control. 
E)  the endosymbiotic theory.

Question 12

Some metabolic pathways are regulated in part by changes in the rate of degradation of key enzymes. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  operon control. 
B)  transcriptional control. 
C)  liquid hybridization. 
D)  feedback inhibition. 
E)  posttranslational control. 
A)  operon control. 
B)  transcriptional control. 
C)  liquid hybridization. 
D)  feedback inhibition. 
E)  posttranslational control.

Question 13

The enzyme, reverse transcriptase,

Accepted Answer

A)  is absent in the assembled HIV. 
B)  is coded for by a gene in the host's genome. 
C)  does not require a template. 
D)  is present in the assembled HIV. 
E)  is needed for the replication of all RNA viruses. 
A)  is absent in the assembled HIV. 
B)  is coded for by a gene in the host's genome. 
C)  does not require a template. 
D)  is present in the assembled HIV. 
E)  is needed for the replication of all RNA viruses.

Question 14

RNA polymerase II by itself cannot bind to the chromosome and initiate transcription. It can bind and act only after regulatory proteins called _______ factors have been assembled.

Accepted Answer

A)  translation 
B)  posttranslation 
C)  initiation 
D)  transcription 
E)  None of the above 
A)  translation 
B)  posttranslation 
C)  initiation 
D)  transcription 
E)  None of the above

Question 15

Why are antibiotics useless in combating animal viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Most antibiotics attack bacterial cells

Question 16

The HIV virus that causes AIDS is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  arbovirus. 
B)  double-stranded DNA virus. 
C)  single-stranded DNA virus. 
D)  porcine virus. 
E)  retrovirus. 
A)  arbovirus. 
B)  double-stranded DNA virus. 
C)  single-stranded DNA virus. 
D)  porcine virus. 
E)  retrovirus.

Question 17

The genes that encode repressor proteins are

Accepted Answer

A)  repressor genes. 
B)  operons. 
C)  inducer genes. 
D)  regulatory genes. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  repressor genes. 
B)  operons. 
C)  inducer genes. 
D)  regulatory genes. 
E)  None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the globin genes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Different genes are expressed during different stages of prenatal development. 
B)  Only one copy is functional. 
C)  The lengths of the mRNAs are very different for different genes. 
D)  They are the result of differential posttranscriptional splicing. 
E)  The transcripts are longer than the coding regions. 
A)  Different genes are expressed during different stages of prenatal development. 
B)  Only one copy is functional. 
C)  The lengths of the mRNAs are very different for different genes. 
D)  They are the result of differential posttranscriptional splicing. 
E)  The transcripts are longer than the coding regions.

Question 19

The basic viral unit is the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The basic viral unit is the _______....

Question 20

Structural genes

Accepted Answer

A)  code for structural proteins. 
B)  are regulatory regions of DNA. 
C)  specify the primary structure (amino acid sequence) of proteins. 
D)  are always constitutively expressed. 
E)  are absent in eukaryotes. 
A)  code for structural proteins. 
B)  are regulatory regions of DNA. 
C)  specify the primary structure (amino acid sequence) of proteins. 
D)  are always constitutively expressed. 
E)  are absent in eukaryotes.

Exam 16: Regulation of Gene Expression

An inducer

Which of the following is true of both positive and negative gene regulation?

An operon

Epigenetic changes

In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophage λ\lambdaλ ,

Heavily methylated genes tend to be _______ (active or inactive).

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in transcription in that

For the bacteriophage λ\lambdaλ , the "decision" to become a prophage is made

If each interphase nucleus in a preparation of normal rat epithelial cells is found to contain a single Barr body, one can conclude that

Heterochromatin

The expression of some genes can be regulated in part by the pattern of RNA splicing. This is an example of

Some metabolic pathways are regulated in part by changes in the rate of degradation of key enzymes. This is an example of

The enzyme, reverse transcriptase,

RNA polymerase II by itself cannot bind to the chromosome and initiate transcription. It can bind and act only after regulatory proteins called _______ factors have been assembled.

Why are antibiotics useless in combating animal viral infections?

The HIV virus that causes AIDS is a(n)

The genes that encode repressor proteins are

Which of the following statements about the globin genes is true?

The basic viral unit is the _______.

Structural genes

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

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Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

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Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

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Differential Gene Expression in Development

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The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

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In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophage $\lambda$ ,

For the bacteriophage $\lambda$ , the "decision" to become a prophage is made