Question 1

The term "lysogeny" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the stable integration of bacteriophage DNA into the bacterial chromosome. 
B)  the excision of bacteriophage DNA from the bacterial chromosome. 
C)  the lysing of a bacterium by a bacteriophage. 
D)  mutation induced by a bacteriophage. 
E)  exchange of genetic material between a bacteriophage and a bacterium. 
A)  the stable integration of bacteriophage DNA into the bacterial chromosome. 
B)  the excision of bacteriophage DNA from the bacterial chromosome. 
C)  the lysing of a bacterium by a bacteriophage. 
D)  mutation induced by a bacteriophage. 
E)  exchange of genetic material between a bacteriophage and a bacterium.

Question 2

Bacteriophage DNA that is stably integrated into a bacterial chromosome is called a _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacteriophage DNA that is stably integrated into...

Question 3

The transfer of genes by a bacteriophage vector characterizes which type of gene transfer in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transformation 
B)  Conjugation 
C)  Transduction 
D)  Transference 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Transformation 
B)  Conjugation 
C)  Transduction 
D)  Transference 
E)  None of the above

Question 4

Research on E. coli indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose is the preferred energy source. 
B)  glucose is the preferred energy source. 
C)  lactose and glucose are used equally as an energy source. 
D)  $\beta$-galactosidase is required for glucose metabolism. 
E)  three different proteins are synthesized when glucose is present. 
A)  lactose is the preferred energy source. 
B)  glucose is the preferred energy source. 
C)  lactose and glucose are used equally as an energy source. 
D)  $\beta$-galactosidase is required for glucose metabolism. 
E)  three different proteins are synthesized when glucose is present.

Question 5

A _______ consists of complementary DNA transcribed from an RNA genome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A _______ consists of complementary DNA transcribed...

Question 6

Alternative splicing helps to explain

Accepted Answer

A)  the small number of genes in the human genome. 
B)  the differences in complexity among organisms. 
C)  why there are more mRNAs than human genes. 
D)  the great variety in proteins. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  the small number of genes in the human genome. 
B)  the differences in complexity among organisms. 
C)  why there are more mRNAs than human genes. 
D)  the great variety in proteins. 
E)  All of the above

Question 7

Transcription factors

Accepted Answer

A)  have a particular motif that allows them to interact with mRNA. 
B)  assemble at the promoter to help translation begin. 
C)  mark particular proteins for degradation. 
D)  interact with RNA polymerase to initiate transcription. 
E)  help stabilize the mRNAs in the cytoplasm. 
A)  have a particular motif that allows them to interact with mRNA. 
B)  assemble at the promoter to help translation begin. 
C)  mark particular proteins for degradation. 
D)  interact with RNA polymerase to initiate transcription. 
E)  help stabilize the mRNAs in the cytoplasm.

Question 8

In eukaryotic cells, promoters are

Accepted Answer

A)  transcribed. 
B)  transcribed and translated. 
C)  neither transcribed nor translated. 
D)  transcribed and then removed. 
E)  sequences of RNA that are spliced out. 
A)  transcribed. 
B)  transcribed and translated. 
C)  neither transcribed nor translated. 
D)  transcribed and then removed. 
E)  sequences of RNA that are spliced out.

Question 9

DNA in eukaryotes is wrapped around special proteins to form structures that look like beads on a string. These structures are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DNA in eukaryotes is wrapped around special...

Question 10

The site on the operon DNA where a repressor binds is called the _______ sequence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The site on the operon DNA where...

Question 11

Expression of some eukaryotic genes can be regulated by translational control. One advantage of translational control is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  provides a means for rapid change in protein concentrations. 
B)  prevents synthesis of excess RNA. 
C)  directs proteins to their proper subcellular location. 
D)  occurs only in zygotes. 
E)  degrades proteins that are no longer needed. 
A)  provides a means for rapid change in protein concentrations. 
B)  prevents synthesis of excess RNA. 
C)  directs proteins to their proper subcellular location. 
D)  occurs only in zygotes. 
E)  degrades proteins that are no longer needed.

Question 12

Genes that specify the primary structure of a protein are called _______ genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Genes that specify the primary structure of...

Question 13

Transcription factors are

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA sequences that bind to RNA polymerase. 
B)  DNA sequences that regulate transcription. 
C)  proteins that bind to the DNA promoter sequence. 
D)  polysaccharides that bind to the transcripts. 
E)  factors that bind to enhancers. 
A)  RNA sequences that bind to RNA polymerase. 
B)  DNA sequences that regulate transcription. 
C)  proteins that bind to the DNA promoter sequence. 
D)  polysaccharides that bind to the transcripts. 
E)  factors that bind to enhancers.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about $\beta$-globin production is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  A translational repressor protein binds to the $\beta$-globin and prevents ribosomes from attaching. 
B)  Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA results in the production of several different $\beta$-globins. 
C)  Transcription of the $\beta$-globin gene is determined by transcription factors, regulators, enhancers, activators, silencers, and repressors. 
D)  Ubiquitin forms a complex with the $\beta$-globin that causes its premature breakdown. 
E)  The 5´ guanosine cap added to the mRNA is the location where RNA polymerase initiates transcription. 
A)  A translational repressor protein binds to the $\beta$-globin and prevents ribosomes from attaching. 
B)  Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA results in the production of several different $\beta$-globins. 
C)  Transcription of the $\beta$-globin gene is determined by transcription factors, regulators, enhancers, activators, silencers, and repressors. 
D)  Ubiquitin forms a complex with the $\beta$-globin that causes its premature breakdown. 
E)  The 5´ guanosine cap added to the mRNA is the location where RNA polymerase initiates transcription.

Question 15

In eukaryotic cells, a negative regulator or silencer

Accepted Answer

A)  is made of DNA. 
B)  binds to the enhancer region to block transcription. 
C)  is located both upstream and downstream from the promoter. 
D)  binds to the operator to block RNA polymerase. 
E)  binds to a repressor protein to reduce transcription rates. 
A)  is made of DNA. 
B)  binds to the enhancer region to block transcription. 
C)  is located both upstream and downstream from the promoter. 
D)  binds to the operator to block RNA polymerase. 
E)  binds to a repressor protein to reduce transcription rates.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about histone modifications is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They cause some genes to be transcriptionally activated. 
B)  They can result in the repression of gene transcription. 
C)  They are inherited from parental cells in a Mendelian fashion. 
D)  They cause Barr bodies to form. 
E)  All of the above are false. 
A)  They cause some genes to be transcriptionally activated. 
B)  They can result in the repression of gene transcription. 
C)  They are inherited from parental cells in a Mendelian fashion. 
D)  They cause Barr bodies to form. 
E)  All of the above are false.

Question 17

When the operator is unbound, the binding of the CRP-cAMP complex _______ the binding of RNA polymerase at the promoter.

Accepted Answer

A)  prevents 
B)  decreases 
C)  increases 
D)  blocks 
E)  All of the above are sometimes true, depending on the concentration of lactose. 
A)  prevents 
B)  decreases 
C)  increases 
D)  blocks 
E)  All of the above are sometimes true, depending on the concentration of lactose.

Question 18

Transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes can occur by

Accepted Answer

A)  a repressor binding an operator and preventing transcription. 
B)  an activator binding upstream from a promoter and positively affecting transcription. 
C)  different promoter sequences binding RNA polymerase more tightly, resulting in more effective transcriptional initiation. 
D)  the control of promoter efficiency. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  a repressor binding an operator and preventing transcription. 
B)  an activator binding upstream from a promoter and positively affecting transcription. 
C)  different promoter sequences binding RNA polymerase more tightly, resulting in more effective transcriptional initiation. 
D)  the control of promoter efficiency. 
E)  All of the above

Question 19

Imagine that the TATA box for gene X becomes highly methylated. How will this affect the expression of gene X?

Accepted Answer

A)  There will be no effect. 
B)  Gene X will be transcribed but not translated. 
C)  Gene X will be transcribed if the transcription factors receive the appropriate environmental signal. 
D)  Gene X will not be transcribed or translated. 
E)  Gene X will be transcribed if the histones become acetylated. 
A)  There will be no effect. 
B)  Gene X will be transcribed but not translated. 
C)  Gene X will be transcribed if the transcription factors receive the appropriate environmental signal. 
D)  Gene X will not be transcribed or translated. 
E)  Gene X will be transcribed if the histones become acetylated.

Question 20

In a stained preparation of epithelial cells from a female mammal, the highly condensed chromosome observable in interphase nuclei is the inactive X chromosome, or _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a stained preparation of epithelial cells...

Exam 16: Regulation of Gene Expression

The term "lysogeny" refers to

Bacteriophage DNA that is stably integrated into a bacterial chromosome is called a _______.

The transfer of genes by a bacteriophage vector characterizes which type of gene transfer in bacteria?

Research on E. coli indicates that

A _______ consists of complementary DNA transcribed from an RNA genome.

Alternative splicing helps to explain

Transcription factors

In eukaryotic cells, promoters are

DNA in eukaryotes is wrapped around special proteins to form structures that look like beads on a string. These structures are called _______.

The site on the operon DNA where a repressor binds is called the _______ sequence.

Expression of some eukaryotic genes can be regulated by translational control. One advantage of translational control is that it

Genes that specify the primary structure of a protein are called _______ genes.

Transcription factors are

Which of the following statements about β\betaβ -globin production is true?

In eukaryotic cells, a negative regulator or silencer

Which of the following statements about histone modifications is false?

When the operator is unbound, the binding of the CRP-cAMP complex _______ the binding of RNA polymerase at the promoter.

Transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes can occur by

Imagine that the TATA box for gene X becomes highly methylated. How will this affect the expression of gene X?

In a stained preparation of epithelial cells from a female mammal, the highly condensed chromosome observable in interphase nuclei is the inactive X chromosome, or _______.

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Which of the following statements about $\beta$ -globin production is true?