Question 1

Which of the following cell layers of the retina is responsible for producing action potentials that are sent to the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Horizontal 
B)  Pigmented 
C)  Bipolar 
D)  Amacrine 
E)  Ganglion 
A)  Horizontal 
B)  Pigmented 
C)  Bipolar 
D)  Amacrine 
E)  Ganglion

Question 2

In general, _______ are cells of the nervous system that transduce physical or chemical stimuli into signals that are transmitted to other parts of the nervous system for processing and interpretation.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory cells 
B)  effectors 
C)  glial cells of the blood-brain barrier 
D)  nuclei within the midbrain 
E)  None of the above 
A)  sensory cells 
B)  effectors 
C)  glial cells of the blood-brain barrier 
D)  nuclei within the midbrain 
E)  None of the above

Question 3

Which of the following sensory structures provides mammals with information about the position and orientation of the head?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eustachian tube 
B)  Cochlea 
C)  Semicircular canal 
D)  Lateral line 
E)  Tympanic membrane 
A)  Eustachian tube 
B)  Cochlea 
C)  Semicircular canal 
D)  Lateral line 
E)  Tympanic membrane

Question 4

The auditory function of the middle ear is to convert _______ pressure waves into _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  air; fluid pressure waves 
B)  fluid; air pressure waves 
C)  air; nerve impulses 
D)  fluid; nerve impulses 
E)  air; hair cell movements 
A)  air; fluid pressure waves 
B)  fluid; air pressure waves 
C)  air; nerve impulses 
D)  fluid; nerve impulses 
E)  air; hair cell movements

Question 5

Through which of the following cell layers must a photon of light pass before striking a cone cell in the eye of a human?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amacrine 
B)  Bipolar 
C)  Ganglion 
D)  Horizontal 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Amacrine 
B)  Bipolar 
C)  Ganglion 
D)  Horizontal 
E)  All of the above

Question 6

The ability of many sensory cells to ignore background or unchanging conditions while remaining sensitive to changes or new information is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability of many sensory cells to...

Question 7

Which statement about the cone cells in a human eye is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are responsible for our sharpest vision. 
B)  They are responsible for color vision. 
C)  They are more sensitive to light than rods are. 
D)  They are fewer in number than rods. 
E)  They exist in high numbers at the fovea. 
A)  They are responsible for our sharpest vision. 
B)  They are responsible for color vision. 
C)  They are more sensitive to light than rods are. 
D)  They are fewer in number than rods. 
E)  They exist in high numbers at the fovea.

Question 8

The three tiny bones of the middle ear transmit vibrations from the _______ to the oval window.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three tiny bones of the middle...

Question 9

Conduction deafness is caused by loss of function of

Accepted Answer

A)  the inner ear. 
B)  the eustachian tube. 
C)  the tympanic membrane and the middle ear ossicles. 
D)  hair cells in the organ of Corti. 
E)  the cochlea. 
A)  the inner ear. 
B)  the eustachian tube. 
C)  the tympanic membrane and the middle ear ossicles. 
D)  hair cells in the organ of Corti. 
E)  the cochlea.

Question 10

Which of the following represents the correct order of the flow of information in a stretch receptor that generates an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulus, ion channel, action potential, receptor protein, neurotransmitter release 
B)  Stimulus, neurotransmitter release, action potential, ion channel, receptor protein 
C)  Stimulus, receptor protein, ion channel, action potential, neurotransmitter release 
D)  Stimulus, action potential, neurotransmitter release, receptor protein, ion channel 
E)  Stimulus, receptor protein, action potential, neurotransmitter release, ion channel 
A)  Stimulus, ion channel, action potential, receptor protein, neurotransmitter release 
B)  Stimulus, neurotransmitter release, action potential, ion channel, receptor protein 
C)  Stimulus, receptor protein, ion channel, action potential, neurotransmitter release 
D)  Stimulus, action potential, neurotransmitter release, receptor protein, ion channel 
E)  Stimulus, receptor protein, action potential, neurotransmitter release, ion channel

Question 11

Which proteins signal ion channels in sensory cells to open or close, generating receptor potentials?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gated ion channels 
B)  Neurotransmitter receptors 
C)  Direct electrical depolarization 
D)  Membrane receptor proteins 
E)  Axons 
A)  Gated ion channels 
B)  Neurotransmitter receptors 
C)  Direct electrical depolarization 
D)  Membrane receptor proteins 
E)  Axons

Question 12

Gray squirrels are diurnal (active during the day) and southern flying squirrels are nocturnal (active at night). How would you expect their retinas to differ?

Accepted Answer

Cones are responsible for color vision.

Question 13

One of the best-studied examples of chemosensory receptors is Bombyx mori, a member of the _______ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  cephalopod 
B)  arthropod 
C)  chordate 
D)  ctenophore 
E)  annelid 
A)  cephalopod 
B)  arthropod 
C)  chordate 
D)  ctenophore 
E)  annelid

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the auditory functioning of the cochlea is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The flexing of the round window follows the flexing of the oval window in a delayed fashion. 
B)  The hair cells on the organ of Corti move against the rigid tectorial membrane. 
C)  The intensity of the sound determines how many hair cells will be stimulated. 
D)  The frequency of the sound determines which hair cells will be stimulated. 
E)  Lower frequency sounds result in the stimulation of hair cells closer to the round window. 
A)  The flexing of the round window follows the flexing of the oval window in a delayed fashion. 
B)  The hair cells on the organ of Corti move against the rigid tectorial membrane. 
C)  The intensity of the sound determines how many hair cells will be stimulated. 
D)  The frequency of the sound determines which hair cells will be stimulated. 
E)  Lower frequency sounds result in the stimulation of hair cells closer to the round window.

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding the stimulation of receptor proteins within plasma membranes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The receptor proteins of mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors are themselves the ion channels. 
B)  The receptor proteins of chemoreceptors and photoreceptors initiate biochemical cascades that eventually open and close ion channels. 
C)  Receptor proteins are integral to the sensory process. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  The receptor proteins of mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors are themselves the ion channels. 
B)  The receptor proteins of chemoreceptors and photoreceptors initiate biochemical cascades that eventually open and close ion channels. 
C)  Receptor proteins are integral to the sensory process. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 16

The activation of a rhodopsin molecule sets off a chain reaction that leads to the

Accepted Answer

A)  opening of a sodium channel. 
B)  closing of a large number of sodium channels. 
C)  formation of an activated phosphodiesterase molecule. 
D)  activation of a large number of transducin molecules. 
E)  activation of other rhodopsin molecules. 
A)  opening of a sodium channel. 
B)  closing of a large number of sodium channels. 
C)  formation of an activated phosphodiesterase molecule. 
D)  activation of a large number of transducin molecules. 
E)  activation of other rhodopsin molecules.

Question 17

Which of the following is a difference between rods and cones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cones are more sensitive at low light intensity. 
B)  Rods are responsible for color vision. 
C)  There are more cones than rods in the human retina. 
D)  Strictly nocturnal animals have more cones than rods. 
E)  In the fovea, the density of cones is greater than the density of rods. 
A)  Cones are more sensitive at low light intensity. 
B)  Rods are responsible for color vision. 
C)  There are more cones than rods in the human retina. 
D)  Strictly nocturnal animals have more cones than rods. 
E)  In the fovea, the density of cones is greater than the density of rods.

Question 18

Hawks are flying predators that need extreme visual acuity. They catch most of their prey during the day, so their eyes have more _______ than human eyes.

Accepted Answer

A)  rods 
B)  white-reflective areas 
C)  corneal lenses 
D)  cones 
E)  retinal nerves 
A)  rods 
B)  white-reflective areas 
C)  corneal lenses 
D)  cones 
E)  retinal nerves

Question 19

What is the physiological basis for the auditory system's ability to distinguish different sound frequencies?

Accepted Answer

A)  The three bones of the middle ear respond differentially. 
B)  The loops of the semicircular canals respond differentially. 
C)  The oval window and round window respond differentially. 
D)  Different sections of the basilar membrane respond differentially. 
E)  Individual hair cells have different peak frequency responses. 
A)  The three bones of the middle ear respond differentially. 
B)  The loops of the semicircular canals respond differentially. 
C)  The oval window and round window respond differentially. 
D)  Different sections of the basilar membrane respond differentially. 
E)  Individual hair cells have different peak frequency responses.

Question 20

Which of the following animals changes the shape of its lens to focus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fishes 
B)  Reptiles 
C)  Amphibians 
D)  Mammals 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Fishes 
B)  Reptiles 
C)  Amphibians 
D)  Mammals 
E)  All of the above

Exam 46: Sensory Systems

Which of the following cell layers of the retina is responsible for producing action potentials that are sent to the brain?

In general, _______ are cells of the nervous system that transduce physical or chemical stimuli into signals that are transmitted to other parts of the nervous system for processing and interpretation.

Which of the following sensory structures provides mammals with information about the position and orientation of the head?

The auditory function of the middle ear is to convert _______ pressure waves into _______.

Through which of the following cell layers must a photon of light pass before striking a cone cell in the eye of a human?

The ability of many sensory cells to ignore background or unchanging conditions while remaining sensitive to changes or new information is called _______.

Which statement about the cone cells in a human eye is not true?

The three tiny bones of the middle ear transmit vibrations from the _______ to the oval window.

Conduction deafness is caused by loss of function of

Which of the following represents the correct order of the flow of information in a stretch receptor that generates an action potential?

Which proteins signal ion channels in sensory cells to open or close, generating receptor potentials?

Gray squirrels are diurnal (active during the day) and southern flying squirrels are nocturnal (active at night). How would you expect their retinas to differ?

One of the best-studied examples of chemosensory receptors is Bombyx mori, a member of the _______ group.

Which of the following statements about the auditory functioning of the cochlea is false?

Which of the following statements regarding the stimulation of receptor proteins within plasma membranes is true?

The activation of a rhodopsin molecule sets off a chain reaction that leads to the

Which of the following is a difference between rods and cones?

Hawks are flying predators that need extreme visual acuity. They catch most of their prey during the day, so their eyes have more _______ than human eyes.

What is the physiological basis for the auditory system's ability to distinguish different sound frequencies?

Which of the following animals changes the shape of its lens to focus?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

The auditory function of the middle ear is to convert _ pressure waves into _.