Question 1

The living cells of bone that are responsible for the remodeling of bone structure are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The living cells of bone that are...

Question 2

The striated appearance of skeletal muscle is due to the

Accepted Answer

A)  dark color of myosin. 
B)  multiple nuclei per fiber. 
C)  regular arrangement of filaments. 
D)  dense array of microtubules. 
E)  dense packing of ATP molecules. 
A)  dark color of myosin. 
B)  multiple nuclei per fiber. 
C)  regular arrangement of filaments. 
D)  dense array of microtubules. 
E)  dense packing of ATP molecules.

Question 3

An annelid moves by

Accepted Answer

A)  stretching its longitudinal muscles and pushing its fluid-filled body cavity forward. 
B)  forming pseudopods. 
C)  ciliary movement. 
D)  alternating contractions of longitudinal and circular muscles. 
E)  contraction of circular muscles, which puts pressure on the hydrostatic skeleton and causes it to extend. 
A)  stretching its longitudinal muscles and pushing its fluid-filled body cavity forward. 
B)  forming pseudopods. 
C)  ciliary movement. 
D)  alternating contractions of longitudinal and circular muscles. 
E)  contraction of circular muscles, which puts pressure on the hydrostatic skeleton and causes it to extend.

Question 4

When troponin binds calcium,

Accepted Answer

A)  it allows tropomyosin to bind actin. 
B)  ion channels open, and sodium rushes into the muscle cells. 
C)  it changes conformation, twisting tropomyosin and exposing the actin-myosin binding site. 
D)  it changes conformation, exposing the ATP binding site and allowing the actin-myosin bond to break. 
E)  calmodulin binds to calcium and starts a cascade by activating myosin kinase. 
A)  it allows tropomyosin to bind actin. 
B)  ion channels open, and sodium rushes into the muscle cells. 
C)  it changes conformation, twisting tropomyosin and exposing the actin-myosin binding site. 
D)  it changes conformation, exposing the ATP binding site and allowing the actin-myosin bond to break. 
E)  calmodulin binds to calcium and starts a cascade by activating myosin kinase.

Question 5

An individual sarcomere unit consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  a stack of actin fibers. 
B)  a stack of myosin units. 
C)  overlapping actin and membrane. 
D)  overlapping myosin and membrane. 
E)  overlapping actin and myosin. 
A)  a stack of actin fibers. 
B)  a stack of myosin units. 
C)  overlapping actin and membrane. 
D)  overlapping myosin and membrane. 
E)  overlapping actin and myosin.

Question 6

What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  It stores Ca2+ ions for release during contraction. 
B)  It surrounds and protects the muscle filaments. 
C)  It provides sites of ATP synthesis. 
D)  It depolarizes when stimulated by an impulse. 
E)  It synthesizes actin and myosin filaments. 
A)  It stores Ca2+ ions for release during contraction. 
B)  It surrounds and protects the muscle filaments. 
C)  It provides sites of ATP synthesis. 
D)  It depolarizes when stimulated by an impulse. 
E)  It synthesizes actin and myosin filaments.

Question 7

The amount of force a sarcomere can generate depends on its _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The amount of force a sarcomere can...

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the correct muscle type from the list below with each description that follows. Each term may be used more than once.
-Which muscle type has the least regular arrangements of actin and myosin?

Accepted Answer

A) Smooth 
B) Cardiac 
C) Skeletal 
A) Smooth 
B) Cardiac 
C) Skeletal

Question 9

Tropomyosin is moved by which of the following proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calmodulin 
B)  Acetylcholine 
C)  Actin 
D)  Troponin 
E)  Titin 
A)  Calmodulin 
B)  Acetylcholine 
C)  Actin 
D)  Troponin 
E)  Titin

Question 10

Earthworms have a hydrostatic skeleton. Describe how a hydrostatic skeleton is used to move an earthworm through the soil.

Accepted Answer

The hydrostatic skeleton of the earthwor

Question 11

Which of the following represents the major difference between strength training and aerobic exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only strength training increases endurance by creating more muscle fibers. 
B)  Only aerobic exercise increases the size of muscle fibers. 
C)  Only strength training increases the production of myoglobin. 
D)  Only aerobic exercise increases the oxidative capacity of muscles. 
E)  Only strength training increases the density of capillaries delivering oxygen to the muscles. 
A)  Only strength training increases endurance by creating more muscle fibers. 
B)  Only aerobic exercise increases the size of muscle fibers. 
C)  Only strength training increases the production of myoglobin. 
D)  Only aerobic exercise increases the oxidative capacity of muscles. 
E)  Only strength training increases the density of capillaries delivering oxygen to the muscles.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  In humans, cartilage is the principal component of the embryonic skeleton. 
B)  Some vertebrates retain a cartilaginous endoskeleton into adulthood. 
C)  Cancellous bone has numerous cavities. 
D)  Physical stress on bones causes them to become thinner. 
E)  Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone regulate the deposition of calcium in bone. 
A)  In humans, cartilage is the principal component of the embryonic skeleton. 
B)  Some vertebrates retain a cartilaginous endoskeleton into adulthood. 
C)  Cancellous bone has numerous cavities. 
D)  Physical stress on bones causes them to become thinner. 
E)  Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone regulate the deposition of calcium in bone.

Question 13

An action potential spreading through the muscle fiber causes a minimal contraction known as a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An action potential spreading through the muscle...

Question 14

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Strength training induces the formation of new actin and myosin filaments in existing muscle fibers. 
B)  Satellite cells are muscle stem cells. 
C)  Aerobic exercise increases the number of mitochondria in muscle cells and the density of capillaries in muscle. 
D)  A common effect of strength training is the production of more muscle fibers. 
E)  Aerobic exercise increases myoglobin in skeletal muscle cells. 
A)  Strength training induces the formation of new actin and myosin filaments in existing muscle fibers. 
B)  Satellite cells are muscle stem cells. 
C)  Aerobic exercise increases the number of mitochondria in muscle cells and the density of capillaries in muscle. 
D)  A common effect of strength training is the production of more muscle fibers. 
E)  Aerobic exercise increases myoglobin in skeletal muscle cells.

Question 15

Flexor and extensor muscles work _______ to operate the joint.

Accepted Answer

A)  synergistically 
B)  antagonistically 
C)  separately 
D)  consecutively 
E)  end-to-end 
A)  synergistically 
B)  antagonistically 
C)  separately 
D)  consecutively 
E)  end-to-end

Question 16

Satellite cells

Accepted Answer

A)  communicate a muscle fiber's need for more O2. 
B)  lie in a ring around the muscle fibers, absorbing their metabolic waste. 
C)  produce new muscle fibers. 
D)  move through the fibers, providing ATP where its most needed. 
E)  are phagocytic, watching for and then attacking pathogens in the muscle fiber. 
A)  communicate a muscle fiber's need for more O2. 
B)  lie in a ring around the muscle fibers, absorbing their metabolic waste. 
C)  produce new muscle fibers. 
D)  move through the fibers, providing ATP where its most needed. 
E)  are phagocytic, watching for and then attacking pathogens in the muscle fiber.

Question 17

Osteoblasts cause bone to grow by

Accepted Answer

A)  laying down new matrix until they are surrounded. 
B)  increasing the number of cells within the matrix. 
C)  laying down new matrix on bone surface. 
D)  tearing down old bone and depositing new bone. 
E)  tearing down old cartilage and depositing new bone. 
A)  laying down new matrix until they are surrounded. 
B)  increasing the number of cells within the matrix. 
C)  laying down new matrix on bone surface. 
D)  tearing down old bone and depositing new bone. 
E)  tearing down old cartilage and depositing new bone.

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the correct muscle type from the list below with each description that follows. Each term may be used more than once.
-Which muscle type is multinucleated?

Accepted Answer

A) Smooth 
B) Cardiac 
C) Skeletal 
A) Smooth 
B) Cardiac 
C) Skeletal

Question 19

Cells in _______ muscle tissue are joined by intercalated discs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cells in _______ muscle tissue are joined...

Question 20

A person born with a(n) _______ is unlikely to become a champion marathon runner.

Accepted Answer

A)  high proportion of fast-twitch fibers 
B)  low proportion of fast-twitch fibers 
C)  high proportion of slow-twitch fibers 
D)  low proportion of slow-twitch fibers 
E)  equal ratio of slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers 
A)  high proportion of fast-twitch fibers 
B)  low proportion of fast-twitch fibers 
C)  high proportion of slow-twitch fibers 
D)  low proportion of slow-twitch fibers 
E)  equal ratio of slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers

Exam 48: Musculoskeletal Systems

The living cells of bone that are responsible for the remodeling of bone structure are called _______.

The striated appearance of skeletal muscle is due to the

An annelid moves by

When troponin binds calcium,

An individual sarcomere unit consists of

What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

The amount of force a sarcomere can generate depends on its _______.

Use the following to answer questions: Match the correct muscle type from the list below with each description that follows. Each term may be used more than once. -Which muscle type has the least regular arrangements of actin and myosin?

Tropomyosin is moved by which of the following proteins?

Earthworms have a hydrostatic skeleton. Describe how a hydrostatic skeleton is used to move an earthworm through the soil.

Which of the following represents the major difference between strength training and aerobic exercise?

Which of the following statements is false?

An action potential spreading through the muscle fiber causes a minimal contraction known as a(n) _______.

Which of the following statements is false?

Flexor and extensor muscles work _______ to operate the joint.

Satellite cells

Osteoblasts cause bone to grow by

Use the following to answer questions: Match the correct muscle type from the list below with each description that follows. Each term may be used more than once. -Which muscle type is multinucleated?

Cells in _______ muscle tissue are joined by intercalated discs.

A person born with a(n) _______ is unlikely to become a champion marathon runner.

Studying Life

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Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

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Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

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The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

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