Question 1

ATP provides the energy for muscle contraction by allowing for the

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of an action potential in the muscle cell. 
B)  breaking of actin-myosin bonds. 
C)  formation of actin-myosin bonds. 
D)  release of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  formation of T tubules. 
A)  formation of an action potential in the muscle cell. 
B)  breaking of actin-myosin bonds. 
C)  formation of actin-myosin bonds. 
D)  release of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  formation of T tubules.

Question 2

_______ complexes with calcium and acts as a second messenger in smooth muscle cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosin 
B)  Actin 
C)  Troponin 
D)  cAMP 
E)  Calmodulin 
A)  Myosin 
B)  Actin 
C)  Troponin 
D)  cAMP 
E)  Calmodulin

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the effect of aerobic exercise on muscles is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aerobic exercise increases the size, rather than the number, of muscle fibers. 
B)  Aerobic exercise increases the number of mitochondria. 
C)  Aerobic exercise increases the enzymes involved in energy use. 
D)  Aerobic exercise increases the density of capillaries delivering oxygen to the muscles. 
E)  Aerobic exercise increases the production of myoglobin. 
A)  Aerobic exercise increases the size, rather than the number, of muscle fibers. 
B)  Aerobic exercise increases the number of mitochondria. 
C)  Aerobic exercise increases the enzymes involved in energy use. 
D)  Aerobic exercise increases the density of capillaries delivering oxygen to the muscles. 
E)  Aerobic exercise increases the production of myoglobin.

Question 4

A frog can jump _______ times its body length, a human can jump _______ times his or her body length, and a flea can jump _______ times its body length.

Accepted Answer

A)  20; 5; 200 
B)  6.5; 7.4; 1.2 
C)  5; 20; 200 
D)  200; 5; 20 
E)  7.4; 6.5; 1.2 
A)  20; 5; 200 
B)  6.5; 7.4; 1.2 
C)  5; 20; 200 
D)  200; 5; 20 
E)  7.4; 6.5; 1.2

Question 5

Which statement about skeletons is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can consist of mostly cartilage. 
B)  Hydrostatic skeletons cannot be used for locomotion. 
C)  An advantage of exoskeletons is that they can continue to grow throughout the life of the animal. 
D)  External skeletons must remain flexible, so they never include calcium carbonate crystals, as bones do. 
E)  Internal skeletons consist of four different types of bone: compact, cancellous, membranous, and Haversian. 
A)  They can consist of mostly cartilage. 
B)  Hydrostatic skeletons cannot be used for locomotion. 
C)  An advantage of exoskeletons is that they can continue to grow throughout the life of the animal. 
D)  External skeletons must remain flexible, so they never include calcium carbonate crystals, as bones do. 
E)  Internal skeletons consist of four different types of bone: compact, cancellous, membranous, and Haversian.

Question 6

Refer to the diagram below. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Structure 1 has ATPase activity. 
B)  Structure 2 blocks sites where myosin can bind. 
C)  Structure 3 has one subunit that binds myosin. 
D)  Structure 4 shortens in length as the sarcomere contracts. 
E)  Structure 5 binds calcium. 
A)  Structure 1 has ATPase activity. 
B)  Structure 2 blocks sites where myosin can bind. 
C)  Structure 3 has one subunit that binds myosin. 
D)  Structure 4 shortens in length as the sarcomere contracts. 
E)  Structure 5 binds calcium.

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the correct muscle type from the list below with each description that follows. Each term may be used more than once.
-Which muscle type has gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

A) Smooth 
B) Cardiac 
C) Skeletal 
A) Smooth 
B) Cardiac 
C) Skeletal

Question 8

Vertebrate skeletal muscles are excitable cells because they

Accepted Answer

A)  can be stimulated by ATP. 
B)  can be stimulated by an electric charge. 
C)  can secrete neurotransmitter. 
D)  possess voltage-gated sodium channels. 
E)  can attain a high level of activity. 
A)  can be stimulated by ATP. 
B)  can be stimulated by an electric charge. 
C)  can secrete neurotransmitter. 
D)  possess voltage-gated sodium channels. 
E)  can attain a high level of activity.

Question 9

In skeletal muscle, a single action potential causes a minimum unit of contraction called

Accepted Answer

A)  tetanus. 
B)  tension. 
C)  twitch. 
D)  summation. 
E)  tone. 
A)  tetanus. 
B)  tension. 
C)  twitch. 
D)  summation. 
E)  tone.

Question 10

Because the heartbeat is generated by the heart muscle itself, it is said to be _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because the heartbeat is generated by the...

Question 11

Which of the following represents the one similarity between fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Number of mitochondria 
B)  Amount of myoglobin 
C)  Amount of glycogen and fat 
D)  Number of neuromuscular junctions 
E)  Number of blood vessels 
A)  Number of mitochondria 
B)  Amount of myoglobin 
C)  Amount of glycogen and fat 
D)  Number of neuromuscular junctions 
E)  Number of blood vessels

Question 12

A flea manages to jump up to 200 times its body length by

Accepted Answer

A)  using very powerful muscles. 
B)  compressing an elastic material in its legs. 
C)  compressing water, which jets out of small holes in its carapace. 
D)  using vestigial wings to assist its muscles. 
E)  taking advantage of the shape of its carapace and gliding. 
A)  using very powerful muscles. 
B)  compressing an elastic material in its legs. 
C)  compressing water, which jets out of small holes in its carapace. 
D)  using vestigial wings to assist its muscles. 
E)  taking advantage of the shape of its carapace and gliding.

Question 13

Bone is continuously remodeled by _______ that lay down new bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoblasts 
B)  osteoclasts 
C)  cartilage 
D)  ligaments 
E)  joints 
A)  osteoblasts 
B)  osteoclasts 
C)  cartilage 
D)  ligaments 
E)  joints

Question 14

Migrating birds often cross the Gulf of Mexico in a single flight, and their flight muscles demand extreme endurance. An examination of the muscles used to perform this activity would show that they

Accepted Answer

A)  have substantial reserves of fuel. 
B)  have low levels of ATPase activity. 
C)  are well-supplied with blood vessels. 
D)  have many mitochondria. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  have substantial reserves of fuel. 
B)  have low levels of ATPase activity. 
C)  are well-supplied with blood vessels. 
D)  have many mitochondria. 
E)  All of the above

Question 15

Why are frogs better jumpers than humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frog leg muscles are stronger. 
B)  The tendons of frog legs are more elastic than human tendons. 
C)  Humans have longer strides that interfere with jumping movement. 
D)  Humans have more muscles in the leg than frogs, causing more contractions and less stretching of tendons. 
E)  Human tendons and muscles are static. 
A)  Frog leg muscles are stronger. 
B)  The tendons of frog legs are more elastic than human tendons. 
C)  Humans have longer strides that interfere with jumping movement. 
D)  Humans have more muscles in the leg than frogs, causing more contractions and less stretching of tendons. 
E)  Human tendons and muscles are static.

Question 16

The long bones of our arms and legs are strong and can resist both compressional and bending forces because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are solid rods of compact bone. 
B)  their extracellular matrix contains crystals of calcium carbonate. 
C)  their extracellular matrix consists mostly of collagen and polysaccharides. 
D)  they have a high density of osteoclasts. 
E)  they consist of lightweight cancellous bone with an internal meshwork of supporting elements. 
A)  they are solid rods of compact bone. 
B)  their extracellular matrix contains crystals of calcium carbonate. 
C)  their extracellular matrix consists mostly of collagen and polysaccharides. 
D)  they have a high density of osteoclasts. 
E)  they consist of lightweight cancellous bone with an internal meshwork of supporting elements.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiac muscle is striated. 
B)  Smooth muscle does not contain actin. 
C)  Skeletal muscle is considered voluntary. 
D)  Smooth muscle is found in the digestive tract and the walls of the bladder. 
E)  A single skeletal muscle cell has many nuclei. 
A)  Cardiac muscle is striated. 
B)  Smooth muscle does not contain actin. 
C)  Skeletal muscle is considered voluntary. 
D)  Smooth muscle is found in the digestive tract and the walls of the bladder. 
E)  A single skeletal muscle cell has many nuclei.

Question 18

Huxley and Huxley proposed the _______ model of muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Huxley and Huxley proposed the _______ model...

Question 19

The _______ ion plays a crucial role in muscle contraction by binding to troponin.

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  iron 
C)  potassium 
D)  sodium 
E)  magnesium 
A)  calcium 
B)  iron 
C)  potassium 
D)  sodium 
E)  magnesium

Question 20

Bone tissue consists of _______ cells in a matrix of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocyte; polysaccharide 
B)  osteocyte; collagen and calcium phosphate 
C)  osteocyte; myosin and actin 
D)  collagen; calcium phosphate 
E)  collagen; polysaccharide 
A)  osteocyte; polysaccharide 
B)  osteocyte; collagen and calcium phosphate 
C)  osteocyte; myosin and actin 
D)  collagen; calcium phosphate 
E)  collagen; polysaccharide

Exam 48: Musculoskeletal Systems

ATP provides the energy for muscle contraction by allowing for the

_______ complexes with calcium and acts as a second messenger in smooth muscle cells.

Which of the following statements about the effect of aerobic exercise on muscles is false?

A frog can jump _______ times its body length, a human can jump _______ times his or her body length, and a flea can jump _______ times its body length.

Which statement about skeletons is true?

Refer to the diagram below. Which of the following statements is true?

Use the following to answer questions: Match the correct muscle type from the list below with each description that follows. Each term may be used more than once. -Which muscle type has gap junctions?

Vertebrate skeletal muscles are excitable cells because they

In skeletal muscle, a single action potential causes a minimum unit of contraction called

Because the heartbeat is generated by the heart muscle itself, it is said to be _______.

Which of the following represents the one similarity between fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers?

A flea manages to jump up to 200 times its body length by

Bone is continuously remodeled by _______ that lay down new bone.

Migrating birds often cross the Gulf of Mexico in a single flight, and their flight muscles demand extreme endurance. An examination of the muscles used to perform this activity would show that they

Why are frogs better jumpers than humans?

The long bones of our arms and legs are strong and can resist both compressional and bending forces because

Which of the following statements is false?

Huxley and Huxley proposed the _______ model of muscle contraction.

The _______ ion plays a crucial role in muscle contraction by binding to troponin.

Bone tissue consists of _______ cells in a matrix of _______.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

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A frog can jump ___ times its body length, a human can jump _ times his or her body length, and a flea can jump _____ times its body length.

Bone tissue consists of _ cells in a matrix of _.