Question 1

A muscle reaches its maximum force of contraction when it is stretched to _______ percent of its resting length.

Accepted Answer

A)  100 
B)  80 
C)  60 
D)  40 
E)  20 
A)  100 
B)  80 
C)  60 
D)  40 
E)  20

Question 2

A simple _______ skeleton consists of a fluid-filled cavity controlled by muscle movement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A simple _______ skeleton consists of a...

Question 3

The oxygen-binding molecule in skeletal muscle is

Accepted Answer

A)  myoglobin. 
B)  hemoglobin. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  myokinase. 
E)  creatine phosphate. 
A)  myoglobin. 
B)  hemoglobin. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  myokinase. 
E)  creatine phosphate.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about bone is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  When astronauts spend long periods of time in zero gravity, they experience decalcification of their bones. 
B)  Osteoclasts are derived from the lineage of cells that produce red blood cells. 
C)  Most bones have compact and cancellous regions. 
D)  Bones may become thicker or thinner depending on the amount of stress placed on them. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  When astronauts spend long periods of time in zero gravity, they experience decalcification of their bones. 
B)  Osteoclasts are derived from the lineage of cells that produce red blood cells. 
C)  Most bones have compact and cancellous regions. 
D)  Bones may become thicker or thinner depending on the amount of stress placed on them. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false.

Question 5

Which statement about the structure of skeletal muscle is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The light bands of the sarcomere are the regions where actin and myosin filaments overlap. 
B)  When a muscle contracts, the A bands of the sarcomere lengthen. 
C)  The myosin filaments are anchored in the Z lines. 
D)  When a muscle contracts, the H zone of the sarcomere shortens. 
E)  The sarcoplasm of the muscle cell is contained within the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  The light bands of the sarcomere are the regions where actin and myosin filaments overlap. 
B)  When a muscle contracts, the A bands of the sarcomere lengthen. 
C)  The myosin filaments are anchored in the Z lines. 
D)  When a muscle contracts, the H zone of the sarcomere shortens. 
E)  The sarcoplasm of the muscle cell is contained within the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 6

The role of tendons is to join

Accepted Answer

A)  two bones. 
B)  two ligaments. 
C)  bone and ligament. 
D)  muscle and ligament. 
E)  muscle and bone. 
A)  two bones. 
B)  two ligaments. 
C)  bone and ligament. 
D)  muscle and ligament. 
E)  muscle and bone.

Question 7

Which of the following is not part of a sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Z line 
B)  L band 
C)  Actin 
D)  Myosin 
E)  H zone 
A)  Z line 
B)  L band 
C)  Actin 
D)  Myosin 
E)  H zone

Question 8

_______ exercise stimulates greater oxidative capacity of muscle fibers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Anaerobic 
B)  Aerobic 
C)  Facultative 
D)  All 
E)  Strength training 
A)  Anaerobic 
B)  Aerobic 
C)  Facultative 
D)  All 
E)  Strength training

Question 9

_______ muscle provides the contractile force for most of our internal organs, which are under control of the autonomic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ muscle provides the contractile force for...

Question 10

The action potential that triggers a muscle contraction travels deep within the muscle cell by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  transverse (or T) tubules. 
C)  synapses. 
D)  motor end plates. 
E)  neuromuscular junctions. 
A)  sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  transverse (or T) tubules. 
C)  synapses. 
D)  motor end plates. 
E)  neuromuscular junctions.

Question 11

The sarcoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

A)  stores calcium. 
B)  sequesters calcium from the cytoplasm. 
C)  releases calcium into the cytosol when an action potential passes through T tubules. 
D)  has ryanodine receptor proteins in its membrane. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  stores calcium. 
B)  sequesters calcium from the cytoplasm. 
C)  releases calcium into the cytosol when an action potential passes through T tubules. 
D)  has ryanodine receptor proteins in its membrane. 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

Refer to the graph below, showing the capacity of three systems that provide ATP for muscle contraction. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The system of curve A metabolizes carbohydrates to pyruvate and lactate. 
B)  The system of curve B comes on line within seconds but lacks sustained efficiency. 
C)  The system of curve B uses ATP produced by oxidative metabolism. 
D)  The system of curve C uses preformed ATP and creatine phosphate. 
E)  The system of curve C enables fast-twitch fibers to generate force quickly. 
A)  The system of curve A metabolizes carbohydrates to pyruvate and lactate. 
B)  The system of curve B comes on line within seconds but lacks sustained efficiency. 
C)  The system of curve B uses ATP produced by oxidative metabolism. 
D)  The system of curve C uses preformed ATP and creatine phosphate. 
E)  The system of curve C enables fast-twitch fibers to generate force quickly.

Question 13

The major disadvantage of the glycolytic system for supplying ATP to muscle fibers is

Accepted Answer

A)  the inefficiency of glycolysis compared to aerobic respiration. 
B)  the long period of time that is required before it can start supplying ATP. 
C)  that it leads to the accumulation of lactic acid. 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  All of the above 
A)  the inefficiency of glycolysis compared to aerobic respiration. 
B)  the long period of time that is required before it can start supplying ATP. 
C)  that it leads to the accumulation of lactic acid. 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  All of the above

Question 14

Bricklayers periodically need to carry heavy stacks of bricks from their truck to the work site. An examination of the muscles used to perform this work would show that they

Accepted Answer

A)  have substantial reserves of fuel. 
B)  have low levels of ATPase activity. 
C)  are well-supplied with blood vessels. 
D)  have relatively few mitochondria. 
E)  develop tension quickly. 
A)  have substantial reserves of fuel. 
B)  have low levels of ATPase activity. 
C)  are well-supplied with blood vessels. 
D)  have relatively few mitochondria. 
E)  develop tension quickly.

Question 15

Smooth muscle differs from both cardiac and skeletal muscle in that

Accepted Answer

A)  it can act as a pacemaker for rhythmic contractions. 
B)  contractions of smooth muscle are not due to interactions between neighboring microfilaments. 
C)  neighboring cells are electrically connected by gap junctions. 
D)  neighboring cells are tightly coupled by intercalated discs. 
E)  the membranes of smooth muscle cells are depolarized by stretching. 
A)  it can act as a pacemaker for rhythmic contractions. 
B)  contractions of smooth muscle are not due to interactions between neighboring microfilaments. 
C)  neighboring cells are electrically connected by gap junctions. 
D)  neighboring cells are tightly coupled by intercalated discs. 
E)  the membranes of smooth muscle cells are depolarized by stretching.

Question 16

Refer to the diagram below. The contracted sarcomere shown in diagram _______ develops the greatest tension, and the sarcomere shown in diagram _______ develops the least tension.

Accepted Answer

A)  B; D 
B)  D; B 
C)  C; B 
D)  D; A 
E)  A; D 
A)  B; D 
B)  D; B 
C)  C; B 
D)  D; A 
E)  A; D

Question 17

Fast-twitch fibers are also called _______.

Accepted Answer

glycolytic

Question 18

Endoskeletons

Accepted Answer

A)  are characteristic of arthropods. 
B)  are located on the inside of the body. 
C)  lack joints. 
D)  require molting as the animal grows. 
E)  provide support to earthworms, along with their hydrostatic skeleton. 
A)  are characteristic of arthropods. 
B)  are located on the inside of the body. 
C)  lack joints. 
D)  require molting as the animal grows. 
E)  provide support to earthworms, along with their hydrostatic skeleton.

Question 19

In humans, the _______ skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In humans, the _______ skeleton includes the...

Question 20

Cartilage is

Accepted Answer

A)  a matrix of collagen fibers. 
B)  found in parts of the endoskeleton where both stiffness and resiliency are required. 
C)  the supportive tissue in stiff but flexible structures. 
D)  the principal component of the embryonic skeleton in most vertebrates. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  a matrix of collagen fibers. 
B)  found in parts of the endoskeleton where both stiffness and resiliency are required. 
C)  the supportive tissue in stiff but flexible structures. 
D)  the principal component of the embryonic skeleton in most vertebrates. 
E)  All of the above

Exam 48: Musculoskeletal Systems

A muscle reaches its maximum force of contraction when it is stretched to _______ percent of its resting length.

A simple _______ skeleton consists of a fluid-filled cavity controlled by muscle movement.

The oxygen-binding molecule in skeletal muscle is

Which of the following statements about bone is false?

Which statement about the structure of skeletal muscle is true?

The role of tendons is to join

Which of the following is not part of a sarcomere?

_______ exercise stimulates greater oxidative capacity of muscle fibers.

_______ muscle provides the contractile force for most of our internal organs, which are under control of the autonomic nervous system.

The action potential that triggers a muscle contraction travels deep within the muscle cell by means of

The sarcoplasmic reticulum

Refer to the graph below, showing the capacity of three systems that provide ATP for muscle contraction. Which of the following statements is true?

The major disadvantage of the glycolytic system for supplying ATP to muscle fibers is

Bricklayers periodically need to carry heavy stacks of bricks from their truck to the work site. An examination of the muscles used to perform this work would show that they

Smooth muscle differs from both cardiac and skeletal muscle in that

Refer to the diagram below. The contracted sarcomere shown in diagram _______ develops the greatest tension, and the sarcomere shown in diagram _______ develops the least tension.

Fast-twitch fibers are also called _______.

Endoskeletons

In humans, the _______ skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribs.

Cartilage is

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Refer to the diagram below. The contracted sarcomere shown in diagram _ develops the greatest tension, and the sarcomere shown in diagram _ develops the least tension.