Question 1

Leaf-cutter ants that tend fungal gardens protect themselves from mold by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  their feces. 
B)  the fungi. 
C)  bacteria. 
D)  a smaller ant species. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  their feces. 
B)  the fungi. 
C)  bacteria. 
D)  a smaller ant species. 
E)  None of the above

Question 2

A hummingbird sips nectar from the flowers of a plant species and, in the process, pollinates those flowers. This interaction is best classified as

Accepted Answer

A)  parasitism, because the hummingbird consumes the flower's nectar. 
B)  predation, because the hummingbird eats the plant's seeds. 
C)  commensalism, because the hummingbird benefits from consuming nectar and the plant is unaffected. 
D)  mutualistic, because the plant provides nectar for the hummingbird and the hummingbird transports pollen for the plant. 
E)  Not enough information is provided to classify this interaction. 
A)  parasitism, because the hummingbird consumes the flower's nectar. 
B)  predation, because the hummingbird eats the plant's seeds. 
C)  commensalism, because the hummingbird benefits from consuming nectar and the plant is unaffected. 
D)  mutualistic, because the plant provides nectar for the hummingbird and the hummingbird transports pollen for the plant. 
E)  Not enough information is provided to classify this interaction.

Question 3

In many pollination systems, nectar serves as a(n) _______, luring the pollinator to visit the flower.

Accepted Answer

attractant

Question 4

Which of the following statements about plant-frugivore mutualisms is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  These mutualisms are usually symmetrical. 
B)  Most frugivores are specialists. 
C)  Plants time the ripening of their fruits to coincide with the maturation of their seeds. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  None of the above 
A)  These mutualisms are usually symmetrical. 
B)  Most frugivores are specialists. 
C)  Plants time the ripening of their fruits to coincide with the maturation of their seeds. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

Suppose the fecal matter from dogs helps fertilize a particular species of plant, thus increasing the plant's ability to grow in a particular area. The relationship between the dogs and the plants would be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism. 
B)  amensalism. 
C)  herbivory. 
D)  antagonistic. 
E)  commensalism. 
A)  mutualism. 
B)  amensalism. 
C)  herbivory. 
D)  antagonistic. 
E)  commensalism.

Question 6

Predation is the type of interaction in which

Accepted Answer

A)  one participant benefits and the other is unaffected. 
B)  two organisms use the same limited resources. 
C)  one participant is harmed while the other benefits. 
D)  one participant is harmed but the other is unaffected. 
E)  both participants benefit. 
A)  one participant benefits and the other is unaffected. 
B)  two organisms use the same limited resources. 
C)  one participant is harmed while the other benefits. 
D)  one participant is harmed but the other is unaffected. 
E)  both participants benefit.

Question 7

If two organisms use the same resources and those resources are insufficient to supply their combined needs, the organisms' interactions constitute

Accepted Answer

A)  amensalism. 
B)  mutualism. 
C)  commensalism. 
D)  predator-prey. 
E)  competition. 
A)  amensalism. 
B)  mutualism. 
C)  commensalism. 
D)  predator-prey. 
E)  competition.

Question 8

Another term for coevolution is

Accepted Answer

A)  amensalism. 
B)  commensalism. 
C)  aposematism. 
D)  reciprocal adaptation. 
E)  character displacement. 
A)  amensalism. 
B)  commensalism. 
C)  aposematism. 
D)  reciprocal adaptation. 
E)  character displacement.

Question 9

The relationship between mistletoes and mistletoe birds is one in which food is traded for

Accepted Answer

A)  whole plant transport. 
B)  defense. 
C)  pollen transport. 
D)  seed transport. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  whole plant transport. 
B)  defense. 
C)  pollen transport. 
D)  seed transport. 
E)  None of the above

Question 10

The most likely pollinator of the scarlet monkeyflower Mimulus cardinalis, which has bright red, tubular flowers and produces nectar, would be

Accepted Answer

A)  moths. 
B)  butterflies. 
C)  hummingbirds. 
D)  bees. 
E)  flesh flies. 
A)  moths. 
B)  butterflies. 
C)  hummingbirds. 
D)  bees. 
E)  flesh flies.

Question 11

Taxonomically, most of the world's herbivores are _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Taxonomically, most of the world's herbivores are...

Question 12

_______ interactions benefit a consumer while harming the species that is consumed.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutualistic 
B)  Antagonistic 
C)  Agonistic 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Mutualistic 
B)  Antagonistic 
C)  Agonistic 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  None of the above

Question 13

In a coevolutionary arms race, after a plant evolves a novel chemical defense against an herbivore,

Accepted Answer

A)  the herbivore can be expected to go extinct. 
B)  the herbivore can be expected to disperse to new habitats. 
C)  the herbivore can be expected to evolve resistance to the plant's defense. 
D)  the plant can be expected to colonize new habitats. 
E)  the plant can be expected to outcompete all other plants in the same environment. 
A)  the herbivore can be expected to go extinct. 
B)  the herbivore can be expected to disperse to new habitats. 
C)  the herbivore can be expected to evolve resistance to the plant's defense. 
D)  the plant can be expected to colonize new habitats. 
E)  the plant can be expected to outcompete all other plants in the same environment.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about competition is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Consumers can influence the outcome of their prey species' competitive interactions. 
B)  Competition requires the competitors to be physically present in the same region at the same time. 
C)  Exploitation competition cannot lead to coexistence. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Consumers can influence the outcome of their prey species' competitive interactions. 
B)  Competition requires the competitors to be physically present in the same region at the same time. 
C)  Exploitation competition cannot lead to coexistence. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is most likely to evolve specialized detoxification systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  A mammalian herbivore that eats a variety of plant species 
B)  An avian predator 
C)  An insect whose larvae feed from the leaves from a single host plant 
D)  A bumblebee that obtains nectar while pollinating flowers 
E)  A tick that lives as an ectoparasite 
A)  A mammalian herbivore that eats a variety of plant species 
B)  An avian predator 
C)  An insect whose larvae feed from the leaves from a single host plant 
D)  A bumblebee that obtains nectar while pollinating flowers 
E)  A tick that lives as an ectoparasite

Question 16

Although a species might be physiologically able to live under a wide range of resource conditions, competitors may restrict its use of resources in a particular location. This is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism. 
B)  interference competition. 
C)  fundamental niche. 
D)  realized niche. 
E)  character displacement. 
A)  mutualism. 
B)  interference competition. 
C)  fundamental niche. 
D)  realized niche. 
E)  character displacement.

Question 17

Which of the following is a possible outcome of competition involving two species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some individuals of both species experience reduced growth and reproductive rates. 
B)  One species excludes the other from a habitat it would occupy in the absence of competition. 
C)  One species restricts the geographic range of the other species. 
D)  The species evolve to divide up the limiting resource and continue to coexist in the same locality. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Some individuals of both species experience reduced growth and reproductive rates. 
B)  One species excludes the other from a habitat it would occupy in the absence of competition. 
C)  One species restricts the geographic range of the other species. 
D)  The species evolve to divide up the limiting resource and continue to coexist in the same locality. 
E)  All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the niche concept is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compared to species with dissimilar niches, species with similar niches are likely to be stronger competitors with one another. 
B)  Two species can occupy the same habitat but have different niches. 
C)  Guilds are groups of species that occupy the same niche. 
D)  The realized niche of a species is never larger than its fundamental niche, though they may be identical in size. 
E)  All of the above are true. 
A)  Compared to species with dissimilar niches, species with similar niches are likely to be stronger competitors with one another. 
B)  Two species can occupy the same habitat but have different niches. 
C)  Guilds are groups of species that occupy the same niche. 
D)  The realized niche of a species is never larger than its fundamental niche, though they may be identical in size. 
E)  All of the above are true.

Question 19

In Eurasia, two closely related species of rock nuthatches (small birds that forage for insects and spiders on bare, rocky ground) occur either separately, or in zones of sympatry. Individuals of both species that exist in the former situation, with no interspecies competition, have bills that are similar in length. But in their zone of sympatry in Iran, one species has a longer bill than it has elsewhere and the other species has a shorter bill. This is an example of _______ competition that has resulted in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  exploitation; resource partitioning 
B)  exploitation; character displacement 
C)  interference; resource partitioning 
D)  interference; character displacement 
E)  None of the above 
A)  exploitation; resource partitioning 
B)  exploitation; character displacement 
C)  interference; resource partitioning 
D)  interference; character displacement 
E)  None of the above

Question 20

The relationship between a zebra and the lion that eats it is an example of what kind of relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  Competition 
B)  Mutualism 
C)  Antagonistic 
D)  Commensalism 
E)  Amensalism 
A)  Competition 
B)  Mutualism 
C)  Antagonistic 
D)  Commensalism 
E)  Amensalism

Exam 56: Species Interaction and Coevolution

Leaf-cutter ants that tend fungal gardens protect themselves from mold by means of

A hummingbird sips nectar from the flowers of a plant species and, in the process, pollinates those flowers. This interaction is best classified as

In many pollination systems, nectar serves as a(n) _______, luring the pollinator to visit the flower.

Which of the following statements about plant-frugivore mutualisms is true?

Suppose the fecal matter from dogs helps fertilize a particular species of plant, thus increasing the plant's ability to grow in a particular area. The relationship between the dogs and the plants would be described as

Predation is the type of interaction in which

If two organisms use the same resources and those resources are insufficient to supply their combined needs, the organisms' interactions constitute

Another term for coevolution is

The relationship between mistletoes and mistletoe birds is one in which food is traded for

The most likely pollinator of the scarlet monkeyflower Mimulus cardinalis, which has bright red, tubular flowers and produces nectar, would be

Taxonomically, most of the world's herbivores are _______.

_______ interactions benefit a consumer while harming the species that is consumed.

In a coevolutionary arms race, after a plant evolves a novel chemical defense against an herbivore,

Which of the following statements about competition is true?

Which of the following is most likely to evolve specialized detoxification systems?

Although a species might be physiologically able to live under a wide range of resource conditions, competitors may restrict its use of resources in a particular location. This is known as

Which of the following is a possible outcome of competition involving two species?

Which of the following statements about the niche concept is false?

The relationship between a zebra and the lion that eats it is an example of what kind of relationship?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

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Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

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Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

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Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

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Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

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