Question 1

Maintaining the capacity of ecosystems to provide goods and services is important because

Accepted Answer

A)  most ecosystem services cannot be replicated by any other means. 
B)  replacing them with technological substitutes is possible only in developed nations 
C)  technological substitutes take up valuable land. 
D)  governments cannot function without taxing ecosystem services. 
E)  It is not important. Humans could survive quite well even if ecosystem services declined greatly. 
A)  most ecosystem services cannot be replicated by any other means. 
B)  replacing them with technological substitutes is possible only in developed nations 
C)  technological substitutes take up valuable land. 
D)  governments cannot function without taxing ecosystem services. 
E)  It is not important. Humans could survive quite well even if ecosystem services declined greatly.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of the stratosphere but not of the troposphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most greenhouse gases are concentrated here. 
B)  Most water vapor resides here. 
C)  Most of the mass of the atmosphere lies here. 
D)  Circulation of this layer influences ocean currents. 
E)  Most ultraviolet radiation is absorbed here. 
A)  Most greenhouse gases are concentrated here. 
B)  Most water vapor resides here. 
C)  Most of the mass of the atmosphere lies here. 
D)  Circulation of this layer influences ocean currents. 
E)  Most ultraviolet radiation is absorbed here.

Question 3

The pattern of movement of water through organisms and the compartments of the global ecosystem is called the _______ cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrologic 
B)  upwelling 
C)  Leopold 
D)  hydroponic 
E)  hydrogeologic 
A)  hydrologic 
B)  upwelling 
C)  Leopold 
D)  hydroponic 
E)  hydrogeologic

Question 4

If Earth had no atmosphere, the surface would be about _______ it is now.

Accepted Answer

A)  10°C warmer than 
B)  the same temperature as 
C)  18°C cooler than 
D)  35°C cooler than 
E)  100°C cooler than 
A)  10°C warmer than 
B)  the same temperature as 
C)  18°C cooler than 
D)  35°C cooler than 
E)  100°C cooler than

Question 5

Air trapped in Antarctica and Greenland ice caps shows

Accepted Answer

A)  a positive correlation between temperature and carbon dioxide levels. 
B)  a negative correlation between temperature and carbon dioxide levels. 
C)  evidence linking global climate change to increased strength of tropical storms. 
D)  no correlation between temperature and carbon dioxide levels. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  a positive correlation between temperature and carbon dioxide levels. 
B)  a negative correlation between temperature and carbon dioxide levels. 
C)  evidence linking global climate change to increased strength of tropical storms. 
D)  no correlation between temperature and carbon dioxide levels. 
E)  None of the above

Question 6

A water molecule that winds up in the ocean will likely stay there for a very long time. The ocean pool for water is thus said to be a _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A water molecule that winds up in...

Question 7

How will global climates and ecosystems change in response to the rapid carbon dioxide enrichment by human activities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Global warming 
B)  Increased outbreaks of disease 
C)  Increase of land mass 
D)  Increased size of the polar ice caps 
E)  Both a and b 
A)  Global warming 
B)  Increased outbreaks of disease 
C)  Increase of land mass 
D)  Increased size of the polar ice caps 
E)  Both a and b

Question 8

All of the following human activities have modified energy flow except

Accepted Answer

A)  conversion of forests to grasslands. 
B)  urban development. 
C)  conversion of tundras to rain forests. 
D)  increasing use of fossil fuels. 
E)  increasing agriculture. 
A)  conversion of forests to grasslands. 
B)  urban development. 
C)  conversion of tundras to rain forests. 
D)  increasing use of fossil fuels. 
E)  increasing agriculture.

Question 9

One of the major reasons that Hurricane Katrina was so destructive is that New Orleans is no longer protected from flooding by the natural _______ habitat.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the major reasons that Hurricane...

Question 10

Which of the following compartments of the global ecosystem is characterized by very slow movement of materials within it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oceans 
B)  Fresh waters 
C)  Atmosphere 
D)  Land 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Oceans 
B)  Fresh waters 
C)  Atmosphere 
D)  Land 
E)  All of the above

Question 11

The hydrologic cycle is powered by the sun, which causes water to change from _______ to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  liquid; gas 
B)  liquid; solid 
C)  solid; liquid 
D)  gas; liquid 
E)  a dimer; a monomer 
A)  liquid; gas 
B)  liquid; solid 
C)  solid; liquid 
D)  gas; liquid 
E)  a dimer; a monomer

Question 12

Dead zones result from the depletion of

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen. 
B)  carbon. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  sulfur dioxide. 
E)  ozone. 
A)  nitrogen. 
B)  carbon. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  sulfur dioxide. 
E)  ozone.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about oceans is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contribute only a very small percentage of Earth's net primary production. 
B)  They are a major source of Earth's net primary production. 
C)  On a per volume basis, they have low net primary production. 
D)  Their average net primary production is about equal to that of tropical evergreen forests. 
E)  Both b and c 
A)  They contribute only a very small percentage of Earth's net primary production. 
B)  They are a major source of Earth's net primary production. 
C)  On a per volume basis, they have low net primary production. 
D)  Their average net primary production is about equal to that of tropical evergreen forests. 
E)  Both b and c

Question 14

The hydrologic cycle is driven by

Accepted Answer

A)  the flow of water into the oceans via rivers. 
B)  evaporation (transpiration) of water from the leaves of plants. 
C)  evaporation of water from the surface of the oceans. 
D)  precipitation falling on land. 
E)  the fact that more water falls on the ocean as precipitation than evaporates from its surface. 
A)  the flow of water into the oceans via rivers. 
B)  evaporation (transpiration) of water from the leaves of plants. 
C)  evaporation of water from the surface of the oceans. 
D)  precipitation falling on land. 
E)  the fact that more water falls on the ocean as precipitation than evaporates from its surface.

Question 15

The second law of thermodynamics states that in every energy exchange, some energy becomes unavailable for further use. And yet energy-expensive life continues. How can we reconcile these two facts?

Accepted Answer

A)  The slow mixing of water in the oceans allows usable energy to accumulate. 
B)  Energy does not follow a biogeochemical cycle. 
C)  Earth is an open system, and is continually receiving new matter. 
D)  Earth is an open system, and is continually receiving an energy supply. 
E)  The lithospheric plates convert heat into useable energy. 
A)  The slow mixing of water in the oceans allows usable energy to accumulate. 
B)  Energy does not follow a biogeochemical cycle. 
C)  Earth is an open system, and is continually receiving new matter. 
D)  Earth is an open system, and is continually receiving an energy supply. 
E)  The lithospheric plates convert heat into useable energy.

Question 16

Which of the following ecosystem types is being converted to cropland most rapidly at the present time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deserts 
B)  Temperate forests 
C)  Tropical and subtropical biomes 
D)  Chaparral 
E)  Temperate grasslands 
A)  Deserts 
B)  Temperate forests 
C)  Tropical and subtropical biomes 
D)  Chaparral 
E)  Temperate grasslands

Question 17

Which of the following elements is an essential component of the metabolically important hormone thyroxine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphorus 
B)  Iron 
C)  Iodine 
D)  Selenium 
E)  Cobalt 
A)  Phosphorus 
B)  Iron 
C)  Iodine 
D)  Selenium 
E)  Cobalt

Question 18

If the oceans were not dissolving carbon dioxide, _______ intense hurricanes would occur, because the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer; temperature would be warmer, thus there would be less evaporation 
B)  more; temperature would be colder, thus there would be more evaporation 
C)  more; temperature would be warmer, thus there would be more evaporation 
D)  fewer; temperature would be colder, thus there would be less evaporation 
E)  more; increased availability of carbon dioxide would lead to more evaporation 
A)  fewer; temperature would be warmer, thus there would be less evaporation 
B)  more; temperature would be colder, thus there would be more evaporation 
C)  more; temperature would be warmer, thus there would be more evaporation 
D)  fewer; temperature would be colder, thus there would be less evaporation 
E)  more; increased availability of carbon dioxide would lead to more evaporation

Question 19

The layer of ozone that helps protect us from UV-radiation is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  stratosphere. 
B)  thermosphere. 
C)  exosphere. 
D)  troposphere. 
E)  upwelling zone. 
A)  stratosphere. 
B)  thermosphere. 
C)  exosphere. 
D)  troposphere. 
E)  upwelling zone.

Question 20

Iron is an essential micronutrient that

Accepted Answer

A)  is insoluble in oxygenated water. 
B)  is abundant in rocks and minerals. 
C)  moves into the ocean via atmospheric dust. 
D)  is a limiting factor for photosynthesis in oceans. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  is insoluble in oxygenated water. 
B)  is abundant in rocks and minerals. 
C)  moves into the ocean via atmospheric dust. 
D)  is a limiting factor for photosynthesis in oceans. 
E)  All of the above

Exam 58: Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Maintaining the capacity of ecosystems to provide goods and services is important because

Which of the following statements is true of the stratosphere but not of the troposphere?

The pattern of movement of water through organisms and the compartments of the global ecosystem is called the _______ cycle.

If Earth had no atmosphere, the surface would be about _______ it is now.

Air trapped in Antarctica and Greenland ice caps shows

A water molecule that winds up in the ocean will likely stay there for a very long time. The ocean pool for water is thus said to be a _______.

How will global climates and ecosystems change in response to the rapid carbon dioxide enrichment by human activities?

All of the following human activities have modified energy flow except

One of the major reasons that Hurricane Katrina was so destructive is that New Orleans is no longer protected from flooding by the natural _______ habitat.

Which of the following compartments of the global ecosystem is characterized by very slow movement of materials within it?

The hydrologic cycle is powered by the sun, which causes water to change from _______ to _______.

Dead zones result from the depletion of

Which of the following statements about oceans is true?

The hydrologic cycle is driven by

The second law of thermodynamics states that in every energy exchange, some energy becomes unavailable for further use. And yet energy-expensive life continues. How can we reconcile these two facts?

Which of the following ecosystem types is being converted to cropland most rapidly at the present time?

Which of the following elements is an essential component of the metabolically important hormone thyroxine?

If the oceans were not dissolving carbon dioxide, _______ intense hurricanes would occur, because the _______.

The layer of ozone that helps protect us from UV-radiation is located in the

Iron is an essential micronutrient that

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

The hydrologic cycle is powered by the sun, which causes water to change from _ to _.

If the oceans were not dissolving carbon dioxide, _ intense hurricanes would occur, because the _.