Question 1

What is the connection between global warming and the spread of human disease?

Accepted Answer

Cold temperatures in winter kill many pa

Question 2

In most forests, most of the photosynthesis occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  near the ground, due to the fast-growing saplings. 
B)  about halfway up the trees, where the most leaves are. 
C)  high up in the canopy. 
D)  in the leaf litter. 
E)  evenly throughout the forest. 
A)  near the ground, due to the fast-growing saplings. 
B)  about halfway up the trees, where the most leaves are. 
C)  high up in the canopy. 
D)  in the leaf litter. 
E)  evenly throughout the forest.

Question 3

Most of Earth's carbon is found

Accepted Answer

A)  as CO2 in the atmosphere. 
B)  in living organisms. 
C)  as bicarbonate and carbonate ions dissolved in the oceans. 
D)  as carbonate minerals in sedimentary rock. 
E)  in the decaying remains of dead organisms. 
A)  as CO2 in the atmosphere. 
B)  in living organisms. 
C)  as bicarbonate and carbonate ions dissolved in the oceans. 
D)  as carbonate minerals in sedimentary rock. 
E)  in the decaying remains of dead organisms.

Question 4

Which of the following leads to loss of nitrogen from ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leaching 
B)  Denitrification 
C)  Evaporation of ammonia 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Leaching 
B)  Denitrification 
C)  Evaporation of ammonia 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

Wetlands have frequently been regarded as "waste lands" that would have greater economic value if they were drained and converted to agricultural or commercial use. Describe what we learned from Hurricane Katrina, which struck the Gulf Coast in 2005, about the value of intact wetlands for flood protection? Describe two other ways in which the wetlands of this region are valuable.

Accepted Answer

If coastal wetlands surrounding New Orle

Question 6

In the diagram below, label the one season in which you would expect a thermocline, and the seasons in which you would expect turnover.

Accepted Answer

Thermocline in summe

Question 7

Environmental writers introduced the idea of "natural capital" in the 1940s and it was in 1970 that ecosystems were first said to provide people with a variety of "goods and services." The "services" include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  flood control. 
B)  shelter. 
C)  soil stabilization. 
D)  pollination. 
E)  climate regulation. 
A)  flood control. 
B)  shelter. 
C)  soil stabilization. 
D)  pollination. 
E)  climate regulation.

Question 8

The current concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is _______ parts per million.

Accepted Answer

A)  107 
B)  187 
C)  265 
D)  387 
E)  505 
A)  107 
B)  187 
C)  265 
D)  387 
E)  505

Question 9

Which of the following is not true of the troposphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains nearly all of the atmospheric water vapor. 
B)  It contains a layer of ozone, which filters out ultraviolet light. 
C)  It is about 17 kilometers thick in the tropics and subtropics. 
D)  Most global air circulation takes place there. 
E)  It contains about 80 percent of the mass of the atmosphere. 
A)  It contains nearly all of the atmospheric water vapor. 
B)  It contains a layer of ozone, which filters out ultraviolet light. 
C)  It is about 17 kilometers thick in the tropics and subtropics. 
D)  Most global air circulation takes place there. 
E)  It contains about 80 percent of the mass of the atmosphere.

Question 10

The biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus differs from the cycles of carbon and nitrogen in that

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorus lacks an atmospheric component. 
B)  phosphorus lacks a liquid phase. 
C)  only phosphorus is cycled through marine organisms. 
D)  living organisms do not need phosphorus. 
E)  The phosphorus cycle does not differ importantly from the carbon and nitrogen cycles. 
A)  phosphorus lacks an atmospheric component. 
B)  phosphorus lacks a liquid phase. 
C)  only phosphorus is cycled through marine organisms. 
D)  living organisms do not need phosphorus. 
E)  The phosphorus cycle does not differ importantly from the carbon and nitrogen cycles.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about water consumption rates is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Despite water conservation efforts, global water use almost certainly will be greater in 2025 than in 2010 due to population growth. 
B)  Per capita water consumption in the United States is rising every year. 
C)  More than a billion people worldwide have no access to safe drinking water due to groundwater depletion. 
D)  Per capita water consumption in Europe is rising. 
E)  Both b and d 
A)  Despite water conservation efforts, global water use almost certainly will be greater in 2025 than in 2010 due to population growth. 
B)  Per capita water consumption in the United States is rising every year. 
C)  More than a billion people worldwide have no access to safe drinking water due to groundwater depletion. 
D)  Per capita water consumption in Europe is rising. 
E)  Both b and d

Question 12

Why do humans deliberately set fire to natural vegetation? In what ways are human-set fires contributing to global warming?

Accepted Answer

Most fires that occur in forests, savann

Question 13

The availability of which of the following micronutrients limits the rate of photosynthesis over much of the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cobalt 
B)  Iron 
C)  Selenium 
D)  Iodine 
E)  Nitrogen 
A)  Cobalt 
B)  Iron 
C)  Selenium 
D)  Iodine 
E)  Nitrogen

Question 14

When released by humans into lakes, nitrate

Accepted Answer

A)  is a powerful oxidizer. 
B)  is the primary cause of acidity. 
C)  increases the movement of toxic arsenic. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  is a powerful oxidizer. 
B)  is the primary cause of acidity. 
C)  increases the movement of toxic arsenic. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c

Question 15

The average residence time of a water molecule in the oceans is

Accepted Answer

A)  a few months. 
B)  two years. 
C)  a few decades. 
D)  about a century. 
E)  a few thousand years. 
A)  a few months. 
B)  two years. 
C)  a few decades. 
D)  about a century. 
E)  a few thousand years.

Question 16

The layer of atmosphere where ozone protects against ultraviolet radiation is known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The layer of atmosphere where ozone protects...

Question 17

The most important driver of change in ecosystems has been changes in _______ as natural ecosystems have been converted to other, more intensive uses.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide levels 
B)  land use 
C)  global warming 
D)  human population growth 
E)  pollution of waterways 
A)  carbon dioxide levels 
B)  land use 
C)  global warming 
D)  human population growth 
E)  pollution of waterways

Question 18

In what ways are farming methods that require the large-scale use of manufactured fertilizers contributing to eutrophication and other adverse environmental effects?

Accepted Answer

If farmers apply fertilizers to cropland

Question 19

The recent increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration is mainly a result of an increase in

Accepted Answer

A)  primary productivity. 
B)  the biosphere's biomass. 
C)  the absorption of infrared radiation escaping from Earth. 
D)  the burning of fossil fuels and wood. 
E)  cellular respiration by the exploding human population. 
A)  primary productivity. 
B)  the biosphere's biomass. 
C)  the absorption of infrared radiation escaping from Earth. 
D)  the burning of fossil fuels and wood. 
E)  cellular respiration by the exploding human population.

Question 20

For metabolism and growth, all organisms depend on input of all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  energy. 
B)  liquid water. 
C)  nutrients. 
D)  sunlight. 
E)  minerals. 
A)  energy. 
B)  liquid water. 
C)  nutrients. 
D)  sunlight. 
E)  minerals.

Exam 58: Ecosystems and Global Ecology

What is the connection between global warming and the spread of human disease?

In most forests, most of the photosynthesis occurs

Most of Earth's carbon is found

Which of the following leads to loss of nitrogen from ecosystems?

In the diagram below, label the one season in which you would expect a thermocline, and the seasons in which you would expect turnover.

Environmental writers introduced the idea of "natural capital" in the 1940s and it was in 1970 that ecosystems were first said to provide people with a variety of "goods and services." The "services" include all of the following except

The current concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is _______ parts per million.

Which of the following is not true of the troposphere?

The biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus differs from the cycles of carbon and nitrogen in that

Which of the following statements about water consumption rates is true?

Why do humans deliberately set fire to natural vegetation? In what ways are human-set fires contributing to global warming?

The availability of which of the following micronutrients limits the rate of photosynthesis over much of the ocean?

When released by humans into lakes, nitrate

The average residence time of a water molecule in the oceans is

The layer of atmosphere where ozone protects against ultraviolet radiation is known as the _______.

The most important driver of change in ecosystems has been changes in _______ as natural ecosystems have been converted to other, more intensive uses.

In what ways are farming methods that require the large-scale use of manufactured fertilizers contributing to eutrophication and other adverse environmental effects?

The recent increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration is mainly a result of an increase in

For metabolism and growth, all organisms depend on input of all of the following except

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

The recent increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration is mainly a result of an increase in