Question 1

Cytoplasmic receptors bind

Accepted Answer

A)  small signals that can diffuse through the plasma membrane. 
B)  secondary messengers, such as cAMP. 
C)  hydrophilic molecules. 
D)  ligands. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  small signals that can diffuse through the plasma membrane. 
B)  secondary messengers, such as cAMP. 
C)  hydrophilic molecules. 
D)  ligands. 
E)  All of the above

Question 2

Gap junctions transverse the gap between plasma membranes of two cells by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmodesmata. 
B)  desmosomes. 
C)  connexons. 
D)  cyclic AMP. 
E)  direct transduction. 
A)  plasmodesmata. 
B)  desmosomes. 
C)  connexons. 
D)  cyclic AMP. 
E)  direct transduction.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a consequence of a signal binding to a receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of receptor enzyme activity 
B)  Diffusion of the receptor in the plasma membrane 
C)  Change in conformation of the receptor protein 
D)  Breakdown of the receptor to amino acids 
E)  Release of the signal from the receptor 
A)  Activation of receptor enzyme activity 
B)  Diffusion of the receptor in the plasma membrane 
C)  Change in conformation of the receptor protein 
D)  Breakdown of the receptor to amino acids 
E)  Release of the signal from the receptor

Question 4

The second messengers derived from a phospholipid membrane lipid

Accepted Answer

A)  include inositol trisphospate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). 
B)  inhibit protein kinases. 
C)  close Ca2+ channels. 
D)  are formed from phosphatidyl choline. 
E)  are formed from a phospholipid in the endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  include inositol trisphospate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). 
B)  inhibit protein kinases. 
C)  close Ca2+ channels. 
D)  are formed from phosphatidyl choline. 
E)  are formed from a phospholipid in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 5

In gap junctions, the channel pores permit the transport of

Accepted Answer

A)  small signal molecules. 
B)  ions. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  small signal molecules. 
B)  ions. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is not involved in the signaling cascade after the odorant molecule binds to its receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of a G protein 
B)  Cyclic AMP used as a second messenger 
C)  Nitric oxide used as second messenger 
D)  Gated opening of ion channels 
E)  All of the above are involved in the signaling cascade. 
A)  Activation of a G protein 
B)  Cyclic AMP used as a second messenger 
C)  Nitric oxide used as second messenger 
D)  Gated opening of ion channels 
E)  All of the above are involved in the signaling cascade.

Question 7

The entire signaling process is known as the signal _______ pathway. Its first component is called the _______, and its second component is known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

transducti

Question 8

Caffeine is a stimulant that works because it acts as a(n) _______ to the adenosine receptors in a person's brain, and stimulates _______ in that person's heart and liver that increases blood flow and blood glucose.

Accepted Answer

A)  effector; a pathway 
B)  inhibitor; a cascade pathway 
C)  inhibitor; a ligand 
D)  signal; inhibitors 
E)  pathway; a ligand 
A)  effector; a pathway 
B)  inhibitor; a cascade pathway 
C)  inhibitor; a ligand 
D)  signal; inhibitors 
E)  pathway; a ligand

Question 9

The enzyme phospholipase C breaks down PIP2 into two molecules, _______ and _______, both of which can function as second messengers.

Accepted Answer

diacylglyc

Question 10

Used to treat bipolar disorder, _______ acts by inhibiting the G protein activation of phospholipase C.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Used to treat bipolar disorder, _______ acts...

Exam 7: Cell Signaling and Communication

Cytoplasmic receptors bind

Gap junctions transverse the gap between plasma membranes of two cells by means of

Which of the following is not a consequence of a signal binding to a receptor?

The second messengers derived from a phospholipid membrane lipid

In gap junctions, the channel pores permit the transport of

Which of the following is not involved in the signaling cascade after the odorant molecule binds to its receptor?

The entire signaling process is known as the signal _______ pathway. Its first component is called the _______, and its second component is known as the _______.

Caffeine is a stimulant that works because it acts as a(n) _______ to the adenosine receptors in a person's brain, and stimulates _______ in that person's heart and liver that increases blood flow and blood glucose.

The enzyme phospholipase C breaks down PIP2 into two molecules, _______ and _______, both of which can function as second messengers.

Used to treat bipolar disorder, _______ acts by inhibiting the G protein activation of phospholipase C.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

The entire signaling process is known as the signal ___ pathway. Its first component is called the _, and its second component is known as the _____.

Caffeine is a stimulant that works because it acts as a(n) _ to the adenosine receptors in a person's brain, and stimulates _ in that person's heart and liver that increases blood flow and blood glucose.

The enzyme phospholipase C breaks down PIP2 into two molecules, _ and _, both of which can function as second messengers.