Question 1

The second component of a signal transduction pathway is known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  receptor. 
B)  hormone. 
C)  responder. 
D)  transducer. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  receptor. 
B)  hormone. 
C)  responder. 
D)  transducer. 
E)  None of the above

Question 2

Nitric oxide (NO)

Accepted Answer

A)  can be a second messenger. 
B)  is a participant in some signal transduction pathways. 
C)  directly relaxes smooth muscle. 
D)  directly activates a Ca2+ channel in the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  stimulates cAMP synthesis. 
A)  can be a second messenger. 
B)  is a participant in some signal transduction pathways. 
C)  directly relaxes smooth muscle. 
D)  directly activates a Ca2+ channel in the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  stimulates cAMP synthesis.

Question 3

In the diagram below, where and how would lithium interact with the pathway?

Accepted Answer

@#IMG-DLM& Lithium would inhibit the G p

Question 4

Which of the following is not a second messenger?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium ion 
B)  Inositol trisphosphate 
C)  ATP 
D)  Cyclic AMP 
E)  Diacylglycerol 
A)  Calcium ion 
B)  Inositol trisphosphate 
C)  ATP 
D)  Cyclic AMP 
E)  Diacylglycerol

Question 5

The concentration of cAMP in a cell is increased by

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphodiesterase. 
B)  cGMP. 
C)  a protein kinase. 
D)  a second messenger. 
E)  a G protein. 
A)  phosphodiesterase. 
B)  cGMP. 
C)  a protein kinase. 
D)  a second messenger. 
E)  a G protein.

Question 6

To respond to a signal, a cell must have a specific _______ that can detect the signal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To respond to a signal, a cell...

Question 7

Can a receptor act as a signal? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

A receptor can act as a signal

Question 8

The conformational change in EnvZ causes it to become a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  autocrine receptor. 
B)  responder. 
C)  ligand. 
D)  protein kinase. 
E)  phosphate group. 
A)  autocrine receptor. 
B)  responder. 
C)  ligand. 
D)  protein kinase. 
E)  phosphate group.

Question 9

The plasmodesma is partially filled with a tubule called the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The plasmodesma is partially filled with a...

Question 10

Which of the following statements about secondary messengers is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They amplify the signal. 
B)  They bind to the active site of the receptor. 
C)  They result in multiple effects from a single signal. 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  All of the above 
A)  They amplify the signal. 
B)  They bind to the active site of the receptor. 
C)  They result in multiple effects from a single signal. 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  All of the above

Question 11

In the E. coli signaling transduction pathway, which of the following is true about OmpC?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a transcription factor. 
B)  It can insert itself into the outer membrane, resulting in the eventual restoration of homeostasis. 
C)  It phosphorylates other proteins. 
D)  It is a receptor. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  It is a transcription factor. 
B)  It can insert itself into the outer membrane, resulting in the eventual restoration of homeostasis. 
C)  It phosphorylates other proteins. 
D)  It is a receptor. 
E)  None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following does not occur during signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binding of ligand to receptor 
B)  Conformational change to the receptor protein 
C)  Conformational change of the signal 
D)  Alteration of cellular activity 
E)  Conformational change in the ligand 
A)  Binding of ligand to receptor 
B)  Conformational change to the receptor protein 
C)  Conformational change of the signal 
D)  Alteration of cellular activity 
E)  Conformational change in the ligand

Question 13

Which of the following is not true of a protein kinase cascade?

Accepted Answer

A)  The signal is amplified. 
B)  A second messenger is formed. 
C)  Target proteins are phosphorylated. 
D)  The cascade ends up at the mitochondrion. 
E)  The cascade begins at the plasma membrane. 
A)  The signal is amplified. 
B)  A second messenger is formed. 
C)  Target proteins are phosphorylated. 
D)  The cascade ends up at the mitochondrion. 
E)  The cascade begins at the plasma membrane.

Question 14

Which of the following is most likely to involve the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paracrine signals 
B)  Parasitic signals 
C)  Autocrine signals 
D)  Hormones 
E)  Responders 
A)  Paracrine signals 
B)  Parasitic signals 
C)  Autocrine signals 
D)  Hormones 
E)  Responders

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  G proteins contain only one important binding site. 
B)  When a G protein binds to an activated receptor protein, ADP is exchanged for ATP. 
C)  G protein receptors are single proteins that have seven distinct regions that pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. 
D)  G proteins can only activate effector proteins; they cannot inhibit them. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  G proteins contain only one important binding site. 
B)  When a G protein binds to an activated receptor protein, ADP is exchanged for ATP. 
C)  G protein receptors are single proteins that have seven distinct regions that pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane. 
D)  G proteins can only activate effector proteins; they cannot inhibit them. 
E)  None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the abnormal form of Ras found in bladder cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because it is inactive, it is unable to inhibit growth factors. 
B)  It is always active because it is continuously bound to GTP. 
C)  If it were inhibited, cells would continue to divide. 
D)  It acts as an ion channel receptor. 
E)  It stimulates epinephrine. 
A)  Because it is inactive, it is unable to inhibit growth factors. 
B)  It is always active because it is continuously bound to GTP. 
C)  If it were inhibited, cells would continue to divide. 
D)  It acts as an ion channel receptor. 
E)  It stimulates epinephrine.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about plasmodesmata is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are not merely passive channels, but can be regulated. 
B)  They are derived from integral proteins from adjacent plasma membranes. 
C)  Their diameter is much smaller than that of a gap junction. 
D)  Large proteins can move between plant cells because of them. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  They are not merely passive channels, but can be regulated. 
B)  They are derived from integral proteins from adjacent plasma membranes. 
C)  Their diameter is much smaller than that of a gap junction. 
D)  Large proteins can move between plant cells because of them. 
E)  All of the above

Question 18

In the E. coli signaling transduction pathway, which of the following is true about the OmpR protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  When phosphorylated, it acts as a transcription factor for OmpC. 
B)  It exists both inside and outside the cell membrane. 
C)  It is a receptor. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  When phosphorylated, it acts as a transcription factor for OmpC. 
B)  It exists both inside and outside the cell membrane. 
C)  It is a receptor. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycogen phosphorylase in liver cells is always active. 
B)  cAMP is referred to as a "first messenger." 
C)  Epinephrine directly activates adenylyl cyclase. 
D)  cAMP is referred to as a "second messenger." 
E)  Adenylyl cyclase is a protein kinase. 
A)  Glycogen phosphorylase in liver cells is always active. 
B)  cAMP is referred to as a "first messenger." 
C)  Epinephrine directly activates adenylyl cyclase. 
D)  cAMP is referred to as a "second messenger." 
E)  Adenylyl cyclase is a protein kinase.

Question 20

In the E. coli signal transduction pathway, changes in the aqueous media cause part of the receptor to undergo a change in

Accepted Answer

A)  responder. 
B)  conformation. 
C)  hormonal activity. 
D)  amplification. 
E)  extracellular environment. 
A)  responder. 
B)  conformation. 
C)  hormonal activity. 
D)  amplification. 
E)  extracellular environment.

Exam 7: Cell Signaling and Communication

The second component of a signal transduction pathway is known as a

Nitric oxide (NO)

In the diagram below, where and how would lithium interact with the pathway?

Which of the following is not a second messenger?

The concentration of cAMP in a cell is increased by

To respond to a signal, a cell must have a specific _______ that can detect the signal.

Can a receptor act as a signal? Explain your answer.

The conformational change in EnvZ causes it to become a(n)

The plasmodesma is partially filled with a tubule called the _______.

Which of the following statements about secondary messengers is true?

In the E. coli signaling transduction pathway, which of the following is true about OmpC?

Which of the following does not occur during signal transduction?

Which of the following is not true of a protein kinase cascade?

Which of the following is most likely to involve the circulatory system?

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following is true about the abnormal form of Ras found in bladder cancer cells?

Which of the following statements about plasmodesmata is true?

In the E. coli signaling transduction pathway, which of the following is true about the OmpR protein?

Which of the following statements is true?

In the E. coli signal transduction pathway, changes in the aqueous media cause part of the receptor to undergo a change in

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