Question 1

If you wanted to block transcription of a group of functionally related genes in a prokaryote,you could place an obstacle

Accepted Answer

A) upstream of both the promoter and operon. 
B) downstream of both the promoter and operon. 
C) place an obstacle downstream of the promoter,but upstream of the operon. 
D) place an obstacle upstream of the promoter,but downstream of the operon. 
A) upstream of both the promoter and operon. 
B) downstream of both the promoter and operon. 
C) place an obstacle downstream of the promoter,but upstream of the operon. 
D) place an obstacle upstream of the promoter,but downstream of the operon.

Question 2

The "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis was proposed by

Accepted Answer

A) Watson and Crick. 
B) Griffith. 
C) Garrod. 
D) Franklin. 
E) Beadle and Tatum. 
A) Watson and Crick. 
B) Griffith. 
C) Garrod. 
D) Franklin. 
E) Beadle and Tatum.

Question 3

Amino acids are transported to the ribosome for use in building the polypeptide by

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA molecules. 
B) tRNA molecules. 
C) DNA polymerase molecules. 
D) rRNA molecules. 
E) DNA ligase molecules. 
A) mRNA molecules. 
B) tRNA molecules. 
C) DNA polymerase molecules. 
D) rRNA molecules. 
E) DNA ligase molecules.

Question 4

Gene expression includes which two of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A) transcription and replication 
B) replication and repression 
C) protein synthesis and replication 
D) mutation and cell division 
E) transcription and translation 
A) transcription and replication 
B) replication and repression 
C) protein synthesis and replication 
D) mutation and cell division 
E) transcription and translation

Question 5

If the DNA triplet code were ATG CGT,the tRNA anticodons would be

Accepted Answer

A) AUG CGU. 
B) ATG CGT. 
C) UAC GCA. 
D) UAG CGU. 
A) AUG CGU. 
B) ATG CGT. 
C) UAC GCA. 
D) UAG CGU.

Question 6

What problem is overcome by the presence of more than one promoter element?

Accepted Answer

A) The transcription start site can be identified. 
B) The orientation of transcription can be established. 
C) Binding sites for both the core polymerase and holoenzyme are provided. 
D) The transcription bubble can be properly formeD. 
A) The transcription start site can be identified. 
B) The orientation of transcription can be established. 
C) Binding sites for both the core polymerase and holoenzyme are provided. 
D) The transcription bubble can be properly formeD.

Question 7

In _________,a ribosome assembles a polypeptide,whose amino acid sequence is specified by the nucleotide sequence in the mRNA (which itself is a copy of the template DNA).

Accepted Answer

A) transcription 
B) translation 
C) replication 
D) synthesis 
A) transcription 
B) translation 
C) replication 
D) synthesis

Question 8

The mutation responsible for Huntington's disease is a

Accepted Answer

A) missense mutation. 
B) nonsense mutation. 
C) frameshift mutation. 
D) triplet repeat expansion mutation. 
A) missense mutation. 
B) nonsense mutation. 
C) frameshift mutation. 
D) triplet repeat expansion mutation.

Question 9

The hereditary information in DNA is conveyed through the

Accepted Answer

A) production of all three kinds of RNA molecules. 
B) production of a lipid bilayer. 
C) production of DNA copies. 
D) production of many proteins and polypeptides. 
E) production of all of the codons. 
A) production of all three kinds of RNA molecules. 
B) production of a lipid bilayer. 
C) production of DNA copies. 
D) production of many proteins and polypeptides. 
E) production of all of the codons.

Question 10

The codons that serve as "stop" signals for the protein synthesis are called

Accepted Answer

A) anticodons. 
B) release codons. 
C) nonsense codons. 
D) amino acid codons. 
E) tRNA codons. 
A) anticodons. 
B) release codons. 
C) nonsense codons. 
D) amino acid codons. 
E) tRNA codons.

Question 11

Eukaryotic mRNA molecules are modified

Accepted Answer

A) in the cytoplasm. 
B) at the ribosome. 
C) in the nucleus. 
D) at the Golgi complex. 
E) at the initiation of transcription. 
A) in the cytoplasm. 
B) at the ribosome. 
C) in the nucleus. 
D) at the Golgi complex. 
E) at the initiation of transcription.

Question 12

In eukaryotes,the empty RNA molecules exit the ribosome from the

Accepted Answer

A) E site. 
B) P site. 
C) A site. 
D) active site. 
E) allosteric sitE. 
A) E site. 
B) P site. 
C) A site. 
D) active site. 
E) allosteric sitE.

Question 13

The basic genetic information of the cell;contained in chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) RNA polymerase 
C) mRNA 
D) rRNA 
A) DNA 
B) RNA polymerase 
C) mRNA 
D) rRNA

Question 14

Which type of RNA is thought to help protect cells from viral attack?

Accepted Answer

A) sn RNA 
B) siRNA 
C) SRP RNA 
D) mRNA 
A) sn RNA 
B) siRNA 
C) SRP RNA 
D) mRNA

Question 15

The Central Dogma of biology is stated as

Accepted Answer

A) proteins $\rarr$ RNA$\rarr$  DNA. 
B) RNA$\rarr$  DNA$\rarr$  proteins. 
C) DNA$\rarr$ proteins$\rarr$  RNA. 
D) DNA$\rarr$  RNA$\rarr$  proteins. 
A) proteins $\rarr$ RNA$\rarr$  DNA. 
B) RNA$\rarr$  DNA$\rarr$  proteins. 
C) DNA$\rarr$ proteins$\rarr$  RNA. 
D) DNA$\rarr$  RNA$\rarr$  proteins.

Question 16

The nucleotide sequence of a mRNA codon is composed of how many bases?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 16 
E) 64 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 16 
E) 64

Question 17

Eukaryotic organisms and prokaryotic organisms differ in how gene information is processed.Select the statement that best explains this difference.

Accepted Answer

A) Prokaryote genes are transcribed into mRNA,which is translated immediately.Eukaryote genes contain long sequences of nucleotides that do not code for amino acids and have to be removed from the primary transcript. 
B) Prokaryote genes are transcribed directly into a polypeptide,while eukaryote genes have mRNA and tRNA involved in polypeptide assembly. 
C) Prokaryote genes are translated before being transcribed into mRNA.Eukaryotic genes are transcribed into mRNA and then translated. 
D) Prokaryote genes are edited of all introns before being transcribed into mRNA,while eukaryotic genes are edited after mRNA formation. 
A) Prokaryote genes are transcribed into mRNA,which is translated immediately.Eukaryote genes contain long sequences of nucleotides that do not code for amino acids and have to be removed from the primary transcript. 
B) Prokaryote genes are transcribed directly into a polypeptide,while eukaryote genes have mRNA and tRNA involved in polypeptide assembly. 
C) Prokaryote genes are translated before being transcribed into mRNA.Eukaryotic genes are transcribed into mRNA and then translated. 
D) Prokaryote genes are edited of all introns before being transcribed into mRNA,while eukaryotic genes are edited after mRNA formation.

Question 18

Messenger RNA molecules are copies of DNA;they travel to the ribosomes to direct the assembly of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) proteins 
B) amino acids 
C) polypeptides 
D) fatty acids 
A) proteins 
B) amino acids 
C) polypeptides 
D) fatty acids

Question 19

The location of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells is the

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus. 
B) cytoplasm. 
C) plasma membrane. 
D) Golgi apparatus. 
E) vacuolE. 
A) nucleus. 
B) cytoplasm. 
C) plasma membrane. 
D) Golgi apparatus. 
E) vacuolE.

Question 20

Each amino acid has a specific tRNA molecule that can transport it to the site of protein synthesis.Therefore,in humans the number of different tRNA molecules would be

Accepted Answer

A) 3. 
B) 20. 
C) 40. 
D) 80. 
E) thousands. 
A) 3. 
B) 20. 
C) 40. 
D) 80. 
E) thousands.

Exam 15: Genes and How They Work

If you wanted to block transcription of a group of functionally related genes in a prokaryote,you could place an obstacle

The "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis was proposed by

Amino acids are transported to the ribosome for use in building the polypeptide by

Gene expression includes which two of the following processes?

If the DNA triplet code were ATG CGT,the tRNA anticodons would be

What problem is overcome by the presence of more than one promoter element?

In _________,a ribosome assembles a polypeptide,whose amino acid sequence is specified by the nucleotide sequence in the mRNA (which itself is a copy of the template DNA).

The mutation responsible for Huntington's disease is a

The hereditary information in DNA is conveyed through the

The codons that serve as "stop" signals for the protein synthesis are called

Eukaryotic mRNA molecules are modified

In eukaryotes,the empty RNA molecules exit the ribosome from the

The basic genetic information of the cell;contained in chromosomes.

Which type of RNA is thought to help protect cells from viral attack?

The Central Dogma of biology is stated as

The nucleotide sequence of a mRNA codon is composed of how many bases?

Eukaryotic organisms and prokaryotic organisms differ in how gene information is processed.Select the statement that best explains this difference.

Messenger RNA molecules are copies of DNA;they travel to the ribosomes to direct the assembly of ____________.

The location of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells is the

Each amino acid has a specific tRNA molecule that can transport it to the site of protein synthesis.Therefore,in humans the number of different tRNA molecules would be

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes Mapping and the Meiosis - Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Tree of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Overview of Green Plants

Fungi

Overview of Animal Diversity

Noncoelomate Invertebrates

Coelomate Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Form

Vegetative Plant Development

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Population Ecology

Community of Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology