Question 1

Enzymes are very specific in their choices of substrates because each different enzyme has an active site that

Accepted Answer

A) depends on unusual amino acids not common in proteins. 
B) has a certain unique amino acid to fit each substrate. 
C) is shaped to fit a certain substrate molecule. 
D) is lined with glycolipids and glycoproteins. 
E) passes electrons from one part of the substrate to another. 
A) depends on unusual amino acids not common in proteins. 
B) has a certain unique amino acid to fit each substrate. 
C) is shaped to fit a certain substrate molecule. 
D) is lined with glycolipids and glycoproteins. 
E) passes electrons from one part of the substrate to another. C

Question 2

Free energy is the amount of energy available for the cell to carry out its many chemical processes.It is the difference between the internal energy or enthalpy and ______ or disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) free energy 
B) entropy 
C) chaos 
D) heat 
A) free energy 
B) entropy 
C) chaos 
D) heat B

Question 3

Protein catalysts that speed up the various metabolic biological reactions in an organism are called

Accepted Answer

A) substrates. 
B) cofactors. 
C) reactants. 
D) products. 
E) enzymes. 
A) substrates. 
B) cofactors. 
C) reactants. 
D) products. 
E) enzymes. E

Question 4

Shivering is the result of uncontrollable contractions of skeletal muscle tissue in an effort to increase heat production and raise body temperature.How does this process relate to ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP is converted directly to heat. 
B) Muscle contractions in the form of shivering produces heat and warms the body. 
C) ATP hydrolysis causes muscle contraction. 
D) Muscle contractions require ATP hydrolysis.Energy is liberated by ATP hydrolysis and converted into heat. 
A) ATP is converted directly to heat. 
B) Muscle contractions in the form of shivering produces heat and warms the body. 
C) ATP hydrolysis causes muscle contraction. 
D) Muscle contractions require ATP hydrolysis.Energy is liberated by ATP hydrolysis and converted into heat.

Question 5

A molecule that closely resembles the shape of a substrate for an enzyme might serve as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) an enzyme 
B) allosteric modulator 
C) competitive inhibitor 
D) pathway blocker 
A) an enzyme 
B) allosteric modulator 
C) competitive inhibitor 
D) pathway blocker

Question 6

Certain key molecules can regulate biochemical pathways by controlling the rates of enzymatic reactions by binding at _________ sites.

Accepted Answer

A) catalytic 
B) enzymatic 
C) active 
D) allosteric 
A) catalytic 
B) enzymatic 
C) active 
D) allosteric

Question 7

In a chemical reaction in a living system,enzymes are used as catalysts.Which of the following statements about enzymes is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Enzymes enter reactions and can be reused. 
B) Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in living systems. 
C) Enzymes reduce the energy of activation necessary for a chemical reaction to go forward. 
D) Enzymes increase the energy of activation necessary for a chemical reaction to go forwarD. 
E) Enzymes are sometimes referred to as biological catalysts;however,not all biological catalysts are proteins. 
A) Enzymes enter reactions and can be reused. 
B) Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in living systems. 
C) Enzymes reduce the energy of activation necessary for a chemical reaction to go forward. 
D) Enzymes increase the energy of activation necessary for a chemical reaction to go forwarD. 
E) Enzymes are sometimes referred to as biological catalysts;however,not all biological catalysts are proteins.

Question 8

At the conclusion of an enzyme catalyzed reaction,the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A) must be resynthesized from its amino acids. 
B) frees itself from the product and is ready to be reused. 
C) must be transported from outside of the cell. 
D) changes into an active form. 
E) closes up its active site and cannot bind to more substratE. 
A) must be resynthesized from its amino acids. 
B) frees itself from the product and is ready to be reused. 
C) must be transported from outside of the cell. 
D) changes into an active form. 
E) closes up its active site and cannot bind to more substratE.

Question 9

When the substrate is bound to the enzyme,the shape of the enzyme may change slightly,leading to

Accepted Answer

A) a better induced fit. 
B) a great range of possible catalytic activities. 
C) a greater supply of activation energy. 
D) more permanent binding through intimate total contact. 
E) more possible products of the reaction. 
A) a better induced fit. 
B) a great range of possible catalytic activities. 
C) a greater supply of activation energy. 
D) more permanent binding through intimate total contact. 
E) more possible products of the reaction.

Question 10

The chief energy currency of all cells is a molecule called

Accepted Answer

A) cyclic AMP. 
B) NADH. 
C) FADH. 
D) ATP. 
E) ADP. 
A) cyclic AMP. 
B) NADH. 
C) FADH. 
D) ATP. 
E) ADP.

Question 11

Allosteric inhibitor binds here;changes enzyme shape.

Accepted Answer

A) active site 
B) substrate 
C) coenzyme 
D) non-catalytic binding site 
A) active site 
B) substrate 
C) coenzyme 
D) non-catalytic binding site

Question 12

If the $\Delta$G of a reaction was -31.45 kJoules,you would know that

Accepted Answer

A) the reaction would proceed spontaneously. 
B) the reaction requires an energy input of 31.45 kJoules to proceed. 
C) the products of the reaction have more free energy than the reactants. 
D) it is an energonic reaction. 
A) the reaction would proceed spontaneously. 
B) the reaction requires an energy input of 31.45 kJoules to proceed. 
C) the products of the reaction have more free energy than the reactants. 
D) it is an energonic reaction.

Question 13

The term oxidation is derived from the name of the element oxygen.This is reasonable,because oxygen

Accepted Answer

A) attracts electrons very strongly. 
B) can be oxidized by accepting electrons. 
C) contains more electrons than are needed. 
D) can react chemically readily in its gas state. 
E) is present everywherE. 
A) attracts electrons very strongly. 
B) can be oxidized by accepting electrons. 
C) contains more electrons than are needed. 
D) can react chemically readily in its gas state. 
E) is present everywherE.

Question 14

ATP gives up energy when it is converted to

Accepted Answer

A) DNA. 
B) NADP. 
C) NADH. 
D) ADP and phosphate. 
E) RNA. 
A) DNA. 
B) NADP. 
C) NADH. 
D) ADP and phosphate. 
E) RNA.

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning redox reactions are false?

Accepted Answer

A) The reduced form of a molecule has a higher level of energy than the oxidized form. 
B) Reduction is the gain of an electron,and oxidation is the loss of an electron. 
C) Organisms can derive energy from the oxidation of organic compounds. 
D) Oxidation reactions and reduction reactions occur independently. 
A) The reduced form of a molecule has a higher level of energy than the oxidized form. 
B) Reduction is the gain of an electron,and oxidation is the loss of an electron. 
C) Organisms can derive energy from the oxidation of organic compounds. 
D) Oxidation reactions and reduction reactions occur independently.

Question 16

Each of the significant properties of a cell (its growth,reproduction,and responsiveness to its environment)requires ________.

Accepted Answer

A) energy 
B) light 
C) mitosis 
D) movement 
A) energy 
B) light 
C) mitosis 
D) movement

Question 17

You return home to find that your baby brother has scattered his toy trains and trucks all over the floor of your room.As you begin to pick up the toys and put them away,you realize that even though he is just a baby,he has clearly mastered

Accepted Answer

A) the first law of thermodynamics. 
B) the second law of thermodynamics. 
C) potential energy. 
D) free energy. 
A) the first law of thermodynamics. 
B) the second law of thermodynamics. 
C) potential energy. 
D) free energy.

Question 18

If you were able to increase the kinetic energy of the molecules inside your body,your body temperature would

Accepted Answer

A) increase. 
B) decrease. 
C) remain the same. 
A) increase. 
B) decrease. 
C) remain the same.

Question 19

Enzymes work most effectively at

Accepted Answer

A) their optimum pH and temperature conditions 
B) all pH and temperature conditions 
C) only one temperature and a specific pH 
A) their optimum pH and temperature conditions 
B) all pH and temperature conditions 
C) only one temperature and a specific pH

Question 20

Life's ultimate source of energy is derived from

Accepted Answer

A) the sun. 
B) plants. 
C) water. 
D) air. 
E) cells. 
A) the sun. 
B) plants. 
C) water. 
D) air. 
E) cells.

Exam 6: Energy and Metabolism

Enzymes are very specific in their choices of substrates because each different enzyme has an active site that

Free energy is the amount of energy available for the cell to carry out its many chemical processes.It is the difference between the internal energy or enthalpy and ______ or disorder.

Protein catalysts that speed up the various metabolic biological reactions in an organism are called

Shivering is the result of uncontrollable contractions of skeletal muscle tissue in an effort to increase heat production and raise body temperature.How does this process relate to ATP hydrolysis?

A molecule that closely resembles the shape of a substrate for an enzyme might serve as a(n)

Certain key molecules can regulate biochemical pathways by controlling the rates of enzymatic reactions by binding at _________ sites.

In a chemical reaction in a living system,enzymes are used as catalysts.Which of the following statements about enzymes is incorrect?

At the conclusion of an enzyme catalyzed reaction,the enzyme

When the substrate is bound to the enzyme,the shape of the enzyme may change slightly,leading to

The chief energy currency of all cells is a molecule called

Allosteric inhibitor binds here;changes enzyme shape.

If the Δ\DeltaΔ G of a reaction was -31.45 kJoules,you would know that

The term oxidation is derived from the name of the element oxygen.This is reasonable,because oxygen

ATP gives up energy when it is converted to

Which of the following statements concerning redox reactions are false?

Each of the significant properties of a cell (its growth,reproduction,and responsiveness to its environment)requires ________.

You return home to find that your baby brother has scattered his toy trains and trucks all over the floor of your room.As you begin to pick up the toys and put them away,you realize that even though he is just a baby,he has clearly mastered

If you were able to increase the kinetic energy of the molecules inside your body,your body temperature would

Enzymes work most effectively at

Life's ultimate source of energy is derived from

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes Mapping and the Meiosis - Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Tree of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Overview of Green Plants

Fungi

Overview of Animal Diversity

Noncoelomate Invertebrates

Coelomate Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Form

Vegetative Plant Development

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Population Ecology

Community of Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology

If the $\Delta$ G of a reaction was -31.45 kJoules,you would know that