Question 1

Economists have been comparing the monetary value of intact habitats with the value of using (destroying)those habitats (such as for logging or farming).They find

Accepted Answer

A) the immediate economic gain is worth it,such as in the shrimp farms in Thailand. 
B) the long-term problems are minimal,and usually economically minor,it is more of an aesthetic problem than a monetary one. 
C) in every case studied the intact habitat is more valuable than the destroyed one. 
D) clearing the forest for agriculture,as in Cameroon,provides jobs,housing,and long-term economic benefits. 
E) increased invasion in intact habitats renders it worthless within a few years. 
A) the immediate economic gain is worth it,such as in the shrimp farms in Thailand. 
B) the long-term problems are minimal,and usually economically minor,it is more of an aesthetic problem than a monetary one. 
C) in every case studied the intact habitat is more valuable than the destroyed one. 
D) clearing the forest for agriculture,as in Cameroon,provides jobs,housing,and long-term economic benefits. 
E) increased invasion in intact habitats renders it worthless within a few years. C

Question 2

A species found naturally in only one specific geographical area and no other place on Earth is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) endangered. 
B) sensitive. 
C) native. 
D) endemic. 
E) cosmopolitan. 
A) endangered. 
B) sensitive. 
C) native. 
D) endemic. 
E) cosmopolitan. D

Question 3

Areas with high levels of endemism are called species _________.

Accepted Answer

A) islands 
B) fragments 
C) hotspots 
D) reserves 
A) islands 
B) fragments 
C) hotspots 
D) reserves C

Question 4

Island species are particularly vulnerable to extinction for all of the following reasons except

Accepted Answer

A) humans have altered habitats. 
B) island species have lost the ability to escape predators. 
C) humans have introduced competitors. 
D) humans have introduced diseases. 
E) fewer endemic species are found on islands. 
A) humans have altered habitats. 
B) island species have lost the ability to escape predators. 
C) humans have introduced competitors. 
D) humans have introduced diseases. 
E) fewer endemic species are found on islands.

Question 5

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
-Primarily due to habitat destruction,pollution,human disruption,fragmentation.

Accepted Answer

A) hotspot 
B) habitat loss 
C) edge effects 
D) megafaunal extinction 
E) extinction vortex 
A) hotspot 
B) habitat loss 
C) edge effects 
D) megafaunal extinction 
E) extinction vortex

Question 6

Which one of the following statements about captive breeding is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Biomagnification of the pollutant DDT in peregrine falcons and a decline in their populations lead to the first successful,large-scale captive breeding program. 
B) Captive breeding is sometimes a part of efforts to restore ecosystems to a balanced,functional state. 
C) Inbreeding can be a major problem facing captive breeding programs. 
D) Despite major efforts to restore California condor populations in the western U.S. ,the program has had limited success because of reduced genetic heterogeneity. 
E) Captive breeding is a viable strategy whenever very few individuals of a species remain in the wild. 
A) Biomagnification of the pollutant DDT in peregrine falcons and a decline in their populations lead to the first successful,large-scale captive breeding program. 
B) Captive breeding is sometimes a part of efforts to restore ecosystems to a balanced,functional state. 
C) Inbreeding can be a major problem facing captive breeding programs. 
D) Despite major efforts to restore California condor populations in the western U.S. ,the program has had limited success because of reduced genetic heterogeneity. 
E) Captive breeding is a viable strategy whenever very few individuals of a species remain in the wild.

Question 7

Extinctions have occurred since life originated.However,since humans have been on Earth,many extinctions have occurred as a result of human activities.Biologists are concerned about this trend in extinctions and human presence.Which of the following choices is correct about how biologists estimate rates of extinctions?

Accepted Answer

A) Biologists estimate the number of extinctions by conducting annual counts of the most critical flora and fauna and by using past extinctions as models. 
B) Biologists estimate the number of extinctions by analyzing habitat loss and studying recorded extinction events. 
C) Biologists estimate the number of extinctions by monitoring all populations for births and deaths. 
D) Biologists estimate the number of extinctions by constant examination of the fossil record,especially deep marine sediments. 
A) Biologists estimate the number of extinctions by conducting annual counts of the most critical flora and fauna and by using past extinctions as models. 
B) Biologists estimate the number of extinctions by analyzing habitat loss and studying recorded extinction events. 
C) Biologists estimate the number of extinctions by monitoring all populations for births and deaths. 
D) Biologists estimate the number of extinctions by constant examination of the fossil record,especially deep marine sediments.

Question 8

One of the important reasons for maintaining biodiversity is to

Accepted Answer

A) prevent loss of habitats that can be logged or farmed at some future date. 
B) prevent loss of habitat leading to edge effects. 
C) prevent introduction of invasive species. 
D) maintain the genetic diversity of wild relatives of common crops. 
E) prevent increased disease spread due to edge effects. 
A) prevent loss of habitats that can be logged or farmed at some future date. 
B) prevent loss of habitat leading to edge effects. 
C) prevent introduction of invasive species. 
D) maintain the genetic diversity of wild relatives of common crops. 
E) prevent increased disease spread due to edge effects.

Question 9

As many as one-half of Earth's plants

Accepted Answer

A) may already have gone extinct in the last 100 years. 
B) may be threatened with extinction at present. 
C) may be considered invasive species. 
D) are known to be medicinally useful. 
E) have been shown to be keystone species. 
A) may already have gone extinct in the last 100 years. 
B) may be threatened with extinction at present. 
C) may be considered invasive species. 
D) are known to be medicinally useful. 
E) have been shown to be keystone species.

Question 10

Edge effects are the result of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Populations of flora and fauna have emigrated from the core of their population center to the edge of their habitat. 
B) Metapopulations of some of the larger fauna have become more dominant on the landscape and as a result have increased the edge of their habitat. 
C) Habitat fragmentations or habitat shrinkage have occurred,and thus the edge of the habitats have increased in size. 
D) Habitat fragmentations or habitat shrinkage have occurred,and thus the edge of the habitats have decreased in size. 
E) Populations of particular species have decreased and are on the edge of extinction. 
A) Populations of flora and fauna have emigrated from the core of their population center to the edge of their habitat. 
B) Metapopulations of some of the larger fauna have become more dominant on the landscape and as a result have increased the edge of their habitat. 
C) Habitat fragmentations or habitat shrinkage have occurred,and thus the edge of the habitats have increased in size. 
D) Habitat fragmentations or habitat shrinkage have occurred,and thus the edge of the habitats have decreased in size. 
E) Populations of particular species have decreased and are on the edge of extinction.

Question 11

Species found in only one geographic area and nowhere else are _________ to that area.

Accepted Answer

A) introduced 
B) convergent 
C) rare 
D) endemic 
A) introduced 
B) convergent 
C) rare 
D) endemic

Question 12

As habitats become more fragmented and become smaller,the relative proportions of the habitat that remain have an increase

Accepted Answer

A) in size leading to defragmentation. 
B) in connectivity to other habitats. 
C) in patch size of the habitat. 
D) in the edges of the habitat,leading to edge effects. 
E) in species richness,leading to biodiversity. 
A) in size leading to defragmentation. 
B) in connectivity to other habitats. 
C) in patch size of the habitat. 
D) in the edges of the habitat,leading to edge effects. 
E) in species richness,leading to biodiversity.

Question 13

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
-Become an increasing problem as habitat size shrinks.

Accepted Answer

A) hotspot 
B) habitat loss 
C) edge effects 
D) megafaunal extinction 
E) extinction vortex 
A) hotspot 
B) habitat loss 
C) edge effects 
D) megafaunal extinction 
E) extinction vortex

Question 14

__________ is the process of examining the genomes of animals and plants for useful genes.

Accepted Answer

A) Gene prospecting 
B) Genetic engineering 
C) Phenotypic labeling 
D) Cloning 
A) Gene prospecting 
B) Genetic engineering 
C) Phenotypic labeling 
D) Cloning

Question 15

Habitat loss for a species can be the result of all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) habitat destruction. 
B) pollution of the habitat. 
C) human disruption of a habitat. 
D) agriculture. 
E) ecosystem services. 
A) habitat destruction. 
B) pollution of the habitat. 
C) human disruption of a habitat. 
D) agriculture. 
E) ecosystem services.

Question 16

Conservationists have identified 25 areas,worldwide,as hotspots.This means these areas

Accepted Answer

A) can now be preserved. 
B) have serious pollution problems and are being targeted for cleanup. 
C) have high numbers of endemic species and are increasing with introductions. 
D) have high numbers of endemic species and are decreasing. 
E) have high numbers of invasive species and are struggling to survivE. 
A) can now be preserved. 
B) have serious pollution problems and are being targeted for cleanup. 
C) have high numbers of endemic species and are increasing with introductions. 
D) have high numbers of endemic species and are decreasing. 
E) have high numbers of invasive species and are struggling to survivE.

Question 17

Regarding megafaunal extinctions,it is

Accepted Answer

A) assumed that climate change is the driving factor. 
B) assumed that,in the North American continent,the Ice Age was the driving factor. 
C) assumed that the dramatic differences between the ancient megafauna in North America and those found in Africa were the reason that the North American megafauna could not adapt and survive. 
D) assumed that the coevolution of African megafauna with humans is the reason they did not go extinct. 
E) assumed that the island megafauna mostly drowned in flooding as the icepack melted at the end of the Ice AgE. 
A) assumed that climate change is the driving factor. 
B) assumed that,in the North American continent,the Ice Age was the driving factor. 
C) assumed that the dramatic differences between the ancient megafauna in North America and those found in Africa were the reason that the North American megafauna could not adapt and survive. 
D) assumed that the coevolution of African megafauna with humans is the reason they did not go extinct. 
E) assumed that the island megafauna mostly drowned in flooding as the icepack melted at the end of the Ice AgE.

Question 18

Ecologists are concerned about amphibian populations because

Accepted Answer

A) their loss would be an aesthetic loss to the planet. 
B) of the possibility of numerous medicinal uses. 
C) they are keystone species in many areas-their loss will cause other populations to crash. 
D) amphibians are very sensitive to environmental change-they may be indicating serious problems. 
E) they are increasing to the point of competing with indigenous species. 
A) their loss would be an aesthetic loss to the planet. 
B) of the possibility of numerous medicinal uses. 
C) they are keystone species in many areas-their loss will cause other populations to crash. 
D) amphibians are very sensitive to environmental change-they may be indicating serious problems. 
E) they are increasing to the point of competing with indigenous species.

Question 19

A scientist studied peregrine falcons to determine why the numbers of birds was declining.She determined that

Accepted Answer

A) global warming (too much carbon dioxide)had increased the death rates in the newly hatched chicks. 
B) the genetic diversity of the falcons was too low to sustain their population level. 
C) the falcons had lost much of their habitat due to human developments. 
D) the falcon's habitat had been fragmented and the subsequent edge effect affected their ability to hunt for prey items. 
E) the levels of DDT in the environment were having a detrimental effect on eggs (causing the eggshells to be too thin)that were being laid by the female falcons. 
A) global warming (too much carbon dioxide)had increased the death rates in the newly hatched chicks. 
B) the genetic diversity of the falcons was too low to sustain their population level. 
C) the falcons had lost much of their habitat due to human developments. 
D) the falcon's habitat had been fragmented and the subsequent edge effect affected their ability to hunt for prey items. 
E) the levels of DDT in the environment were having a detrimental effect on eggs (causing the eggshells to be too thin)that were being laid by the female falcons.

Question 20

An organism whose decline or removal from a habitat causes many other species numbers to change dramatically is called __________ species.

Accepted Answer

A) a keystone 
B) a synergistic 
C) a nominal 
D) an introduced 
A) a keystone 
B) a synergistic 
C) a nominal 
D) an introduced

Exam 60: Conservation Biology

Economists have been comparing the monetary value of intact habitats with the value of using (destroying)those habitats (such as for logging or farming).They find

A species found naturally in only one specific geographical area and no other place on Earth is referred to as

Areas with high levels of endemism are called species _________.

Island species are particularly vulnerable to extinction for all of the following reasons except

Choose the letter of the best match from the following: -Primarily due to habitat destruction,pollution,human disruption,fragmentation.

Which one of the following statements about captive breeding is false?

One of the important reasons for maintaining biodiversity is to

As many as one-half of Earth's plants

Edge effects are the result of which of the following?

Species found in only one geographic area and nowhere else are _________ to that area.

As habitats become more fragmented and become smaller,the relative proportions of the habitat that remain have an increase

Choose the letter of the best match from the following: -Become an increasing problem as habitat size shrinks.

__________ is the process of examining the genomes of animals and plants for useful genes.

Habitat loss for a species can be the result of all of the following except

Conservationists have identified 25 areas,worldwide,as hotspots.This means these areas

Regarding megafaunal extinctions,it is

Ecologists are concerned about amphibian populations because

A scientist studied peregrine falcons to determine why the numbers of birds was declining.She determined that

An organism whose decline or removal from a habitat causes many other species numbers to change dramatically is called __________ species.

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes Mapping and the Meiosis - Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Tree of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Overview of Green Plants

Fungi

Overview of Animal Diversity

Noncoelomate Invertebrates

Coelomate Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Form

Vegetative Plant Development

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Population Ecology

Community of Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Filters