Exam 49: The Respiratory System

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?

What is the likely outcome if you were able to force water through fish gills in the opposite direction?

The chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies and the brain act on the respiratory center to control the blood ___________ and pH constant.

What respiratory adaptation was important for the invasion of land by arthropods?

In red blood cells,the enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the formation of ________.

Humans inspire by contracting muscles that insert on the rib cage and by contracting the

The mechanism that triggers breathing in humans is true for

The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere

Most phyla of invertebrates have improved diffusion by creating a water current over their respiratory surfaces,thereby ______.

Exchange of gases and metabolites between the blood and tissues occurs in the

In humans,each lung contains about _________ alveoli.

Which of these animals uses positive pressure breathing?

Soft-shelled turtles can remain submerged underwater for several hours without ventilating their lungs because _______.

In tissue capillaries,__________ combines with water to form carbonic acid,which after being transported to the lungs,dissociates back to its constituents.

The principal reasons for which gills were replaced in terrestrial animals are I-air is less buoyant than water. II-for secretion in intrapleural fluid. III-water diffuses into air through evaporation.

The _______ is a covering over the gills of bony fish.

Mammal lungs are surrounded on the outside by the _________ membrane.

The most efficient lungs are found in which of the terrestrial vertebrates listed below?

Most of the primitive phyla of invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding

The blood obtains its oxygen by diffusion across the wet membranes of the lungs,which are filled with air in the process of