Exam 49: The Respiratory System

Respiration involves the movement of gases by the process of

At rest,each breath moves a volume of air into and out of the lungs and this is called the _______ volume.

During exhalation,the diaphragm ________.

The great efficiency of gills is derived from I-the countercurrent flow of water over the gills. II-the blood within the gills. III-increasing the temperature of the blood to the gills.

When a frog breaths,air enters first through its __________.

Air enters human lungs from the mouth through the _________.

In a person at rest,blood that returns to the heart contains hemoglobin that is about ____ saturated with oxygen.

In the countercurrent exchange in a fish's gills,the oxygen concentration is always _______ in the water than the blood along the entire pathway of each lamella.

Hemoglobin structure consists of _______ polypeptide chains.

Alveoli are used for gas exchange in _________.

Major evolutionary changes in the mechanism of animal respiration have optimized the rate of diffusion by each of these methods except _________.

The large number of alveoli in lungs improve diffusion by ______.

Which of these dissolved gases cannot be transported by hemoglobin?

Ram ventilation is used by _____ during respiration.

During an asthma attack,allergens trigger the release of ________ that cause severe constriction of the bronchi.

All other terrestrial vertebrates except amphibians breathe by expanding their lungs and thereby creating a

A second oxygen reserve is found in muscle cells using the oxygen-binding protein _______________.

The many lamellae in the gills of fish improve respiratory efficiency by _______.