Question 1

The rapid inward diffusion of Na+ followed by the outward diffusion of K+ produces a rapid change in the membrane potential called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) action potential. 
B) excitatory postsynaptic potential. 
C) saltatory conduction. 
D) monosynaptic reflex. 
E) depolarization. 
A) action potential. 
B) excitatory postsynaptic potential. 
C) saltatory conduction. 
D) monosynaptic reflex. 
E) depolarization. A

Question 2

The gap into which neurotransmitters are released by the arrival of an impulse is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) gap junction. 
B) synaptic cleft. 
C) postsynaptic membrane. 
D) presynaptic membrane. 
E) impulse channel. 
A) gap junction. 
B) synaptic cleft. 
C) postsynaptic membrane. 
D) presynaptic membrane. 
E) impulse channel. B

Question 3

Which of the following characteristics are true for an action potential?
I-A threshold potential must be exceeded.
II-Each stimulus produces a full potential or none at all.
III-During the refractory period it is less likely that another action potential can be produced.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I and III 
E) I,II,and III 
A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I and III 
E) I,II,and III E

Question 4

Acetylcholine is added to the paravertebral ganglia in the sympathetic ganglion chain in the upper thoracic area.Which one of the following actions occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) heart rate goes up 
B) adrenaline get secreted from adrenal glands 
C) gut motility increases 
D) urinary bladder relaxes 
E) saliva secretion increases 
A) heart rate goes up 
B) adrenaline get secreted from adrenal glands 
C) gut motility increases 
D) urinary bladder relaxes 
E) saliva secretion increases

Question 5

In typical cell,which of the following has the highest electrochemical potential for movement?

Accepted Answer

A) the electrochemical potential for Na+ to move into the cell 
B) the electrochemical potential for Na to move out of the cell 
C) the electrochemical potential for K to move into the cell 
D) the electrochemical potential for K+ to move into the cell 
E) the electrochemical potential for Cl- to move into the cell 
A) the electrochemical potential for Na+ to move into the cell 
B) the electrochemical potential for Na to move out of the cell 
C) the electrochemical potential for K to move into the cell 
D) the electrochemical potential for K+ to move into the cell 
E) the electrochemical potential for Cl- to move into the cell

Question 6

The area of the cerebral hemisphere important for the interpretation and the formulation of thoughts into speech is called

Accepted Answer

A) Broca's areA. 
B) the pons. 
C) the medulla oblongata. 
D) Wernicke's area. 
E) the cerebellum. 
A) Broca's areA. 
B) the pons. 
C) the medulla oblongata. 
D) Wernicke's area. 
E) the cerebellum.

Question 7

The primary function of the hindbrain in vertebrates is

Accepted Answer

A) temperature control. 
B) integration of sensory data. 
C) memory storage. 
D) control of the heartbeat. 
E) coordination of motor reflexes. 
A) temperature control. 
B) integration of sensory data. 
C) memory storage. 
D) control of the heartbeat. 
E) coordination of motor reflexes.

Question 8

At the myelinated area of the axon (i.e. ,not at the node of Ranvier),which one of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) increased number of voltage-gated sodium channels 
B) increased resistance across membrane 
C) increased capacitance across membrane 
D) increased transport of potassium across membrane 
A) increased number of voltage-gated sodium channels 
B) increased resistance across membrane 
C) increased capacitance across membrane 
D) increased transport of potassium across membrane

Question 9

Neurons are supported both structurally and functionally by supporting cells which include

Accepted Answer

A) dendrites and nodes of Ranvier. 
B) neuroglia and nodes of Ranvier. 
C) Schwann cells,oligodendrocytes. 
D) dendrites,nodes of Ranvier,and neuroglia. 
E) neuroglia,Schwann cells,and oligodendrocytes. 
A) dendrites and nodes of Ranvier. 
B) neuroglia and nodes of Ranvier. 
C) Schwann cells,oligodendrocytes. 
D) dendrites,nodes of Ranvier,and neuroglia. 
E) neuroglia,Schwann cells,and oligodendrocytes.

Question 10

The parasympathetic effects of acetylcholine require the action of

Accepted Answer

A) G proteins. 
B) GABA. 
C) AMPAR. 
D) habituation. 
E) synaptic integration. 
A) G proteins. 
B) GABA. 
C) AMPAR. 
D) habituation. 
E) synaptic integration.

Question 11

At the vertebrate neuromuscular junction,correctly order the following reactions.
I-Muscle fiber membrane is depolarized.
II-Action potentials are generated in the neuron.
III-Stimulation of the entry of Ca2+ into the neuron.
IV-Release of acetylcholine into the synapse.

Accepted Answer

A) I,II,III,IV 
B) III,II,IV,I 
C) I,III,IV,II 
D) IV,II,III,I 
E) II,III,IV,I 
A) I,II,III,IV 
B) III,II,IV,I 
C) I,III,IV,II 
D) IV,II,III,I 
E) II,III,IV,I

Question 12

What determines the direction of membrane voltage change on the postsynaptic membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) the type of neurotransmitter 
B) whether the receptor uses a second messenger system or not 
C) the main ion traveling through the opened channel 
D) the number of channels on the postsynaptic membrane 
A) the type of neurotransmitter 
B) whether the receptor uses a second messenger system or not 
C) the main ion traveling through the opened channel 
D) the number of channels on the postsynaptic membrane

Question 13

Which of the following multicellular animals lack nerves?

Accepted Answer

A) sponges 
B) cnidarians 
C) platyhelminthes 
D) arthropods 
E) reptilians 
A) sponges 
B) cnidarians 
C) platyhelminthes 
D) arthropods 
E) reptilians

Question 14

The membrane of a resting neuron is much more permeable to which of the following ion than any other ion?

Accepted Answer

A) Cl 
B) Ca2+ 
C) Na+ 
D) K+ 
E) H+ 
A) Cl 
B) Ca2+ 
C) Na+ 
D) K+ 
E) H+

Question 15

Which of the following diagrams shows the correct distribution of ions in a resting cell? (Note: A larger font size indicates more of that particular ion. )

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 16

The central and peripheral nervous systems in the vertebrates is comprised of

Accepted Answer

A) axons. 
B) cell bodies. 
C) dendrites. 
D) neurons. 
E) synapses. 
A) axons. 
B) cell bodies. 
C) dendrites. 
D) neurons. 
E) synapses.

Question 17

Damage to the specific regions of the basic ganglia can produce the resting tremor of muscles that is characteristic of people with

Accepted Answer

A) epilepsy. 
B) Parkinson's disease. 
C) seizures. 
D) Alzheimer disease. 
E) insomnia. 
A) epilepsy. 
B) Parkinson's disease. 
C) seizures. 
D) Alzheimer disease. 
E) insomnia.

Question 18

The hindbrain consists of all of the following except the

Accepted Answer

A) pons and cerebellum. 
B) medulla oblongata. 
C) ascending tracts. 
D) pons,cerebellum,and ascending tracts. 
E) medulla oblongata and ascending tracts. 
A) pons and cerebellum. 
B) medulla oblongata. 
C) ascending tracts. 
D) pons,cerebellum,and ascending tracts. 
E) medulla oblongata and ascending tracts.

Question 19

When comparing the outside to the inside of a typical living cell,which ion is the closest to electrochemical equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A) Cl- 
B) Na+ 
C) K+ 
D) Ca2+ 
A) Cl- 
B) Na+ 
C) K+ 
D) Ca2+

Question 20

You encounter a person on the street talking to you with clear English words but they are not put together in coherent sentences.What is the likely explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

A) damage to the hippocampus 
B) damage to the amygdala 
C) damage to Wernike's area 
D) damage to the basal ganglia 
E) damage to Broca's area 
A) damage to the hippocampus 
B) damage to the amygdala 
C) damage to Wernike's area 
D) damage to the basal ganglia 
E) damage to Broca's area

Exam 44: The Nervous System

The rapid inward diffusion of Na+ followed by the outward diffusion of K+ produces a rapid change in the membrane potential called a(n)

The gap into which neurotransmitters are released by the arrival of an impulse is called a(n)

Which of the following characteristics are true for an action potential? I-A threshold potential must be exceeded. II-Each stimulus produces a full potential or none at all. III-During the refractory period it is less likely that another action potential can be produced.

Acetylcholine is added to the paravertebral ganglia in the sympathetic ganglion chain in the upper thoracic area.Which one of the following actions occurs?

In typical cell,which of the following has the highest electrochemical potential for movement?

The area of the cerebral hemisphere important for the interpretation and the formulation of thoughts into speech is called

The primary function of the hindbrain in vertebrates is

At the myelinated area of the axon (i.e. ,not at the node of Ranvier),which one of the following is true?

Neurons are supported both structurally and functionally by supporting cells which include

The parasympathetic effects of acetylcholine require the action of

At the vertebrate neuromuscular junction,correctly order the following reactions. I-Muscle fiber membrane is depolarized. II-Action potentials are generated in the neuron. III-Stimulation of the entry of Ca2+ into the neuron. IV-Release of acetylcholine into the synapse.

What determines the direction of membrane voltage change on the postsynaptic membrane?

Which of the following multicellular animals lack nerves?

The membrane of a resting neuron is much more permeable to which of the following ion than any other ion?

Which of the following diagrams shows the correct distribution of ions in a resting cell? (Note: A larger font size indicates more of that particular ion. )

The central and peripheral nervous systems in the vertebrates is comprised of

Damage to the specific regions of the basic ganglia can produce the resting tremor of muscles that is characteristic of people with

The hindbrain consists of all of the following except the

When comparing the outside to the inside of a typical living cell,which ion is the closest to electrochemical equilibrium?

You encounter a person on the street talking to you with clear English words but they are not put together in coherent sentences.What is the likely explanation for this?

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The rapid inward diffusion of Na⁺ followed by the outward diffusion of K⁺ produces a rapid change in the membrane potential called a(n)

At the vertebrate neuromuscular junction,correctly order the following reactions. I-Muscle fiber membrane is depolarized. II-Action potentials are generated in the neuron. III-Stimulation of the entry of Ca²⁺ into the neuron. IV-Release of acetylcholine into the synapse.