Question 1

Stratification usually refers to extended exposure to ________________ that is required for some seeds to germinate?

Accepted Answer

A) long wavelengths of light 
B) low temperatures (chilling) 
C) high relative humidity 
D) short daylengths 
E) clay soil particles 
A) long wavelengths of light 
B) low temperatures (chilling) 
C) high relative humidity 
D) short daylengths 
E) clay soil particles B

Question 2

Which of the following events is not a characteristic of successful seed germination?

Accepted Answer

A) The radicle breaks through the seed coat. 
B) The shoot becomes photosynthetic. 
C) The embryo becomes desiccated. 
D) New growth occurs at the meristems. 
E) The seedling orients itself relative to gravity. 
A) The radicle breaks through the seed coat. 
B) The shoot becomes photosynthetic. 
C) The embryo becomes desiccated. 
D) New growth occurs at the meristems. 
E) The seedling orients itself relative to gravity. C

Question 3

The single cotyledon within the kernels of cereal grains is known as

Accepted Answer

A) an aleurone. 
B) a hypocotyl. 
C) a dicot. 
D) a scutellum. 
E) an amyloplast. 
A) an aleurone. 
B) a hypocotyl. 
C) a dicot. 
D) a scutellum. 
E) an amyloplast. D

Question 4

The seed bank in a particular habitat is dependent on what characteristic of seeds?

Accepted Answer

A) the nutritional quality of the seeds 
B) natural variation in the size of seeds 
C) the attractiveness of animal dispersers 
D) seeds with prolonged dormancy 
E) the ability of seeds to absorb soil hormones 
A) the nutritional quality of the seeds 
B) natural variation in the size of seeds 
C) the attractiveness of animal dispersers 
D) seeds with prolonged dormancy 
E) the ability of seeds to absorb soil hormones

Question 5

Which part of a flower develops into the pericarp of the fruit?

Accepted Answer

A) stigma 
B) receptacle 
C) ovary wall 
D) embryo 
E) seed coat 
A) stigma 
B) receptacle 
C) ovary wall 
D) embryo 
E) seed coat

Question 6

The first,asymmetric division of the zygote produces two daughter cells that become

Accepted Answer

A) the suspensor and the embryo. 
B) the epicotyl and the hypocotyls. 
C) the root and the shoot. 
D) the egg and pollen. 
E) the xylem and the phloem. 
A) the suspensor and the embryo. 
B) the epicotyl and the hypocotyls. 
C) the root and the shoot. 
D) the egg and pollen. 
E) the xylem and the phloem.

Question 7

The form of a plant body is mainly determined by the planes in which cells divide and by controlled changes in cell shapes.Which of these is not part of these developmental patterns?

Accepted Answer

A) Growth-regulating hormones and other factors influence the orientation of bundles of microtubules in the interior of the plasma membrane during cell division and cell expansion. 
B) Transport vesicles respond to gravity. 
C) Microtubules guide the orientation of cellulose deposition during the formation of new cell walls. 
D) The orientation of cellulose fibers in the cell wall determines the cell's final shape. 
E) Turgor pressure helps the cells expand in size after cell division. 
A) Growth-regulating hormones and other factors influence the orientation of bundles of microtubules in the interior of the plasma membrane during cell division and cell expansion. 
B) Transport vesicles respond to gravity. 
C) Microtubules guide the orientation of cellulose deposition during the formation of new cell walls. 
D) The orientation of cellulose fibers in the cell wall determines the cell's final shape. 
E) Turgor pressure helps the cells expand in size after cell division.

Question 8

The Myb gene product is important in

Accepted Answer

A) allowing the seedling to break through the seed coat. 
B) inducing seed dormancy in harsh environmental conditions. 
C) transcribing the starch gene in the endosperm. 
D) turning on GA production in the aleurone. 
E) activating the $\alpha$-amylase gene in seeds. 
A) allowing the seedling to break through the seed coat. 
B) inducing seed dormancy in harsh environmental conditions. 
C) transcribing the starch gene in the endosperm. 
D) turning on GA production in the aleurone. 
E) activating the $\alpha$-amylase gene in seeds.

Question 9

Plant tissues that contain cells capable of repeated division and are found at the root and shoot apices are called

Accepted Answer

A) primary growth tissues. 
B) secondary growth tissues. 
C) ground tissues. 
D) meristem tissues. 
E) mesophyll tissues. 
A) primary growth tissues. 
B) secondary growth tissues. 
C) ground tissues. 
D) meristem tissues. 
E) mesophyll tissues.

Question 10

Germination and early seedling growth require the use of metabolic reserves in the seed,which include starch grains known as

Accepted Answer

A) amyloplasts. 
B) protoplasts. 
C) chloroplasts. 
D) chromoplasts. 
E) mitochondria. 
A) amyloplasts. 
B) protoplasts. 
C) chloroplasts. 
D) chromoplasts. 
E) mitochondria.

Question 11

The name of the meristematic tissue that gives rise to future vascular tissue is

Accepted Answer

A) procambium. 
B) cork cambium. 
C) ground meristem. 
D) dermal tissue. 
E) protoderm. 
A) procambium. 
B) cork cambium. 
C) ground meristem. 
D) dermal tissue. 
E) protoderm.

Question 12

Which of these is not an adaptive value of seeds for land plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Seeds permit plants to postpone development during unfavorable conditions. 
B) Seeds contain stored food that helps young seedlings to develop before they can photosynthesize on their own. 
C) Seeds afford maximum protection to young embyros at their most vulnerable stage of development. 
D) The dispersal of seeds facilitates the migration and distribution of offspring away from the parent plant. 
E) Seeds attract pollinators. 
A) Seeds permit plants to postpone development during unfavorable conditions. 
B) Seeds contain stored food that helps young seedlings to develop before they can photosynthesize on their own. 
C) Seeds afford maximum protection to young embyros at their most vulnerable stage of development. 
D) The dispersal of seeds facilitates the migration and distribution of offspring away from the parent plant. 
E) Seeds attract pollinators.

Question 13

Which of these is an aggregate fruit?

Accepted Answer

A) grapes 
B) blackberries 
C) cranberries 
D) pineapples 
E) bananas 
A) grapes 
B) blackberries 
C) cranberries 
D) pineapples 
E) bananas

Question 14

What is one explanation for why Hox genes that determine body plans are less important in plant embryos than animal embryos?

Accepted Answer

A) Plants have simpler body plans than animals. 
B) Animal embryos develop more quickly than plant ones. 
C) Plant embryos are relatively simple;most of the development and differentiation of the plant body takes place in seedlings and adult plants.Animal embryos are much more complex. 
D) Plant embryos can go dormant,unlike animal embryos. 
E) Hormones are more important in plant embryos. 
A) Plants have simpler body plans than animals. 
B) Animal embryos develop more quickly than plant ones. 
C) Plant embryos are relatively simple;most of the development and differentiation of the plant body takes place in seedlings and adult plants.Animal embryos are much more complex. 
D) Plant embryos can go dormant,unlike animal embryos. 
E) Hormones are more important in plant embryos.

Question 15

Which one of the following statements about the epicotyl is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It remains in the ground after a seed has germinated. 
B) It is the portion of the stem axis that is directly below the cotyledons. 
C) The shoot apical meristem of a seedling is located just above it. 
D) It takes up most of the volume within a monocot or dicot seeD. 
E) It forms immediately above the secondary roots of a seedling. 
A) It remains in the ground after a seed has germinated. 
B) It is the portion of the stem axis that is directly below the cotyledons. 
C) The shoot apical meristem of a seedling is located just above it. 
D) It takes up most of the volume within a monocot or dicot seeD. 
E) It forms immediately above the secondary roots of a seedling.

Question 16

Your friend has never gardened before,and when none of the seeds he planted germinated,he asked you to suggest why.Which of the following statements is the best explanation of what occurred?

Accepted Answer

A) The monocot seeds he used were only able to produce a single cotyledon each. 
B) The seeds were planted too deeply and used up their reserves before reaching the surface and sunlight. 
C) The suspensor failed to develop into an embryo within each seed. 
D) All seeds require fire in order to germinate. 
E) Seeds take more than one season to germinatE. 
A) The monocot seeds he used were only able to produce a single cotyledon each. 
B) The seeds were planted too deeply and used up their reserves before reaching the surface and sunlight. 
C) The suspensor failed to develop into an embryo within each seed. 
D) All seeds require fire in order to germinate. 
E) Seeds take more than one season to germinatE.

Question 17

$\alpha$-amylase and other hydrolytic enzymes that allow endosperm starches to be broken down during seed germination are produced in which part of the seed?

Accepted Answer

A) scutellum 
B) amyloplasts 
C) aleurone layer 
D) plumule 
E) coleorhiza 
A) scutellum 
B) amyloplasts 
C) aleurone layer 
D) plumule 
E) coleorhiza

Question 18

Which of these structures does not begin development during embryogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) apical meristem 
B) vascular tissue 
C) floral primordia 
D) leaf primordial 
E) ground tissue 
A) apical meristem 
B) vascular tissue 
C) floral primordia 
D) leaf primordial 
E) ground tissue

Question 19

The HOBBIT gene in an embryo helps to control the development of what structure?

Accepted Answer

A) cotyledon 
B) endosperm 
C) root 
D) epicotyl 
E) root hair 
A) cotyledon 
B) endosperm 
C) root 
D) epicotyl 
E) root hair

Question 20

One of the primary benefits of fruits for a plant is that

Accepted Answer

A) fruits keep the seeds from escaping. 
B) fruits provide nutrition for the seeds. 
C) fruits induce dormancy in seed embryos. 
D) fruits enhance the dispersal of seeds. 
E) fruits help seeds survive longer. 
A) fruits keep the seeds from escaping. 
B) fruits provide nutrition for the seeds. 
C) fruits induce dormancy in seed embryos. 
D) fruits enhance the dispersal of seeds. 
E) fruits help seeds survive longer.

Exam 37: Vegetative Plant Development

Stratification usually refers to extended exposure to ________________ that is required for some seeds to germinate?

Which of the following events is not a characteristic of successful seed germination?

The single cotyledon within the kernels of cereal grains is known as

The seed bank in a particular habitat is dependent on what characteristic of seeds?

Which part of a flower develops into the pericarp of the fruit?

The first,asymmetric division of the zygote produces two daughter cells that become

The form of a plant body is mainly determined by the planes in which cells divide and by controlled changes in cell shapes.Which of these is not part of these developmental patterns?

The Myb gene product is important in

Plant tissues that contain cells capable of repeated division and are found at the root and shoot apices are called

Germination and early seedling growth require the use of metabolic reserves in the seed,which include starch grains known as

The name of the meristematic tissue that gives rise to future vascular tissue is

Which of these is not an adaptive value of seeds for land plants?

Which of these is an aggregate fruit?

What is one explanation for why Hox genes that determine body plans are less important in plant embryos than animal embryos?

Which one of the following statements about the epicotyl is true?

Your friend has never gardened before,and when none of the seeds he planted germinated,he asked you to suggest why.Which of the following statements is the best explanation of what occurred?

α\alphaα -amylase and other hydrolytic enzymes that allow endosperm starches to be broken down during seed germination are produced in which part of the seed?

Which of these structures does not begin development during embryogenesis?

The HOBBIT gene in an embryo helps to control the development of what structure?

One of the primary benefits of fruits for a plant is that

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes Mapping and the Meiosis - Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Tree of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Overview of Green Plants

Fungi

Overview of Animal Diversity

Noncoelomate Invertebrates

Coelomate Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Population Ecology

Community of Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology

$\alpha$ -amylase and other hydrolytic enzymes that allow endosperm starches to be broken down during seed germination are produced in which part of the seed?