Question 1

Crossing over of chromosomes takes place in

Accepted Answer

A) prophase II. 
B) prophase I. 
C) interphase II. 
D) interphase I. 
E) metaphase II. 
A) prophase II. 
B) prophase I. 
C) interphase II. 
D) interphase I. 
E) metaphase II. B

Question 2

Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis I.The two sister chromatids of each homologous pair of chromosomes remain attached by

Accepted Answer

A) a common centromere and the synapsis. 
B) a common centromere and the chiasmata. 
C) a common centromere and the recombination synapsis. 
D) a common centromere and the synaptonemal complex. 
E) a common centromere and the spindle fibers. 
A) a common centromere and the synapsis. 
B) a common centromere and the chiasmata. 
C) a common centromere and the recombination synapsis. 
D) a common centromere and the synaptonemal complex. 
E) a common centromere and the spindle fibers. D

Question 3

You are studying mitosis in an organism that has 28 chromosomes as its diploid number.How many chromosomes will the cell have after mitosis,but before cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

A) 7 
B) 14 
C) 28 
D) 56 
A) 7 
B) 14 
C) 28 
D) 56 D

Question 4

The synaptonemal complex develops early in meiosis.It is

Accepted Answer

A) a cluster of chromatids at the end of the cell. 
B) a framework of microtubules that organize chromatids. 
C) a lattice of proteins that holds homologues together. 
D) a set of two homologues lined side by side. 
E) the wound up regions of DNA molecules. 
A) a cluster of chromatids at the end of the cell. 
B) a framework of microtubules that organize chromatids. 
C) a lattice of proteins that holds homologues together. 
D) a set of two homologues lined side by side. 
E) the wound up regions of DNA molecules.

Question 5

In one of the first steps in meiosis,the

Accepted Answer

A) clearly defined spindle apparatus appears in the center of the cell. 
B) chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. 
C) half chromosomes are made inactive. 
D) homologous pairs of chromosomes pair up along their length. 
E) chromosomes become invisiblE. 
A) clearly defined spindle apparatus appears in the center of the cell. 
B) chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. 
C) half chromosomes are made inactive. 
D) homologous pairs of chromosomes pair up along their length. 
E) chromosomes become invisiblE.

Question 6

______ cells such as gametes contain one set of chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) Muscle 
B) Somatic 
C) Diploid 
D) Haploid 
A) Muscle 
B) Somatic 
C) Diploid 
D) Haploid

Question 7

The cell produced by the fusion of an egg and a sperm is the

Accepted Answer

A) gamete. 
B) haploid. 
C) zygote. 
D) germ line cell. 
E) somatic cell. 
A) gamete. 
B) haploid. 
C) zygote. 
D) germ line cell. 
E) somatic cell.

Question 8

The fusion of male gamete cells with female gamete cells is called

Accepted Answer

A) syngamy. 
B) meiosis. 
C) mitosis. 
D) recombination. 
E) synapsis. 
A) syngamy. 
B) meiosis. 
C) mitosis. 
D) recombination. 
E) synapsis.

Question 9

Four chromatids are held together by a zipper-like structure.

Accepted Answer

A) chiasma 
B) homologue 
C) kinetochore 
D) synapsis 
E) synaptonemal 
A) chiasma 
B) homologue 
C) kinetochore 
D) synapsis 
E) synaptonemal

Question 10

Between the two divisions of meiosis there is

Accepted Answer

A) a full cell cycle. 
B) a pairing of homologues. 
C) replication of some parts of the chromosomes. 
D) no S phase. 
E) random combination among chromatids. 
A) a full cell cycle. 
B) a pairing of homologues. 
C) replication of some parts of the chromosomes. 
D) no S phase. 
E) random combination among chromatids.

Question 11

Structures that may be visible under the microscope and indicate where crossing over has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A) chiasma 
B) homologue 
C) kinetochore 
D) synapsis 
E) synaptonemal 
A) chiasma 
B) homologue 
C) kinetochore 
D) synapsis 
E) synaptonemal

Question 12

The pairing of chromosomes along their lengths which is essential for crossing over is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) syngamy. 
B) synapsis. 
C) prophase. 
D) recombination. 
E) centromerE. 
A) syngamy. 
B) synapsis. 
C) prophase. 
D) recombination. 
E) centromerE.

Question 13

Why does sexual reproduction require both meiosis and syngamy?

Accepted Answer

A) The process of mitosis results in the production of gametes in which the number of chromosomes remains the same.During sygamy,two gametes fuse to form a new cell,and the number of chromosomes is restored to the full amount.Therefore,by coupling meiosis and syngamy,the organism ensures that the proper number of chromosomes will be maintained. 
B) The process of mitosis results in the production of gametes in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.During sygamy,two gametes fuse to form a new cell,and the number of chromosomes is restored to the full amount.Therefore,by coupling meiosis and syngamy,the organism ensures that the proper number of chromosomes will be maintained. 
C) The process of mitosis results in the production of gametes in which the number of chromosomes is doubled.During sygamy,gametes are reduced by half,and the number of chromosomes is restored to the full amount.Therefore,by coupling meiosis and syngamy,the organism ensures that the proper number of chromosomes will be maintained. 
A) The process of mitosis results in the production of gametes in which the number of chromosomes remains the same.During sygamy,two gametes fuse to form a new cell,and the number of chromosomes is restored to the full amount.Therefore,by coupling meiosis and syngamy,the organism ensures that the proper number of chromosomes will be maintained. 
B) The process of mitosis results in the production of gametes in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.During sygamy,two gametes fuse to form a new cell,and the number of chromosomes is restored to the full amount.Therefore,by coupling meiosis and syngamy,the organism ensures that the proper number of chromosomes will be maintained. 
C) The process of mitosis results in the production of gametes in which the number of chromosomes is doubled.During sygamy,gametes are reduced by half,and the number of chromosomes is restored to the full amount.Therefore,by coupling meiosis and syngamy,the organism ensures that the proper number of chromosomes will be maintained.

Question 14

The homologous chromosomes (homologues)pair up during meiosis I.Each homologue pairs along its entire length.This process is called

Accepted Answer

A) syngamy. 
B) synapsis. 
C) meiosis. 
D) mitosis. 
E) crossing over. 
A) syngamy. 
B) synapsis. 
C) meiosis. 
D) mitosis. 
E) crossing over.

Question 15

You are comparing the events of meiosis I in cells from several different organisms.You come across one species in which you do not observe any chiasmata.Based on this information you are observing

Accepted Answer

A) independent chiasmata formation in Drosophila males. 
B) independent chiasmata formation in Drosophila females. 
C) achiasmata segregation in Drosophila males. 
D) achiasmata segregation in Drosophila females. 
A) independent chiasmata formation in Drosophila males. 
B) independent chiasmata formation in Drosophila females. 
C) achiasmata segregation in Drosophila males. 
D) achiasmata segregation in Drosophila females.

Question 16

One of the most likely explanations for the evolutionary origin of sexual reproduction is that

Accepted Answer

A) organisms could then move onto land. 
B) DNA replication errors could be corrected by recombination. 
C) more and larger offspring could be produced. 
D) haploid cells require less energy and raw materials. 
A) organisms could then move onto land. 
B) DNA replication errors could be corrected by recombination. 
C) more and larger offspring could be produced. 
D) haploid cells require less energy and raw materials.

Question 17

You are studying meiosis in an organism that has 28 chromosomes as its diploid number.How many chromosomes will each nucleus have after meiosis I,but before cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

A) 14 
B) 28 
C) 56 
D) cannot determine from the information provided 
A) 14 
B) 28 
C) 56 
D) cannot determine from the information provided

Question 18

A reproductive biologist is examining reproductive cells at the end of meiosis I.She notices that each of the two resulting cells are haploid.She also knows that meiosis II will produce haploid cells.How can her observations be explained?

Accepted Answer

A) There must be an error and she needs to refocus her microscope and look again. 
B) The cells that resulted from meiosis I are in fact haploid,but are composed of two sister chromatids.The sister chromatids will be pulled apart during meiosis II,producing haploid gametes. 
C) The cells that resulted from meiosis I are in fact diploid and this explains her observational error and also her knowledge of the meiosis II resulting in haploid cells. 
D) The cells that resulted from meiosis I are in fact haploid,but her knowledge of the result of meiosis II is not accurate,at least for this particular cell type. 
E) The cells that she observed are abnormal and will require further observations. 
A) There must be an error and she needs to refocus her microscope and look again. 
B) The cells that resulted from meiosis I are in fact haploid,but are composed of two sister chromatids.The sister chromatids will be pulled apart during meiosis II,producing haploid gametes. 
C) The cells that resulted from meiosis I are in fact diploid and this explains her observational error and also her knowledge of the meiosis II resulting in haploid cells. 
D) The cells that resulted from meiosis I are in fact haploid,but her knowledge of the result of meiosis II is not accurate,at least for this particular cell type. 
E) The cells that she observed are abnormal and will require further observations.

Question 19

All of the following animal cells are diploid except

Accepted Answer

A) gametic. 
B) muscles. 
C) nerves. 
D) skin. 
E) reproductive organ. 
A) gametic. 
B) muscles. 
C) nerves. 
D) skin. 
E) reproductive organ.

Question 20

Meiosis also has been called reduction division because

Accepted Answer

A) new somatic cells are produced but with a reduction in the required amount of time,which promotes faster wound healing. 
B) new gametes are produced but their numbers are reduced. 
C) there is a reduction in the chromosome number during two separate nuclear and cell divisions to produce gametes. 
D) there is a reduction in the chromosome number during two separate nuclear and cell divisions to produce somatic cells. 
E) there is an initial reduction in the chromosome number during the first division followed by an increase in chromosome number,the second division quickly follows the increase in number of chromosomes. 
A) new somatic cells are produced but with a reduction in the required amount of time,which promotes faster wound healing. 
B) new gametes are produced but their numbers are reduced. 
C) there is a reduction in the chromosome number during two separate nuclear and cell divisions to produce gametes. 
D) there is a reduction in the chromosome number during two separate nuclear and cell divisions to produce somatic cells. 
E) there is an initial reduction in the chromosome number during the first division followed by an increase in chromosome number,the second division quickly follows the increase in number of chromosomes.

Exam 11: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Crossing over of chromosomes takes place in

Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis I.The two sister chromatids of each homologous pair of chromosomes remain attached by

You are studying mitosis in an organism that has 28 chromosomes as its diploid number.How many chromosomes will the cell have after mitosis,but before cytokinesis?

The synaptonemal complex develops early in meiosis.It is

In one of the first steps in meiosis,the

______ cells such as gametes contain one set of chromosomes.

The cell produced by the fusion of an egg and a sperm is the

The fusion of male gamete cells with female gamete cells is called

Four chromatids are held together by a zipper-like structure.

Between the two divisions of meiosis there is

Structures that may be visible under the microscope and indicate where crossing over has occurred.

The pairing of chromosomes along their lengths which is essential for crossing over is referred to as

Why does sexual reproduction require both meiosis and syngamy?

The homologous chromosomes (homologues)pair up during meiosis I.Each homologue pairs along its entire length.This process is called

You are comparing the events of meiosis I in cells from several different organisms.You come across one species in which you do not observe any chiasmata.Based on this information you are observing

One of the most likely explanations for the evolutionary origin of sexual reproduction is that

You are studying meiosis in an organism that has 28 chromosomes as its diploid number.How many chromosomes will each nucleus have after meiosis I,but before cytokinesis?

A reproductive biologist is examining reproductive cells at the end of meiosis I.She notices that each of the two resulting cells are haploid.She also knows that meiosis II will produce haploid cells.How can her observations be explained?

All of the following animal cells are diploid except

Meiosis also has been called reduction division because

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes Mapping and the Meiosis - Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Tree of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Overview of Green Plants

Fungi

Overview of Animal Diversity

Noncoelomate Invertebrates

Coelomate Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Form

Vegetative Plant Development

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Population Ecology

Community of Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology