Question 1

Small molecules or ions can pass from one cell to another through

Accepted Answer

A) tight junctions. 
B) gap junctions. 
C) diffusion spheres. 
D) desmosomes. 
E) adherens junctions. 
A) tight junctions. 
B) gap junctions. 
C) diffusion spheres. 
D) desmosomes. 
E) adherens junctions. B

Question 2

Specific protein receptors are present for all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) signal amplification. 
B) signal transduction. 
C) intracellular receptors binding to DNA. 
D) signaling to other cells. 
E) cell junctions. 
A) signal amplification. 
B) signal transduction. 
C) intracellular receptors binding to DNA. 
D) signaling to other cells. 
E) cell junctions. E

Question 3

G-protein-coupled receptors are the largest family of cell surface receptors.Each receptor passes through the plasma membrane

Accepted Answer

A) three times. 
B) four times. 
C) five times. 
D) six times. 
E) seven times. 
A) three times. 
B) four times. 
C) five times. 
D) six times. 
E) seven times. E

Question 4

You are planning to perform some protein-protein interaction studies to identify a receptor for a steroid hormone you have been working on.With which of the following types of cell extracts should you begin?

Accepted Answer

A) plasma membrane 
B) extracellular 
C) cytoplasmic 
D) nuclear 
A) plasma membrane 
B) extracellular 
C) cytoplasmic 
D) nuclear

Question 5

A small number of surface receptors can ultimately generate a large intracellular response,as each step of the pathway is often expanded by

Accepted Answer

A) enzymatic receptors. 
B) gated ion channels. 
C) signal amplification. 
D) G-protein-coupled receptors. 
A) enzymatic receptors. 
B) gated ion channels. 
C) signal amplification. 
D) G-protein-coupled receptors.

Question 6

Endocrine signaling involves the release of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) neurotransmitters 
B) hormones 
C) peptides 
D) cells 
A) neurotransmitters 
B) hormones 
C) peptides 
D) cells

Question 7

Enzymatic receptors typically activate intracellular proteins by ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) charging 
B) energy 
C) binding 
D) phosphorylation 
A) charging 
B) energy 
C) binding 
D) phosphorylation

Question 8

Signal molecules on a cell membrane interact with molecules on a neighboring cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) paracrine signaling 
B) direct contact 
C) endocrine signaling 
D) synaptic signaling 
A) paracrine signaling 
B) direct contact 
C) endocrine signaling 
D) synaptic signaling

Question 9

Which pair are examples of second messengers?

Accepted Answer

A) sodium,potassium ions 
B) amino acids,proteins 
C) steroids,lipids 
D) sugars,starches 
E) cAMP,calcium ions 
A) sodium,potassium ions 
B) amino acids,proteins 
C) steroids,lipids 
D) sugars,starches 
E) cAMP,calcium ions

Question 10

If the effector protein phospholipase C failed to cleave phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2),the action of which of the following molecules would be affected?

Accepted Answer

A) cAMP 
B) calmodulin 
C) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
D) protein kinase C (PK
C)  
A) cAMP 
B) calmodulin 
C) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
D) protein kinase C (PK
C)

Question 11

Long-lived;affects cells very distant from the releasing cell.

Accepted Answer

A) paracrine signaling 
B) direct contact 
C) endocrine signaling 
D) synaptic signaling 
A) paracrine signaling 
B) direct contact 
C) endocrine signaling 
D) synaptic signaling

Question 12

Thyroid hormone is a steroid hormone that can exert various effects depending on the type of tissue in which it is expressed.This action may be due to the presence of different subtypes of intracellular receptors or

Accepted Answer

A) coactivators. 
B) cell surface receptors. 
C) protein response factors. 
D) G protein activity. 
A) coactivators. 
B) cell surface receptors. 
C) protein response factors. 
D) G protein activity.

Question 13

Which of the following is considered to be a second messenger?

Accepted Answer

A) cAMP 
B) Ca++ ions 
C) diacyl glycerol (DAG) 
D) inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) 
E) phospholipase C 
A) cAMP 
B) Ca++ ions 
C) diacyl glycerol (DAG) 
D) inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) 
E) phospholipase C

Question 14

You have identified a novel cytoplasmic protein.Sequence analysis revealed the presence of a number of serine/threonine phosphorylation motifs.Based on this data,you hypothesize that this protein may be a substrate for a

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase. 
B) receptor tyrosine kinase. 
C) G-protein-coupled receptor. 
D) phosphotyrosine adapter protein. 
A) protein kinase. 
B) receptor tyrosine kinase. 
C) G-protein-coupled receptor. 
D) phosphotyrosine adapter protein.

Question 15

Short lived;used by nerve cells.

Accepted Answer

A) paracrine signaling 
B) direct contact 
C) endocrine signaling 
D) synaptic signaling 
A) paracrine signaling 
B) direct contact 
C) endocrine signaling 
D) synaptic signaling

Question 16

Why is phosphorylation-dephosphorylation commonly used to regulate signal transduction pathways?

Accepted Answer

A) Phosphate groups are efficient second messengers. 
B) Protein kinases and phosphatases are abundant in most cells. 
C) The hydrolysis of bound GTP results in GDP and Pi. 
D) The addition or removal of a phosphate group can expose or hide potential binding sites in proteins. 
A) Phosphate groups are efficient second messengers. 
B) Protein kinases and phosphatases are abundant in most cells. 
C) The hydrolysis of bound GTP results in GDP and Pi. 
D) The addition or removal of a phosphate group can expose or hide potential binding sites in proteins.

Question 17

Which of the following proteins phosphorylates MAP kinase kinase?

Accepted Answer

A) MAP kinase 
B) MAP kinase kinase 
C) MAP kinase kinase kinase 
D) MAP phosphatase 
A) MAP kinase 
B) MAP kinase kinase 
C) MAP kinase kinase kinase 
D) MAP phosphatase

Question 18

Signal molecules activate intracellular receptors in

Accepted Answer

A) chromosomes. 
B) vesicles. 
C) target cells. 
D) skin cells. 
E) surface cells. 
A) chromosomes. 
B) vesicles. 
C) target cells. 
D) skin cells. 
E) surface cells.

Question 19

Some plant cells have their cytoplasms linked,which permits small molecules and ions to pass from one cell to the other.These areas of cytoplasmic linkages are called

Accepted Answer

A) gap junctions. 
B) anchoring junctions. 
C) tight junctions. 
D) plasmodesmata. 
E) adherens junctions. 
A) gap junctions. 
B) anchoring junctions. 
C) tight junctions. 
D) plasmodesmata. 
E) adherens junctions.

Question 20

Some enzymatic receptors and most G-protein-coupled receptors carry the signal molecule's message into the target cell by utilizing other substances within the cytoplasm commonly called

Accepted Answer

A) genes. 
B) intracellular receptors. 
C) enzymes. 
D) second messengers. 
E) first messengers. 
A) genes. 
B) intracellular receptors. 
C) enzymes. 
D) second messengers. 
E) first messengers.

Exam 9: Cell Communication

Small molecules or ions can pass from one cell to another through

Specific protein receptors are present for all of the following except

G-protein-coupled receptors are the largest family of cell surface receptors.Each receptor passes through the plasma membrane

You are planning to perform some protein-protein interaction studies to identify a receptor for a steroid hormone you have been working on.With which of the following types of cell extracts should you begin?

A small number of surface receptors can ultimately generate a large intracellular response,as each step of the pathway is often expanded by

Endocrine signaling involves the release of __________.

Enzymatic receptors typically activate intracellular proteins by ____________.

Signal molecules on a cell membrane interact with molecules on a neighboring cell membrane.

Which pair are examples of second messengers?

If the effector protein phospholipase C failed to cleave phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2),the action of which of the following molecules would be affected?

Long-lived;affects cells very distant from the releasing cell.

Thyroid hormone is a steroid hormone that can exert various effects depending on the type of tissue in which it is expressed.This action may be due to the presence of different subtypes of intracellular receptors or

Which of the following is considered to be a second messenger?

You have identified a novel cytoplasmic protein.Sequence analysis revealed the presence of a number of serine/threonine phosphorylation motifs.Based on this data,you hypothesize that this protein may be a substrate for a

Short lived;used by nerve cells.

Why is phosphorylation-dephosphorylation commonly used to regulate signal transduction pathways?

Which of the following proteins phosphorylates MAP kinase kinase?

Signal molecules activate intracellular receptors in

Some plant cells have their cytoplasms linked,which permits small molecules and ions to pass from one cell to the other.These areas of cytoplasmic linkages are called

Some enzymatic receptors and most G-protein-coupled receptors carry the signal molecule's message into the target cell by utilizing other substances within the cytoplasm commonly called

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If the effector protein phospholipase C failed to cleave phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂),the action of which of the following molecules would be affected?