Question 1

Systemic acquired resistance is

Accepted Answer

A) a broad-ranging resistance that lasts for a period of days. 
B) the same as the human immune response. 
C) a response whereby antibodies recognize specific antigens. 
D) a response that occurs when the hypersensitive response fails. 
E) a method for plants to modify their DNA for protection. 
A) a broad-ranging resistance that lasts for a period of days. 
B) the same as the human immune response. 
C) a response whereby antibodies recognize specific antigens. 
D) a response that occurs when the hypersensitive response fails. 
E) a method for plants to modify their DNA for protection. A

Question 2

Nonnative plant invaders,such as the alfalfa plant bug,are extremely invasive and hard to control because

Accepted Answer

A) they arrive in new locations where natural predators are not present. 
B) they tap into the xylem of a plant while seeking carbohydrates. 
C) they cause the plants' axillary buds to grow out. 
D) their populations evolve faster than the plants they attack. 
E) cause the plants' stomates to become unevenly distributed within the epidermis. 
A) they arrive in new locations where natural predators are not present. 
B) they tap into the xylem of a plant while seeking carbohydrates. 
C) they cause the plants' axillary buds to grow out. 
D) their populations evolve faster than the plants they attack. 
E) cause the plants' stomates to become unevenly distributed within the epidermis. A

Question 3

Which of the following methods do fungi use in order to penetrate the initial layer of a plant's defenses?

Accepted Answer

A) mechanical bridging 
B) sharp mouthparts 
C) entry through stomates 
D) secretion of phospholipids to dissolve the cuticle 
A) mechanical bridging 
B) sharp mouthparts 
C) entry through stomates 
D) secretion of phospholipids to dissolve the cuticle C

Question 4

Which of the following is not a method plants use to combat invaders?

Accepted Answer

A) silica crystals in certain tissues 
B) trichomes on surfaces 
C) thorns 
D) tough bark 
E) guard cells 
A) silica crystals in certain tissues 
B) trichomes on surfaces 
C) thorns 
D) tough bark 
E) guard cells

Question 5

The plant alkaloid ricin is nontoxic inside castor beans,but becomes active when digested by an animal.The toxic form of ricin kills by

Accepted Answer

A) inactivating the animal's immune system. 
B) over stimulating the animal's heart rate. 
C) inactivating ribosomes needed for translation. 
D) binding to RNA polymerase. 
E) releasing cyanidE. 
A) inactivating the animal's immune system. 
B) over stimulating the animal's heart rate. 
C) inactivating ribosomes needed for translation. 
D) binding to RNA polymerase. 
E) releasing cyanidE.

Question 6

In order to eat cassava from the Manihot plant safely,how does the plant have to be processed?

Accepted Answer

A) The roots must be ground into a fine flour. 
B) The seeds must be removed from the fruits. 
C) The leaves must be pickled. 
D) The outer layers of the root have to be scrubbed off. 
E) The cassava must be boiled for 10 hours. 
A) The roots must be ground into a fine flour. 
B) The seeds must be removed from the fruits. 
C) The leaves must be pickled. 
D) The outer layers of the root have to be scrubbed off. 
E) The cassava must be boiled for 10 hours.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the pathogen-specific response is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The pathways involved always trigger the hypersensitive response. 
B) The pathogen is recognized by its avr gene product. 
C) There is never a gene-for-gene response. 
D) If the R gene product is not triggered,no disease will occur. 
E) Avr and R gene pairs have been cloned in species pathogenized by microbes,fungi,and insects. 
A) The pathways involved always trigger the hypersensitive response. 
B) The pathogen is recognized by its avr gene product. 
C) There is never a gene-for-gene response. 
D) If the R gene product is not triggered,no disease will occur. 
E) Avr and R gene pairs have been cloned in species pathogenized by microbes,fungi,and insects.

Question 8

How does systemin cause the activation of the wound response in tomato plants?

Accepted Answer

A) It binds directly to jasmonic acid. 
B) It directly signals gene expression. 
C) It induces the production of tannins. 
D) It moves through the apoplast,and then travels through the phloem,where it induces a jasmonic acid signaling pathway in certain cells. 
E) It triggers genes that are able to signal the plant that mechanical injury has occurred. 
A) It binds directly to jasmonic acid. 
B) It directly signals gene expression. 
C) It induces the production of tannins. 
D) It moves through the apoplast,and then travels through the phloem,where it induces a jasmonic acid signaling pathway in certain cells. 
E) It triggers genes that are able to signal the plant that mechanical injury has occurred.

Question 9

Which pest can trigger knot-like tumors in plant roots?

Accepted Answer

A) aphids 
B) mycorrhizae 
C) Rhizobium bacteria 
D) nematode worms 
E) hornworms 
A) aphids 
B) mycorrhizae 
C) Rhizobium bacteria 
D) nematode worms 
E) hornworms

Question 10

____________ occurs when a chemical signal secreted by the roots of one plant blocks the germination of nearby seeds or inhibits the growth of a neighboring plant.

Accepted Answer

A) Nodulation 
B) Etiolation 
C) Reduction 
D) Allelopathy 
E) The systemic response 
A) Nodulation 
B) Etiolation 
C) Reduction 
D) Allelopathy 
E) The systemic response

Question 11

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
-A pathogenesis-related gene.

Accepted Answer

A) avr 
B) HR 
C) PR 
D) R 
E) SAR 
A) avr 
B) HR 
C) PR 
D) R 
E) SAR

Question 12

An invader is considered to be virulent if

Accepted Answer

A) it expresses avr genes. 
B) it induces the hypersensitive response. 
C) rapid cell death occurs around the site of the attack. 
D) there is no R gene recognition of the invader. 
E) systemic acquired resistance is triggered. 
A) it expresses avr genes. 
B) it induces the hypersensitive response. 
C) rapid cell death occurs around the site of the attack. 
D) there is no R gene recognition of the invader. 
E) systemic acquired resistance is triggered.

Question 13

Plants such as peppermint and sage contain oils.What is the function of these oils?

Accepted Answer

A) They help keep the plant from drying out. 
B) They help repel insects. 
C) They keep other plants from germinating nearby. 
D) They prevent fungal infection. 
E) They have hormone-like activity that helps wounds heal. 
A) They help keep the plant from drying out. 
B) They help repel insects. 
C) They keep other plants from germinating nearby. 
D) They prevent fungal infection. 
E) They have hormone-like activity that helps wounds heal.

Question 14

The series of metabolic events that occurs within tomato plants in response to wounding is known as

Accepted Answer

A) a systemic response. 
B) a waterfall effect. 
C) the hypersensitive response. 
D) a pathogen-specific response. 
E) resistance to coevolution. 
A) a systemic response. 
B) a waterfall effect. 
C) the hypersensitive response. 
D) a pathogen-specific response. 
E) resistance to coevolution.

Question 15

How does jasmonic acid contribute to the activation of the wound response in tomato plants?

Accepted Answer

A) It moves through the phloem of the plant until it reaches the wound site. 
B) It produces a polypeptide that binds with membrane lipids. 
C) It binds to enzymes in the gut of the predator. 
D) It increases the energy available for the plants to fight the predator. 
E) It signals gene expression,leading to the production of a proteinase inhibitor. 
A) It moves through the phloem of the plant until it reaches the wound site. 
B) It produces a polypeptide that binds with membrane lipids. 
C) It binds to enzymes in the gut of the predator. 
D) It increases the energy available for the plants to fight the predator. 
E) It signals gene expression,leading to the production of a proteinase inhibitor.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about plant secondary metabolites is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Some can be used to treat human diseases. 
B) Some can be poisonous to humans. 
C) The activity of certain medicines is due to secondary metabolites. 
D) Some of them can cross the placenta during pregnancy. 
E) They are too unpredictable to use in pharmaceutical research. 
A) Some can be used to treat human diseases. 
B) Some can be poisonous to humans. 
C) The activity of certain medicines is due to secondary metabolites. 
D) Some of them can cross the placenta during pregnancy. 
E) They are too unpredictable to use in pharmaceutical research.

Question 17

Plants' first line of defense against attack by pathogens is

Accepted Answer

A) the thick walls of cells within the xylem tissue. 
B) the dermal tissue system. 
C) the plasma membrane of the cells. 
D) various secondary metabolites,such as quinine. 
E) the hypersensitive responsE. 
A) the thick walls of cells within the xylem tissue. 
B) the dermal tissue system. 
C) the plasma membrane of the cells. 
D) various secondary metabolites,such as quinine. 
E) the hypersensitive responsE.

Question 18

Why don't ants that protect the Acacia tree scare off bees trying to pollinate the tree's flowers?

Accepted Answer

A) They can't climb to the tops of the tree. 
B) The bees are too big. 
C) The bees fly in and out quickly. 
D) The open flowers contain a chemical that is an ant deterrent. 
E) Parasitoid wasps protect the bees from attack. 
A) They can't climb to the tops of the tree. 
B) The bees are too big. 
C) The bees fly in and out quickly. 
D) The open flowers contain a chemical that is an ant deterrent. 
E) Parasitoid wasps protect the bees from attack.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the relationship between ants and acacia trees is not accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) The ants protect the acacias from other insects. 
B) The ants protect the acacias from epiphytic plants and vines. 
C) The ants live in the hollow thorns of the acacias. 
D) The ants are provided with sugar or other nutrition by some species of acacia. 
E) The ants aid pollination of the acacias. 
A) The ants protect the acacias from other insects. 
B) The ants protect the acacias from epiphytic plants and vines. 
C) The ants live in the hollow thorns of the acacias. 
D) The ants are provided with sugar or other nutrition by some species of acacia. 
E) The ants aid pollination of the acacias.

Question 20

Systemin can correctly be described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) peptide. 
B) apoplast. 
C) receptor. 
D) leaf lipiD. 
E) carbohydratE. 
A) peptide. 
B) apoplast. 
C) receptor. 
D) leaf lipiD. 
E) carbohydratE.

Exam 40: Plant Defense Responses

Systemic acquired resistance is

Nonnative plant invaders,such as the alfalfa plant bug,are extremely invasive and hard to control because

Which of the following methods do fungi use in order to penetrate the initial layer of a plant's defenses?

Which of the following is not a method plants use to combat invaders?

The plant alkaloid ricin is nontoxic inside castor beans,but becomes active when digested by an animal.The toxic form of ricin kills by

In order to eat cassava from the Manihot plant safely,how does the plant have to be processed?

Which of the following statements about the pathogen-specific response is true?

How does systemin cause the activation of the wound response in tomato plants?

Which pest can trigger knot-like tumors in plant roots?

____________ occurs when a chemical signal secreted by the roots of one plant blocks the germination of nearby seeds or inhibits the growth of a neighboring plant.

Choose the letter of the best match from the following: -A pathogenesis-related gene.

An invader is considered to be virulent if

Plants such as peppermint and sage contain oils.What is the function of these oils?

The series of metabolic events that occurs within tomato plants in response to wounding is known as

How does jasmonic acid contribute to the activation of the wound response in tomato plants?

Which of the following statements about plant secondary metabolites is false?

Plants' first line of defense against attack by pathogens is

Why don't ants that protect the Acacia tree scare off bees trying to pollinate the tree's flowers?

Which of the following statements about the relationship between ants and acacia trees is not accurate?

Systemin can correctly be described as a(n)

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