Question 1

Structures that are derived from the same body part in a common ancestor but may have different appearances and functions are called

Accepted Answer

A) analogous structures. 
B) homologous structures. 
C) vestigial structures. 
D) embryonic structures. 
E) homozygous structures. 
A) analogous structures. 
B) homologous structures. 
C) vestigial structures. 
D) embryonic structures. 
E) homozygous structures. B

Question 2

Progressive changes in fossils of different ages provides one of the strongest lines of evidence for

Accepted Answer

A) extinction. 
B) evolution. 
C) coevolution. 
D) adaptation. 
E) mutation. 
A) extinction. 
B) evolution. 
C) coevolution. 
D) adaptation. 
E) mutation. B

Question 3

The evidence for industrial melanism as being due to an increase in the dark allele was provided from field tests carried out by

Accepted Answer

A) Kettlewell. 
B) Lamarck. 
C) Darwin. 
D) Tutt. 
E) WallacE. 
A) Kettlewell. 
B) Lamarck. 
C) Darwin. 
D) Tutt. 
E) WallacE. A

Question 4

Which aspect of natural selection is illustrated by figure 21.1b?

Accepted Answer

A) Variation must exist in the population. 
B) Variation among individuals must be genetically transmissible to the next generation. 
C) Variation among individuals leads to differences in lifetime reproductive success. 
D) More individuals are produced each generation than the environment can support,resulting in competition for survival. 
A) Variation must exist in the population. 
B) Variation among individuals must be genetically transmissible to the next generation. 
C) Variation among individuals leads to differences in lifetime reproductive success. 
D) More individuals are produced each generation than the environment can support,resulting in competition for survival.

Question 5

Today,the fossil record

Accepted Answer

A) can be dated only with one layer in relation to older layers below and younger layers above,no actual dates can be estimated. 
B) can be dated reasonably well only with uranium-238. 
C) can be dated reasonably well using a variety of radioactive isotopes with known half-lives. 
D) can be dated precisely,to within a single year,using radioactive isotopes. 
E) can be dated precisely,to within a single year,using DNA hybridization. 
A) can be dated only with one layer in relation to older layers below and younger layers above,no actual dates can be estimated. 
B) can be dated reasonably well only with uranium-238. 
C) can be dated reasonably well using a variety of radioactive isotopes with known half-lives. 
D) can be dated precisely,to within a single year,using radioactive isotopes. 
E) can be dated precisely,to within a single year,using DNA hybridization.

Question 6

The side toes of a horse,the pelvis of the whale,and the human appendix are all examples of

Accepted Answer

A) analogous structures. 
B) homologous structures. 
C) vestigial structures. 
D) homeotic mutations. 
E) acquired structures. 
A) analogous structures. 
B) homologous structures. 
C) vestigial structures. 
D) homeotic mutations. 
E) acquired structures.

Question 7

Which of the following seems to be least important in understanding the basis for industrial melanism?

Accepted Answer

A) abundance of lichens on trees 
B) greater camouflage of the dark moths on trees in polluted woodlands 
C) darkening of bark surfaces by pollutants 
D) greater crypticity of the light moths on trees in unpolluted woodlands 
E) differential predation by birds 
A) abundance of lichens on trees 
B) greater camouflage of the dark moths on trees in polluted woodlands 
C) darkening of bark surfaces by pollutants 
D) greater crypticity of the light moths on trees in unpolluted woodlands 
E) differential predation by birds

Question 8

The marsupials in Australia closely resemble the placental animals of the rest of the world,which argues that parallel selection has occurred.This represents which of the following lines of evolutionary evidence?

Accepted Answer

A) fossil record 
B) homology 
C) convergent evolution 
D) biogeography 
E) development 
A) fossil record 
B) homology 
C) convergent evolution 
D) biogeography 
E) development

Question 9

A friend is trying to understand the concept of convergent evolution.Which one of the following statements best describes this concept?

Accepted Answer

A) Convergent evolution occurs when two species living in the same area become reproductively isolated. 
B) Convergent evolution occurs when two species living in different areas become reestablished and are able to reproduce. 
C) Convergent evolution occurs when two species living in the same area are competing for the same resource thus causing one to evolve away from the other. 
D) Convergent evolution occurs when two species living in different areas evolve similarities through natural selection acting on those characteristics. 
A) Convergent evolution occurs when two species living in the same area become reproductively isolated. 
B) Convergent evolution occurs when two species living in different areas become reestablished and are able to reproduce. 
C) Convergent evolution occurs when two species living in the same area are competing for the same resource thus causing one to evolve away from the other. 
D) Convergent evolution occurs when two species living in different areas evolve similarities through natural selection acting on those characteristics.

Question 10

The convergence in form seen in sharks,tuna,and dolphins best relates to

Accepted Answer

A) a recent shared common ancestor. 
B) dissimilar selection pressures. 
C) the physical properties of water. 
D) the need to escape fast-moving predators. 
E) intelligent design. 
A) a recent shared common ancestor. 
B) dissimilar selection pressures. 
C) the physical properties of water. 
D) the need to escape fast-moving predators. 
E) intelligent design.

Question 11

A major implication of this study of Drosophila is

Accepted Answer

A) absolutely no data to prove or disprove the theory of evolution. 
B) it takes thousands to millions of generations to see evolutionary change,if at all. 
C) dramatic variation may be present within a population,but may not be observable unless strong selection occurs. 
D) dramatic mutations may occur within a population under strong selection. 
E) although evolutionary change was observed,this would not be expected in higher organisms such as micE. 
A) absolutely no data to prove or disprove the theory of evolution. 
B) it takes thousands to millions of generations to see evolutionary change,if at all. 
C) dramatic variation may be present within a population,but may not be observable unless strong selection occurs. 
D) dramatic mutations may occur within a population under strong selection. 
E) although evolutionary change was observed,this would not be expected in higher organisms such as micE.

Question 12

Many organisms possess structures that have no apparent function,but they resemble structures of presumed ancestors.This is the study of

Accepted Answer

A) the fossil record. 
B) the molecular record. 
C) homology. 
D) development. 
E) vestigial structures. 
A) the fossil record. 
B) the molecular record. 
C) homology. 
D) development. 
E) vestigial structures.

Question 13

Industrial melanism is a term

Accepted Answer

A) describing the color change induced by living in industrialized areas. 
B) explaining that the darker moths have higher mutation rates because of industrialization. 
C) describing the evolutionary process in which initially light-colored organisms become dark as a result of natural selection. 
D) explaining that the darker moths having higher reproductive success because of their pigmentation. 
E) describing the widespread implementation of pollution controls. 
A) describing the color change induced by living in industrialized areas. 
B) explaining that the darker moths have higher mutation rates because of industrialization. 
C) describing the evolutionary process in which initially light-colored organisms become dark as a result of natural selection. 
D) explaining that the darker moths having higher reproductive success because of their pigmentation. 
E) describing the widespread implementation of pollution controls.

Question 14

The wings of birds and butterflies are examples of structures that resemble each other and have similar function,but are the result of parallel evolution in separate lineages.These structures are called

Accepted Answer

A) analogous structures. 
B) homologous structures. 
C) vestigial structures. 
D) embryonic structures. 
E) homozygous structures. 
A) analogous structures. 
B) homologous structures. 
C) vestigial structures. 
D) embryonic structures. 
E) homozygous structures.

Question 15

Which one of the following is not true about species that show convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

A) Do not share a recent common ancestor. 
B) Must be found in the same biogeographical region. 
C) Subject to similar selection pressures. 
D) Have similar phenotypes. 
E) Can share homologous structures. 
A) Do not share a recent common ancestor. 
B) Must be found in the same biogeographical region. 
C) Subject to similar selection pressures. 
D) Have similar phenotypes. 
E) Can share homologous structures.

Question 16

Which one of the following features of Archaeopteryx clearly demonstrates that it was on the evolutionary line leading from dinosaurs to birds?

Accepted Answer

A) egg-laying ability 
B) teeth 
C) feathers 
D) bony tail 
E) claws on forelimbs 
A) egg-laying ability 
B) teeth 
C) feathers 
D) bony tail 
E) claws on forelimbs

Question 17

In experiments using artificial selection to change the number of bristles in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster,the resulting population of flies

Accepted Answer

A) Bristle number is likely determined by multiple genes. 
B) Some experiments used directional selection. 
C) Some experiments used disruptive selection. 
D) Large changes in bristle number took place within 35 generations. 
E) At the end of the experiment,were unable to interbreed with wild type flies. 
A) Bristle number is likely determined by multiple genes. 
B) Some experiments used directional selection. 
C) Some experiments used disruptive selection. 
D) Large changes in bristle number took place within 35 generations. 
E) At the end of the experiment,were unable to interbreed with wild type flies.

Question 18

Which statement best describes the correlation between beak depths of Geospiza fortis on the Galápagos island Daphne major and the dryness of the environment?

Accepted Answer

A) Birds with large beaks are favored during wet years. 
B) Birds with small beaks are favored in dry years. 
C) Birds with large beaks are favored during dry years. 
D) Birds with either size beak (large or small)are favored equally. 
A) Birds with large beaks are favored during wet years. 
B) Birds with small beaks are favored in dry years. 
C) Birds with large beaks are favored during dry years. 
D) Birds with either size beak (large or small)are favored equally.

Question 19

Evidence for evolution includes all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) the fossil record. 
B) homologous structures. 
C) the molecular record. 
D) intelligent design. 
E) vestigial structures. 
A) the fossil record. 
B) homologous structures. 
C) the molecular record. 
D) intelligent design. 
E) vestigial structures.

Question 20

Some of the most dramatic evidence for evolution has come from human agriculture.One of the most highly artificially selected crop plants is

Accepted Answer

A) peas. 
B) tomatoes. 
C) potatoes. 
D) corn. 
E) asparagus. 
A) peas. 
B) tomatoes. 
C) potatoes. 
D) corn. 
E) asparagus.

Exam 21: The Evidence for Evolution

Structures that are derived from the same body part in a common ancestor but may have different appearances and functions are called

Progressive changes in fossils of different ages provides one of the strongest lines of evidence for

The evidence for industrial melanism as being due to an increase in the dark allele was provided from field tests carried out by

Which aspect of natural selection is illustrated by figure 21.1b?

Today,the fossil record

The side toes of a horse,the pelvis of the whale,and the human appendix are all examples of

Which of the following seems to be least important in understanding the basis for industrial melanism?

The marsupials in Australia closely resemble the placental animals of the rest of the world,which argues that parallel selection has occurred.This represents which of the following lines of evolutionary evidence?

A friend is trying to understand the concept of convergent evolution.Which one of the following statements best describes this concept?

The convergence in form seen in sharks,tuna,and dolphins best relates to

A major implication of this study of Drosophila is

Many organisms possess structures that have no apparent function,but they resemble structures of presumed ancestors.This is the study of

Industrial melanism is a term

The wings of birds and butterflies are examples of structures that resemble each other and have similar function,but are the result of parallel evolution in separate lineages.These structures are called

Which one of the following is not true about species that show convergent evolution?

Which one of the following features of Archaeopteryx clearly demonstrates that it was on the evolutionary line leading from dinosaurs to birds?

In experiments using artificial selection to change the number of bristles in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster,the resulting population of flies

Which statement best describes the correlation between beak depths of Geospiza fortis on the Galápagos island Daphne major and the dryness of the environment?

Evidence for evolution includes all of the following except

Some of the most dramatic evidence for evolution has come from human agriculture.One of the most highly artificially selected crop plants is

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