Question 1

One of the reasons that pufferfish are a good species to compare to humans is because

Accepted Answer

A) it is so easy to hybridize the two and investigate the consequences. 
B) they are so distantly related that it's easy to distinguish mutually conserved sequences. 
C) the introns are often identical. 
D) of the rapid response time in pufferfish to artificial selection. 
E) they have been separated for so many millions of years and yet the gene sequence is almost identical. 
A) it is so easy to hybridize the two and investigate the consequences. 
B) they are so distantly related that it's easy to distinguish mutually conserved sequences. 
C) the introns are often identical. 
D) of the rapid response time in pufferfish to artificial selection. 
E) they have been separated for so many millions of years and yet the gene sequence is almost identical. B

Question 2

Genes with the same ancestral sequence are known as ___________________.

Accepted Answer

orthologues

Question 3

Which one of the following statements about the genomes of plants (especially Arabidopsis and rice),animals,and fungi is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Plants,animals,and fungi share most of the same genes for intermediary metabolism,genome replication,and protein synthesis. 
B) "Plant" genes include those coding for photosynthetic pathways and morphology. 
C) Plants generally have larger genomes than animals and fungi. 
D) Rice has fewer genes than humans. 
E) About 80% of the genomes of Arabidopsis and rice are the samE. 
A) Plants,animals,and fungi share most of the same genes for intermediary metabolism,genome replication,and protein synthesis. 
B) "Plant" genes include those coding for photosynthetic pathways and morphology. 
C) Plants generally have larger genomes than animals and fungi. 
D) Rice has fewer genes than humans. 
E) About 80% of the genomes of Arabidopsis and rice are the samE. D

Question 4

Which one of the following statements about the role of genome analysis in crop improvement is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Conservation of synteny will hinder our ability to find agriculturally important genes in plants. 
B) Arabidopsis has no commercial significance except as a model organism. 
C) Sequencing of the rice genome was important because it is related to many other cereal crop plants. 
D) Sequencing the genomes of beneficial microbes has already begun. 
E) Insertion of genes from beneficial microbes into plant genomes can be used to improve crop yields. 
A) Conservation of synteny will hinder our ability to find agriculturally important genes in plants. 
B) Arabidopsis has no commercial significance except as a model organism. 
C) Sequencing of the rice genome was important because it is related to many other cereal crop plants. 
D) Sequencing the genomes of beneficial microbes has already begun. 
E) Insertion of genes from beneficial microbes into plant genomes can be used to improve crop yields.

Question 5

The human genome

Accepted Answer

A) has no foreign DNA,it is excised by DNAases when it occurs. 
B) has a very small amount of foreign DNA,mostly in the end caps (telomeres)of chromosomes. 
C) has a lot of foreign DNA,mostly in the end caps (telomeres)of chromosomes. 
D) has a lot of foreign DNA scattered throughout the genome,including transposons. 
E) has entire foreign genes that are generally activated but produce harmless proteins. 
A) has no foreign DNA,it is excised by DNAases when it occurs. 
B) has a very small amount of foreign DNA,mostly in the end caps (telomeres)of chromosomes. 
C) has a lot of foreign DNA,mostly in the end caps (telomeres)of chromosomes. 
D) has a lot of foreign DNA scattered throughout the genome,including transposons. 
E) has entire foreign genes that are generally activated but produce harmless proteins.

Question 6

The types of human genes least likely to be duplicated,resulting in multiple copies,are

Accepted Answer

A) growth and development genes. 
B) immune system genes. 
C) genes for cell surface receptors. 
D) genes controlling basic metabolism. 
A) growth and development genes. 
B) immune system genes. 
C) genes for cell surface receptors. 
D) genes controlling basic metabolism.

Question 7

Which one of the following statements about foreign DNA in the human genome is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome is ancient. 
B) Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome exists as transposons. 
C) Like the Drosophila genome,the human genome is constantly eliminating its foreign DNA. 
D) Little new foreign DNA is entering the human genome. 
A) Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome is ancient. 
B) Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome exists as transposons. 
C) Like the Drosophila genome,the human genome is constantly eliminating its foreign DNA. 
D) Little new foreign DNA is entering the human genome.

Question 8

Which one of the following statements about horizontal gene transfer is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Horizontal gene transfer is also called lateral gene transfer. 
B) Horizontal gene transfer involves hitchhiking genes from other species. 
C) Horizontal gene transfer was common early in life,but is absent today. 
D) Gene swapping is evident in the human genome. 
E) The products of horizontal gene transfer often exist as transposons. 
A) Horizontal gene transfer is also called lateral gene transfer. 
B) Horizontal gene transfer involves hitchhiking genes from other species. 
C) Horizontal gene transfer was common early in life,but is absent today. 
D) Gene swapping is evident in the human genome. 
E) The products of horizontal gene transfer often exist as transposons.

Question 9

Some of the olfactory receptor (OR)genes in humans

Accepted Answer

A) have mutated dramatically away from the same genes in other primates. 
B) have been inactivated,reducing our olfactory capabilities compared to other primates. 
C) have been activated,enhancing our olfactory sense compared to other primates. 
D) have duplicated more frequently,resulting in increased paralogs compared to other primates. 
E) have been conserved more rigidly,resulting in increased orthologs compared to other primates. 
A) have mutated dramatically away from the same genes in other primates. 
B) have been inactivated,reducing our olfactory capabilities compared to other primates. 
C) have been activated,enhancing our olfactory sense compared to other primates. 
D) have duplicated more frequently,resulting in increased paralogs compared to other primates. 
E) have been conserved more rigidly,resulting in increased orthologs compared to other primates.

Question 10

Which one of the following statements about the evolution of speech is false?

Accepted Answer

A) In humans a single point mutation in the FOXP2 gene impairs speech and grammar. 
B) FOXP2 may be involved in songbird singing and mouse vocalization. 
C) The protein coded by the FOXP2 gene differs by only two amino acids in humans and chimps. 
D) The FOXP2 gene is involved in the control of the neuromuscular pathway leading to complex sound formation. 
E) FOXP2 codes for a hormone that directly targets the muscles of the larynx and mouth. 
A) In humans a single point mutation in the FOXP2 gene impairs speech and grammar. 
B) FOXP2 may be involved in songbird singing and mouse vocalization. 
C) The protein coded by the FOXP2 gene differs by only two amino acids in humans and chimps. 
D) The FOXP2 gene is involved in the control of the neuromuscular pathway leading to complex sound formation. 
E) FOXP2 codes for a hormone that directly targets the muscles of the larynx and mouth.

Question 11

Over long segments of chromosomes,the linear order of mouse and human genes is the same.This is called conservation of _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Over long segments of chromosomes,the linear order...

Question 12

The genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana,a small member of the mustard family of plants,and rice,Oryza sativa,have been sequenced.The findings include

Accepted Answer

A) the genome for each is almost identical,indicating that they diverged in the fairly recent past. 
B) they each have very high copy numbers (slightly divergent copies of a gene),probably indicating episodes of polyploidy and/or segmental duplication. 
C) repetitive DNA,including retrotransposons,was a very small proportion of both genomes. 
D) more than 90% of the genes in each were particular to plants and not found in animal or fungal genomes. 
A) the genome for each is almost identical,indicating that they diverged in the fairly recent past. 
B) they each have very high copy numbers (slightly divergent copies of a gene),probably indicating episodes of polyploidy and/or segmental duplication. 
C) repetitive DNA,including retrotransposons,was a very small proportion of both genomes. 
D) more than 90% of the genes in each were particular to plants and not found in animal or fungal genomes.

Question 13

Which one of the following shows the correct sequence of events involving allopolyploidy that gave rise to modern tobacco?

Accepted Answer

A) hybridization,chromosome doubling,duplicate gene loss 
B) hybridization,duplicate gene loss,chromosome doubling 
C) chromosome doubling,hybridization duplicate gene loss 
D) duplicate gene loss,hybridization,chromosome doubling 
A) hybridization,chromosome doubling,duplicate gene loss 
B) hybridization,duplicate gene loss,chromosome doubling 
C) chromosome doubling,hybridization duplicate gene loss 
D) duplicate gene loss,hybridization,chromosome doubling

Question 14

Which one of the following statements describing what we know about Plasmodium falciparum,the parasitic protist that causes malaria,is false?

Accepted Answer

A) P.falciparum has many genes with similar function clustered together on its chromosomes. 
B) P.falciparum is difficult for the immune system to target because it "cloaks" itself inside of red blood cells. 
C) P.falciparum has inherited a unique subcellular organelle called an apicoplast from the chloroplast of an alga. 
D) Although the P.falciparum apicoplast has no known function,targeting the apicoplast with chloroplast-specific herbicides might kill the parasite. 
A) P.falciparum has many genes with similar function clustered together on its chromosomes. 
B) P.falciparum is difficult for the immune system to target because it "cloaks" itself inside of red blood cells. 
C) P.falciparum has inherited a unique subcellular organelle called an apicoplast from the chloroplast of an alga. 
D) Although the P.falciparum apicoplast has no known function,targeting the apicoplast with chloroplast-specific herbicides might kill the parasite.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about orthologues and paralogues is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Orthologues are likely to have the same function. 
B) Both orthologues and paralogues result from gene duplication. 
C) The sequence of an orthologue is more likely to be conserved. 
D) Paralogues are more likely to be pseudogenes than orthologues. 
E) Paralogues often evolve new functions. 
A) Orthologues are likely to have the same function. 
B) Both orthologues and paralogues result from gene duplication. 
C) The sequence of an orthologue is more likely to be conserved. 
D) Paralogues are more likely to be pseudogenes than orthologues. 
E) Paralogues often evolve new functions.

Question 16

Genes that have DNA sequences similar to functional genes but that do not appear to produce any functional product are _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Genes that have DNA sequences similar to...

Question 17

Duplication of individual chromosomes instead of whole genomes can occur by _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Duplication of individual chromosomes instead of whole...

Question 18

Genes are assumed to be passed from generation to generation.This process is called _________________ gene transfer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Genes are assumed to be passed from...

Question 19

Genome studies show us that many genes and gene families are highly

Accepted Answer

A) active. 
B) variable. 
C) conserved. 
D) associational. 
E) endogenous. 
A) active. 
B) variable. 
C) conserved. 
D) associational. 
E) endogenous.

Question 20

Regarding the differences between the human genome and the tiger pufferfish genome

Accepted Answer

A) little can be said since pufferfish are not vertebrates-they are too different to compare. 
B) essentially all the human genes have nearly identical counterparts in pufferfish. 
C) the order of genes along the chromosomes in both species is essentially identical. 
D) both species have about the same amount of introns and "nonsense" sequences of DNA. 
E) about 25% of the human genes are unique when compared to the tiger pufferfish. 
A) little can be said since pufferfish are not vertebrates-they are too different to compare. 
B) essentially all the human genes have nearly identical counterparts in pufferfish. 
C) the order of genes along the chromosomes in both species is essentially identical. 
D) both species have about the same amount of introns and "nonsense" sequences of DNA. 
E) about 25% of the human genes are unique when compared to the tiger pufferfish.

Exam 24: Genome Evolution

One of the reasons that pufferfish are a good species to compare to humans is because

Genes with the same ancestral sequence are known as ___________________.

Which one of the following statements about the genomes of plants (especially Arabidopsis and rice),animals,and fungi is false?

Which one of the following statements about the role of genome analysis in crop improvement is false?

The human genome

The types of human genes least likely to be duplicated,resulting in multiple copies,are

Which one of the following statements about foreign DNA in the human genome is false?

Which one of the following statements about horizontal gene transfer is false?

Some of the olfactory receptor (OR)genes in humans

Which one of the following statements about the evolution of speech is false?

Over long segments of chromosomes,the linear order of mouse and human genes is the same.This is called conservation of _______________.

The genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana,a small member of the mustard family of plants,and rice,Oryza sativa,have been sequenced.The findings include

Which one of the following shows the correct sequence of events involving allopolyploidy that gave rise to modern tobacco?

Which one of the following statements describing what we know about Plasmodium falciparum,the parasitic protist that causes malaria,is false?

Which of the following statements about orthologues and paralogues is false?

Genes that have DNA sequences similar to functional genes but that do not appear to produce any functional product are _________________.

Duplication of individual chromosomes instead of whole genomes can occur by _________________.

Genes are assumed to be passed from generation to generation.This process is called _________________ gene transfer.

Genome studies show us that many genes and gene families are highly

Regarding the differences between the human genome and the tiger pufferfish genome

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

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