Question 1

Which one of the following statements comparing the human and chimpanzee genomes is false?

Accepted Answer

A) A comparison of genomes confirms that humans and chimpanzees are sibling species. 
B) Very few mutations seen in the two genomes occur in coding DNA. 
C) Some insertion-deletions (indels)lead to loss of function changes in the two genomes. 
D) More similarity exists between the genomes of human and chimpanzee than between human and mouse. 
E) The estimated genome sizes and number of genes is very similar in humans and chimpanzees. 
A) A comparison of genomes confirms that humans and chimpanzees are sibling species. 
B) Very few mutations seen in the two genomes occur in coding DNA. 
C) Some insertion-deletions (indels)lead to loss of function changes in the two genomes. 
D) More similarity exists between the genomes of human and chimpanzee than between human and mouse. 
E) The estimated genome sizes and number of genes is very similar in humans and chimpanzees.

Question 2

Gene swapping between different species,far more prevalent earlier in the history of life than now,is referred to as _________________ gene transfer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gene swapping between different species,far more prevalent...

Question 3

Which one of the following statements about genome size and gene number in plants is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Plants have an even greater genome size range than animals. 
B) Most plants have about 30,000 to 40,000 genes. 
C) The difference between genome sizes in wheat and rice can be explained by the fact that wheat is hexaploid (6n)while rice is diploid (2n). 
D) In plants,gene families have relatively high copy numbers. 
E) Forces that increase genome size include polyploidy,proliferation of transposable elements,and gene duplication. 
A) Plants have an even greater genome size range than animals. 
B) Most plants have about 30,000 to 40,000 genes. 
C) The difference between genome sizes in wheat and rice can be explained by the fact that wheat is hexaploid (6n)while rice is diploid (2n). 
D) In plants,gene families have relatively high copy numbers. 
E) Forces that increase genome size include polyploidy,proliferation of transposable elements,and gene duplication.

Question 4

One of the unexpected findings to occur in comparing mouse and human genomes is

Accepted Answer

A) that "junk" DNA may be more functional than we assumed. 
B) how incredibly different they are. 
C) that there is far more "junk" DNA than we ever thought. 
D) how similar some gene families are to their original transposons. 
E) that there is far less "junk" DNA than we ever thought. 
A) that "junk" DNA may be more functional than we assumed. 
B) how incredibly different they are. 
C) that there is far more "junk" DNA than we ever thought. 
D) how similar some gene families are to their original transposons. 
E) that there is far less "junk" DNA than we ever thought.

Question 5

Which one of the following statements about pseudogenes is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Premature stop codons can produce pseudogenes. 
B) Missense mutations can produce pseudogenes. 
C) Pseudogenes cause gene inactivation. 
D) Pseudogenes have DNA sequences very similar to a functional gene. 
E) Pseudogenes result from horizontal gene transfer. 
A) Premature stop codons can produce pseudogenes. 
B) Missense mutations can produce pseudogenes. 
C) Pseudogenes cause gene inactivation. 
D) Pseudogenes have DNA sequences very similar to a functional gene. 
E) Pseudogenes result from horizontal gene transfer.

Question 6

Which one of the following factors was probably most involved with the reduced sense of smell in humans compared with the other great apes?

Accepted Answer

A) pseudogenes 
B) conservation of synteny 
C) aneuploidy 
D) humans have one more chromosome than the other great apes 
E) number of olfactory receptor (OR)genes present in the genome 
A) pseudogenes 
B) conservation of synteny 
C) aneuploidy 
D) humans have one more chromosome than the other great apes 
E) number of olfactory receptor (OR)genes present in the genome

Question 7

The best explanation for why a mouse develops into a mouse and not a human is

Accepted Answer

A) most of the coding genes are different. 
B) most of the non-coding genes are different. 
C) gene expression differs. 
D) the genes are mostly the same but have been rearrangeD. 
E) synteny has not been conserved. 
A) most of the coding genes are different. 
B) most of the non-coding genes are different. 
C) gene expression differs. 
D) the genes are mostly the same but have been rearrangeD. 
E) synteny has not been conserved.

Question 8

Which one of the following statements about the possible regulatory functions of nonprotein-coding DNA is false?

Accepted Answer

A) A significant amount of the nonprotein-coding DNA consists of retrotransposon DNA. 
B) Nonprotein-coding DNA may code for RNAs that are translated into transcription factors. 
C) A study of mouse RNA transcripts showed that many did not code for any known mouse protein. 
D) A large part of the non-protein-coding DNA may be rich in regulatory RNA sequences. 
E) Nonprotein-coding DNA in mouse and human is located in comparable regions of their genomes. 
A) A significant amount of the nonprotein-coding DNA consists of retrotransposon DNA. 
B) Nonprotein-coding DNA may code for RNAs that are translated into transcription factors. 
C) A study of mouse RNA transcripts showed that many did not code for any known mouse protein. 
D) A large part of the non-protein-coding DNA may be rich in regulatory RNA sequences. 
E) Nonprotein-coding DNA in mouse and human is located in comparable regions of their genomes.

Question 9

The entire DNA sequence of a species is called its _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The entire DNA sequence of a species...

Question 10

Which one of the following statements about genome size and gene number in animals is false?

Accepted Answer

A) There is a strong correlation between the number of genes and genome size. 
B) As the human genome was sequenced,the estimated number of genes continued to decrease. 
C) Much of the extra DNA in humans is in the form of introns. 
D) The pufferfish as about the same of genes as humans but many fewer introns in its coding DNA. 
E) Genome size differences depend to a large extent on the amount of retrotransposon DNA present. 
A) There is a strong correlation between the number of genes and genome size. 
B) As the human genome was sequenced,the estimated number of genes continued to decrease. 
C) Much of the extra DNA in humans is in the form of introns. 
D) The pufferfish as about the same of genes as humans but many fewer introns in its coding DNA. 
E) Genome size differences depend to a large extent on the amount of retrotransposon DNA present.

Question 11

Which one of the following statements comparing the human and mouse genomes is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Human and mouse have about the same number of genes. 
B) The human genome shares 99% of its genes with the mouse. 
C) A comparison of genomes confirms that mouse and humans shared a common ancestor more recently than humans and pufferfish. 
D) Conservation of genes has been great in the two genomes. 
E) Little rearrangement of genes has occurred in the two genomes. 
A) Human and mouse have about the same number of genes. 
B) The human genome shares 99% of its genes with the mouse. 
C) A comparison of genomes confirms that mouse and humans shared a common ancestor more recently than humans and pufferfish. 
D) Conservation of genes has been great in the two genomes. 
E) Little rearrangement of genes has occurred in the two genomes.

Question 12

Gene inactivation is likely to produce

Accepted Answer

A) pseudogenes. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) homologs. 
E) horizontal gene transfer (HGT). 
A) pseudogenes. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) homologs. 
E) horizontal gene transfer (HGT).

Question 13

Over long sequences within a chromosome

Accepted Answer

A) human and mouse DNA is dramatically different in base pair arrangement. 
B) the linear order of genes is amazingly different,they have transposed. 
C) the linear order of genes is amazingly different,they have reversed. 
D) the linear order of genes is the same,indicating conservation of synteny. 
E) the linear order of genes is the same,indicating conservation of neoteny. 
A) human and mouse DNA is dramatically different in base pair arrangement. 
B) the linear order of genes is amazingly different,they have transposed. 
C) the linear order of genes is amazingly different,they have reversed. 
D) the linear order of genes is the same,indicating conservation of synteny. 
E) the linear order of genes is the same,indicating conservation of neoteny.

Question 14

Two genes within an organism that arose from the duplication of a single gene in an ancestor are _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two genes within an organism that arose...

Question 15

Comparisons of human and mouse genomes reveals

Accepted Answer

A) they have widely different numbers of genes,and share only a few more genes than humans and pufferfish. 
B) the differences between humans and mice are mainly the introns. 
C) they have very little in common. 
D) the genomes are very similar,with most of the genes unique to mice linked to size and shape. 
E) the genomes are very similar,with most of the genes unique to mice linked to smell and reproduction. 
A) they have widely different numbers of genes,and share only a few more genes than humans and pufferfish. 
B) the differences between humans and mice are mainly the introns. 
C) they have very little in common. 
D) the genomes are very similar,with most of the genes unique to mice linked to size and shape. 
E) the genomes are very similar,with most of the genes unique to mice linked to smell and reproduction.

Question 16

Using the newly sequenced genomes from each of the kingdoms,it is possible

Accepted Answer

A) to explore genetic differences between species very directly,examining DNA changes. 
B) to build,from scratch,complex organisms with trans-kingdom genomes. 
C) to sequence and build,from scratch,simple organisms with trans-kingdom genomes. 
D) to design humans with a variety of inter-kingdomic abilities built into their DNA. 
A) to explore genetic differences between species very directly,examining DNA changes. 
B) to build,from scratch,complex organisms with trans-kingdom genomes. 
C) to sequence and build,from scratch,simple organisms with trans-kingdom genomes. 
D) to design humans with a variety of inter-kingdomic abilities built into their DNA.

Question 17

Which one of the following statements comparing the human and tiger pufferfish genomes is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Genes regulating the basic cellular metabolism are conserved in both human and pufferfish. 
B) About 25% of human genes have no counterpart in the pufferfish genome. 
C) Being ancestral to humans,the pufferfish genome has more repetitive DNA than the human genome. 
D) Overall,the pufferfish genome has less DNA than the human genome. 
E) Gene rearranging has been extensive in the genomes of the two vertebrates. 
A) Genes regulating the basic cellular metabolism are conserved in both human and pufferfish. 
B) About 25% of human genes have no counterpart in the pufferfish genome. 
C) Being ancestral to humans,the pufferfish genome has more repetitive DNA than the human genome. 
D) Overall,the pufferfish genome has less DNA than the human genome. 
E) Gene rearranging has been extensive in the genomes of the two vertebrates.

Question 18

Genome sequencing of the parasitic protist Plasmodium falciparum has been completed.One of the results is

Accepted Answer

A) we now know how amazingly similar it is genetically to its host,Anopheles. 
B) we now know how amazingly similar it is genetically to its host,Drosophila. 
C) we now have a possible way to attack Plasmodium,through its chloroplast-like apicoplast. 
D) we no longer have to be concerned with any diseases it might carry. 
A) we now know how amazingly similar it is genetically to its host,Anopheles. 
B) we now know how amazingly similar it is genetically to its host,Drosophila. 
C) we now have a possible way to attack Plasmodium,through its chloroplast-like apicoplast. 
D) we no longer have to be concerned with any diseases it might carry.

Question 19

One possible explanation for why humans are humans and chimps are chimps despite the great similarities in their gene-coding sequences is

Accepted Answer

A) allelic control of development. 
B) the vast differences in exons. 
C) the vast differences in the introns. 
D) the "junk" DNA contains important sequences. 
E) differences in gene expression. 
A) allelic control of development. 
B) the vast differences in exons. 
C) the vast differences in the introns. 
D) the "junk" DNA contains important sequences. 
E) differences in gene expression.

Question 20

Pseudogenes are

Accepted Answer

A) DNA sequences similar to functional genes,but do not produce functional products as far as we can tell. 
B) DNA sequences produced in the laboratory and artificially inserted into a genome to investigate their function. 
C) duplicate genes that are on the wrong chromosome but still produce the same gene product as the original gene. 
D) genes that have been inserted from a different species,such as by a retrovirus,and may or may not produce a functional product in the new species. 
E) mutated genes that produce two or more functional products. 
A) DNA sequences similar to functional genes,but do not produce functional products as far as we can tell. 
B) DNA sequences produced in the laboratory and artificially inserted into a genome to investigate their function. 
C) duplicate genes that are on the wrong chromosome but still produce the same gene product as the original gene. 
D) genes that have been inserted from a different species,such as by a retrovirus,and may or may not produce a functional product in the new species. 
E) mutated genes that produce two or more functional products.

Exam 24: Genome Evolution

Which one of the following statements comparing the human and chimpanzee genomes is false?

Gene swapping between different species,far more prevalent earlier in the history of life than now,is referred to as _________________ gene transfer.

Which one of the following statements about genome size and gene number in plants is false?

One of the unexpected findings to occur in comparing mouse and human genomes is

Which one of the following statements about pseudogenes is false?

Which one of the following factors was probably most involved with the reduced sense of smell in humans compared with the other great apes?

The best explanation for why a mouse develops into a mouse and not a human is

Which one of the following statements about the possible regulatory functions of nonprotein-coding DNA is false?

The entire DNA sequence of a species is called its _________________.

Which one of the following statements about genome size and gene number in animals is false?

Which one of the following statements comparing the human and mouse genomes is false?

Gene inactivation is likely to produce

Over long sequences within a chromosome

Two genes within an organism that arose from the duplication of a single gene in an ancestor are _________________.

Comparisons of human and mouse genomes reveals

Using the newly sequenced genomes from each of the kingdoms,it is possible

Which one of the following statements comparing the human and tiger pufferfish genomes is false?

Genome sequencing of the parasitic protist Plasmodium falciparum has been completed.One of the results is

One possible explanation for why humans are humans and chimps are chimps despite the great similarities in their gene-coding sequences is

Pseudogenes are

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