Question 1

When a segment of DNA duplicates,causing 2 or more copies of a gene to be present in the chromosome,the most likely fate of the duplicate(s)would not be

Accepted Answer

A) to lose function in subsequent mutation. 
B) to improve function in subsequent mutation. 
C) to gain a new function in subsequent mutation. 
D) to become a pseudogene. 
E) to become part of a gene family. 
A) to lose function in subsequent mutation. 
B) to improve function in subsequent mutation. 
C) to gain a new function in subsequent mutation. 
D) to become a pseudogene. 
E) to become part of a gene family.

Question 2

Which one of the following statements about duplicate genes is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Duplicate genes can lose their ancestral function through subsequent mutation. 
B) Duplicate genes can gain a derived function through subsequent mutation. 
C) Duplicate genes can share the ancestral function of the original gene. 
D) Gene duplication is most likely to occur in growth and development genes,immune system genes,and cell-surface receptor genes. 
E) Duplicate genes usually share the same pattern of gene expression. 
A) Duplicate genes can lose their ancestral function through subsequent mutation. 
B) Duplicate genes can gain a derived function through subsequent mutation. 
C) Duplicate genes can share the ancestral function of the original gene. 
D) Gene duplication is most likely to occur in growth and development genes,immune system genes,and cell-surface receptor genes. 
E) Duplicate genes usually share the same pattern of gene expression.

Question 3

Genomes evolve at different rates because

Accepted Answer

A) the mutation rate differs in different species. 
B) exposure to radiation and mutagens differs in different species. 
C) the generation time differs in different species. 
D) selection pressures vary in different species. 
E) gene flow differs in different species. 
A) the mutation rate differs in different species. 
B) exposure to radiation and mutagens differs in different species. 
C) the generation time differs in different species. 
D) selection pressures vary in different species. 
E) gene flow differs in different species.

Question 4

One of the ways that two species can be compared,and information about the genetic basis of human diseases extracted,is by using their sequenced genomes and

Accepted Answer

A) looking at the allelic differences. 
B) investigating the introns. 
C) looking at the conserved sequences. 
D) exchanging genomic information between them. 
A) looking at the allelic differences. 
B) investigating the introns. 
C) looking at the conserved sequences. 
D) exchanging genomic information between them.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the role of polyploidization in the evolution of plant genomes is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Jumping of transposons is most common in the first few generations following a polyploidization event. 
B) Genome size in plants is largely determined by polyploidization events. 
C) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy usually affects the participating hybrids unequally. 
D) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy results mainly from duplicate gene loss. 
E) The genomes of some current crop plants show evidence of multiple polyploidization events. 
A) Jumping of transposons is most common in the first few generations following a polyploidization event. 
B) Genome size in plants is largely determined by polyploidization events. 
C) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy usually affects the participating hybrids unequally. 
D) Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy results mainly from duplicate gene loss. 
E) The genomes of some current crop plants show evidence of multiple polyploidization events.

Question 6

Looking at the differences in protein-encoding gene sequences between humans and chimpanzees

Accepted Answer

A) there are vast differences. 
B) they are about 50% alike. 
C) they are about 80% alike. 
D) there is less than 1% difference. 
E) they are identical,the differences are in the RNA sequences. 
A) there are vast differences. 
B) they are about 50% alike. 
C) they are about 80% alike. 
D) there is less than 1% difference. 
E) they are identical,the differences are in the RNA sequences.

Question 7

Which one of the following statements about synteny is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Synteny refers to the conservation of gene order along chromosomes. 
B) Synteny refers to the constancy of chromosome numbers in related clades. 
C) Synteny results from polyploidization events. 
D) Synteny refers to the rearrangement of gene order due to inversions. 
E) Synteny is only observed in closely related clades. 
A) Synteny refers to the conservation of gene order along chromosomes. 
B) Synteny refers to the constancy of chromosome numbers in related clades. 
C) Synteny results from polyploidization events. 
D) Synteny refers to the rearrangement of gene order due to inversions. 
E) Synteny is only observed in closely related clades.

Question 8

When an entire genome duplicates so that 3 or more complete copies of the genome exist in each cell

Accepted Answer

A) that is the major cause of polyploidy. 
B) that is a primary cause of some types of birth defects. 
C) that is a major cause of divergence and speciation. 
D) that is a primary cause of some types of cancer in somatic cells. 
A) that is the major cause of polyploidy. 
B) that is a primary cause of some types of birth defects. 
C) that is a major cause of divergence and speciation. 
D) that is a primary cause of some types of cancer in somatic cells.

Question 9

Which one of the following statements about genome analysis and human disease detection and treatment is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Conserved sequences important to the genetic basis of a human disease are most easily detected by comparison to closely related genomes. 
B) The genomes of the mammalian relatives of humans are the best targets for discovering new treatments for human diseases. 
C) Comparing the genomes of parasite and host is likely to reveal good drug targets to eliminate the parasite without harming the host. 
D) A comparison of mouse and human genomes would help reveal functions for previously unidentified human genes. 
E) A comparison of human and pufferfish genomes would help observed DNA sequences that were preserved over long periods of timE. 
A) Conserved sequences important to the genetic basis of a human disease are most easily detected by comparison to closely related genomes. 
B) The genomes of the mammalian relatives of humans are the best targets for discovering new treatments for human diseases. 
C) Comparing the genomes of parasite and host is likely to reveal good drug targets to eliminate the parasite without harming the host. 
D) A comparison of mouse and human genomes would help reveal functions for previously unidentified human genes. 
E) A comparison of human and pufferfish genomes would help observed DNA sequences that were preserved over long periods of timE.

Question 10

Arabidopsis thaliana and the pufferfish (Fugu rubripes)are examples of _________________ organisms whose genomes have been sequenced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Arabidopsis thaliana and the pufferfish (Fugu rubripes)are...

Question 11

Which one of the following statements about gene function and expression in chimps and humans is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Little genetic divergence has occurred since chimps and humans shared a common ancestor. 
B) Except for about 1% of their genomes,chimp and human genes are identical. 
C) Using microarrays to detect mRNA transcribed from known human genes,it was possible to show that almost identical transcription patterns existed in the brains of both chimp and human. 
D) The extra chromosome found in the other great apes contains few novel genes not present in the human genome. 
A) Little genetic divergence has occurred since chimps and humans shared a common ancestor. 
B) Except for about 1% of their genomes,chimp and human genes are identical. 
C) Using microarrays to detect mRNA transcribed from known human genes,it was possible to show that almost identical transcription patterns existed in the brains of both chimp and human. 
D) The extra chromosome found in the other great apes contains few novel genes not present in the human genome.

Question 12

Today,gene swapping between two species is

Accepted Answer

A) illegal and irresponsible. 
B) impossible,but it happened frequently in the distant past. 
C) infrequent but possible;it happened more often in the distant past. 
D) much more frequent than in the distant past. 
E) only possible if they are in the same family of organisms,such as lions and tigers. 
A) illegal and irresponsible. 
B) impossible,but it happened frequently in the distant past. 
C) infrequent but possible;it happened more often in the distant past. 
D) much more frequent than in the distant past. 
E) only possible if they are in the same family of organisms,such as lions and tigers.

Question 13

In plants,_________________ induces elimination of duplicated genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In plants,_________________ induces elimination of duplicated genes....

Exam 24: Genome Evolution

When a segment of DNA duplicates,causing 2 or more copies of a gene to be present in the chromosome,the most likely fate of the duplicate(s)would not be

Which one of the following statements about duplicate genes is false?

Genomes evolve at different rates because

One of the ways that two species can be compared,and information about the genetic basis of human diseases extracted,is by using their sequenced genomes and

Which of the following statements about the role of polyploidization in the evolution of plant genomes is false?

Looking at the differences in protein-encoding gene sequences between humans and chimpanzees

Which one of the following statements about synteny is true?

When an entire genome duplicates so that 3 or more complete copies of the genome exist in each cell

Which one of the following statements about genome analysis and human disease detection and treatment is false?

Arabidopsis thaliana and the pufferfish (Fugu rubripes)are examples of _________________ organisms whose genomes have been sequenced.

Which one of the following statements about gene function and expression in chimps and humans is false?

Today,gene swapping between two species is

In plants,_________________ induces elimination of duplicated genes.

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes Mapping and the Meiosis - Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

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Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

Evolution of Development

The Tree of Life

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Overview of Green Plants

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Noncoelomate Invertebrates

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Vertebrates

Plant Form

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Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

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Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

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