Question 1

Thermal _________ is characteristic of larger lakes in temperate regions.

Accepted Answer

A) stratification 
B) turnover 
C) inversion 
D) conformation 
A) stratification 
B) turnover 
C) inversion 
D) conformation A

Question 2

Periodic disturbances in ocean currents by the warming of the waters known as ________ can have profound global influences on world climate.

Accepted Answer

A) El Niño 
B) the intertropical convergence 
C) La Niña 
D) Trade Winds 
A) El Niño 
B) the intertropical convergence 
C) La Niña 
D) Trade Winds A

Question 3

All of the following describe tundra except

Accepted Answer

A) it is open,windswept,and often boggy. 
B) it covers a fifth of Earth's land surface. 
C) trees are found only around lakes and streams and are small. 
D) permafrost usually exists within a meter of the surface. 
E) it is a traditional lumber producing area. 
A) it is open,windswept,and often boggy. 
B) it covers a fifth of Earth's land surface. 
C) trees are found only around lakes and streams and are small. 
D) permafrost usually exists within a meter of the surface. 
E) it is a traditional lumber producing area. E

Question 4

Which one of the following statements about the consequences of global warming is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The rate of global warming may be too great for populations to be able to adapt through natural selection. 
B) Rising sea levels will be a consequence of global warming. 
C) Global warming will cause an increase in the incidence of diseases caused by mosquitoes. 
D) Since most crop plants grow better at higher temperature and CO2 concentrations,the effect of global warming on agriculture is likely to be positive. 
E) The frequency of El Niño events may increase as a consequence of global warming. 
A) The rate of global warming may be too great for populations to be able to adapt through natural selection. 
B) Rising sea levels will be a consequence of global warming. 
C) Global warming will cause an increase in the incidence of diseases caused by mosquitoes. 
D) Since most crop plants grow better at higher temperature and CO2 concentrations,the effect of global warming on agriculture is likely to be positive. 
E) The frequency of El Niño events may increase as a consequence of global warming.

Question 5

Which two pair of words is correct for describing the near-shore zone of a body of water (marine and freshwater)?

Accepted Answer

A) abyssal : littoral 
B) pelagic : profundal 
C) neretic : littoral 
D) pelagic : littoral 
E) limnetic : pelagic 
A) abyssal : littoral 
B) pelagic : profundal 
C) neretic : littoral 
D) pelagic : littoral 
E) limnetic : pelagic

Question 6

A significant drop in the upper atmospheric content of ozone is likely to lead to an increase in

Accepted Answer

A) ocean temperature. 
B) polar ice. 
C) skin cancers. 
D) tropical rain forests. 
E) worldwide precipitation. 
A) ocean temperature. 
B) polar ice. 
C) skin cancers. 
D) tropical rain forests. 
E) worldwide precipitation.

Question 7

If you plot mean annual precipitation against mean annual temperature and look at the distribution of major biomes relative to these two variables,which biome would be in the central region of the graph?

Accepted Answer

A) savanna 
B) hot desert 
C) tropical rain forest 
D) temperate rainforest 
E) taiga 
A) savanna 
B) hot desert 
C) tropical rain forest 
D) temperate rainforest 
E) taiga

Question 8

Which term from the five listed is used as a descriptor of a zone found in freshwater habitats?

Accepted Answer

A) neritic zone 
B) abyssal zone 
C) pelagic zone 
D) littoral zone 
E) intertidal zone 
A) neritic zone 
B) abyssal zone 
C) pelagic zone 
D) littoral zone 
E) intertidal zone

Question 9

Which one of the following marine ecosystems would be expected to have the lowest species diversity and primary production per unit area?

Accepted Answer

A) oligotrophic oceans 
B) upwelling regions of ocean 
C) coral reefs 
D) estuaries 
E) intertidal zone 
A) oligotrophic oceans 
B) upwelling regions of ocean 
C) coral reefs 
D) estuaries 
E) intertidal zone

Question 10

Photosynthetic organisms of the open oceans are confined to the upper

Accepted Answer

A) few hundred millimeters. 
B) few hundred centimeters. 
C) few hundred meters. 
D) few hundred kilometers. 
E) few thousand kilometers. 
A) few hundred millimeters. 
B) few hundred centimeters. 
C) few hundred meters. 
D) few hundred kilometers. 
E) few thousand kilometers.

Question 11

Most of the ultraviolet radiation reaching the upper atmosphere is absorbed by

Accepted Answer

A) CFCs. 
B) ozone. 
C) nitrogen. 
D) carbon dioxide. 
E) water vapor. 
A) CFCs. 
B) ozone. 
C) nitrogen. 
D) carbon dioxide. 
E) water vapor.

Question 12

Acid precipitation (rain,snow,and fog)is caused by sulfur and nitrous oxides in the atmosphere combining with water to produce sulfur and nitrogen acids.Which statement concerning acid precipitation is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Acid precipitation is currently not a major environmental issue.Utility companies worldwide have identified the problem and will have solutions within the next century. 
B) Acid precipitation in some parts of the world has actually increased agricultural production by freeing locked minerals from the soil. 
C) Acid precipitation has increased over the last fifty years and in some areas has caused extensive forest damage and lake wildlife extinctions. 
D) Acid precipitation will cause environments to have a higher pH,especially in lake ecosystems. 
A) Acid precipitation is currently not a major environmental issue.Utility companies worldwide have identified the problem and will have solutions within the next century. 
B) Acid precipitation in some parts of the world has actually increased agricultural production by freeing locked minerals from the soil. 
C) Acid precipitation has increased over the last fifty years and in some areas has caused extensive forest damage and lake wildlife extinctions. 
D) Acid precipitation will cause environments to have a higher pH,especially in lake ecosystems.

Question 13

A mountain range along the coast of a continent is located perpendicular to the prevailing sea breeze.Which one of the following describes an area where the rain shadow is located?

Accepted Answer

A) on the leeward side of the mountain where cool,dry air is descending 
B) on the leeward side of the mountain where warm,moist air is descending 
C) on the windward side of the mountain where warm,moist air is rising 
D) on the windward side of the mountain where cool,dry air is rising 
E) on the leeward side,far inland from the mountain 
A) on the leeward side of the mountain where cool,dry air is descending 
B) on the leeward side of the mountain where warm,moist air is descending 
C) on the windward side of the mountain where warm,moist air is rising 
D) on the windward side of the mountain where cool,dry air is rising 
E) on the leeward side,far inland from the mountain

Question 14

Which of the following is not dependent on sunlight as a source of energy?

Accepted Answer

A) tundra 
B) taiga 
C) neritic zone 
D) benthic zone 
E) pelagic zone 
A) tundra 
B) taiga 
C) neritic zone 
D) benthic zone 
E) pelagic zone

Question 15

Characteristics of oligotrophic lakes include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) waters richer in oxygen content. 
B) they have greater depths. 
C) they have very clear blue water. 
D) they are highly susceptible to pollution. 
E) they are nutrient-rich. 
A) waters richer in oxygen content. 
B) they have greater depths. 
C) they have very clear blue water. 
D) they are highly susceptible to pollution. 
E) they are nutrient-rich.

Question 16

Prairie is another name for a

Accepted Answer

A) desert. 
B) temperate grassland. 
C) savanna. 
D) taiga. 
E) tundra. 
A) desert. 
B) temperate grassland. 
C) savanna. 
D) taiga. 
E) tundra.

Question 17

Which one of the following statements about the effects of deforestation on terrestrial ecosystems is false?

Accepted Answer

A) At present rates of deforestation,it is predicted that all of the world's tropical rain forests will be degraded or gone within 30 years. 
B) Today,deforestation is the greatest problem facing terrestrial ecosystems. 
C) Deforestation usually leads to nutrients such as nitrates/nitrites becoming locked up in the topsoil and unavailable to plants. 
D) Deforestation can lead to loss of topsoil. 
E) Deforestation can lead to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. 
A) At present rates of deforestation,it is predicted that all of the world's tropical rain forests will be degraded or gone within 30 years. 
B) Today,deforestation is the greatest problem facing terrestrial ecosystems. 
C) Deforestation usually leads to nutrients such as nitrates/nitrites becoming locked up in the topsoil and unavailable to plants. 
D) Deforestation can lead to loss of topsoil. 
E) Deforestation can lead to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems.

Question 18

The richest land biome in terms of the number of different species is the

Accepted Answer

A) tundrA. 
B) temperature deciduous forest. 
C) savannas. 
D) grasslands. 
E) tropical rain forest. 
A) tundrA. 
B) temperature deciduous forest. 
C) savannas. 
D) grasslands. 
E) tropical rain forest.

Question 19

The major cause of thinning of the ozone layer was attributed to

Accepted Answer

A) greenhouse gases. 
B) nitric and sulfuric acids. 
C) chloroflourocarbons. 
D) phosphorus. 
E) water vapor. 
A) greenhouse gases. 
B) nitric and sulfuric acids. 
C) chloroflourocarbons. 
D) phosphorus. 
E) water vapor.

Question 20

The northern coniferous forest that extends across vast areas of Eurasia and North America is called the

Accepted Answer

A) tundrA. 
B) taiga. 
C) polar region forests. 
D) permafrost forests. 
E) temperate coniferous forests. 
A) tundrA. 
B) taiga. 
C) polar region forests. 
D) permafrost forests. 
E) temperate coniferous forests.

Exam 59: The Biosphere

Thermal _________ is characteristic of larger lakes in temperate regions.

Periodic disturbances in ocean currents by the warming of the waters known as ________ can have profound global influences on world climate.

All of the following describe tundra except

Which one of the following statements about the consequences of global warming is false?

Which two pair of words is correct for describing the near-shore zone of a body of water (marine and freshwater)?

A significant drop in the upper atmospheric content of ozone is likely to lead to an increase in

If you plot mean annual precipitation against mean annual temperature and look at the distribution of major biomes relative to these two variables,which biome would be in the central region of the graph?

Which term from the five listed is used as a descriptor of a zone found in freshwater habitats?

Which one of the following marine ecosystems would be expected to have the lowest species diversity and primary production per unit area?

Photosynthetic organisms of the open oceans are confined to the upper

Most of the ultraviolet radiation reaching the upper atmosphere is absorbed by

Acid precipitation (rain,snow,and fog)is caused by sulfur and nitrous oxides in the atmosphere combining with water to produce sulfur and nitrogen acids.Which statement concerning acid precipitation is accurate?

A mountain range along the coast of a continent is located perpendicular to the prevailing sea breeze.Which one of the following describes an area where the rain shadow is located?

Which of the following is not dependent on sunlight as a source of energy?

Characteristics of oligotrophic lakes include all of the following except

Prairie is another name for a

Which one of the following statements about the effects of deforestation on terrestrial ecosystems is false?

The richest land biome in terms of the number of different species is the

The major cause of thinning of the ozone layer was attributed to

The northern coniferous forest that extends across vast areas of Eurasia and North America is called the

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