Question 1

Taxol is a secondary metabolite from the bark of the Pacific yew tree that was found to be effective in fighting what human disease?

Accepted Answer

A) diabetes 
B) breast cancer 
C) indigestion 
D) headaches 
E) high blood pressure 
A) diabetes 
B) breast cancer 
C) indigestion 
D) headaches 
E) high blood pressure

Question 2

What is the main difference between plant defense mechanisms that use secondary chemical metabolites versus plant defense mechanisms that use a systemic response?

Accepted Answer

A) The metabolites are not as lethal as the systemic response. 
B) The metabolites are present at all times,and the systemic response must be induced. 
C) The metabolites can only help in defense against insects,not against other plants. 
D) The metabolites are toxic to the plants that produce them,the systemic response is safer. 
E) The metabolites are a more reliable way to kill the invader. 
A) The metabolites are not as lethal as the systemic response. 
B) The metabolites are present at all times,and the systemic response must be induced. 
C) The metabolites can only help in defense against insects,not against other plants. 
D) The metabolites are toxic to the plants that produce them,the systemic response is safer. 
E) The metabolites are a more reliable way to kill the invader.

Question 3

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
-A plant resistance gene.

Accepted Answer

A) avr 
B) HR 
C) PR 
D) R 
E) SAR 
A) avr 
B) HR 
C) PR 
D) R 
E) SAR

Question 4

Which of the following chemicals do not help plants repel or poison invaders?

Accepted Answer

A) cyanogenic glycosides 
B) alkaloids 
C) tannins 
D) carbohydrates 
E) plant oils 
A) cyanogenic glycosides 
B) alkaloids 
C) tannins 
D) carbohydrates 
E) plant oils

Question 5

Chemical toxins within plants

Accepted Answer

A) do not cost much energy to produce and be maintained. 
B) are seldom maintained at steady-state levels. 
C) are found mostly in the nuclei of the plant cells. 
D) are only produced after a wound has occurreD. 
E) are specific to certain families of plants. 
A) do not cost much energy to produce and be maintained. 
B) are seldom maintained at steady-state levels. 
C) are found mostly in the nuclei of the plant cells. 
D) are only produced after a wound has occurreD. 
E) are specific to certain families of plants.

Question 6

Which of the following steps is not one of the phases of a fungal invasion of a plant?

Accepted Answer

A) Windblown fungal spores land on plant leaves. 
B) Hyphae grow through cell walls and press against the cell membrane. 
C) Fungal DNA is replicated by the plant cells. 
D) Hyphae differentiate into specialized structures called haustoria. 
E) A fungal spore germinates and forms an adhesion pad that allows it to stick to a plant's leaf. 
A) Windblown fungal spores land on plant leaves. 
B) Hyphae grow through cell walls and press against the cell membrane. 
C) Fungal DNA is replicated by the plant cells. 
D) Hyphae differentiate into specialized structures called haustoria. 
E) A fungal spore germinates and forms an adhesion pad that allows it to stick to a plant's leaf.

Question 7

Phytoestrogens are steroid-like chemicals that are derived from soy.One of their characteristics is that they are able to

Accepted Answer

A) paralyze nerve endings. 
B) bind to the human estrogen receptor. 
C) cause estrogen breakdown within human cells. 
D) increase the rate of prostate cancer in men. 
E) cure malaria. 
A) paralyze nerve endings. 
B) bind to the human estrogen receptor. 
C) cause estrogen breakdown within human cells. 
D) increase the rate of prostate cancer in men. 
E) cure malaria.

Question 8

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
-The hypersensitive response.

Accepted Answer

A) avr 
B) HR 
C) PR 
D) R 
E) SAR 
A) avr 
B) HR 
C) PR 
D) R 
E) SAR

Question 9

The activation of proteinase inhibitor genes occurs

Accepted Answer

A) in the cytoplasm of the affected cells. 
B) on the plasma membrane of the affected cells. 
C) in the nucleus of the affected cells. 
D) before the systemin moves through the phloem of the plant. 
E) in anticipation of a physical wound to the plant. 
A) in the cytoplasm of the affected cells. 
B) on the plasma membrane of the affected cells. 
C) in the nucleus of the affected cells. 
D) before the systemin moves through the phloem of the plant. 
E) in anticipation of a physical wound to the plant.

Question 10

Parasitoid wasps are sometimes involved in a plant's defensive response.In what way are the wasps helpful to the plant?

Accepted Answer

A) The wasps respond to a chemical the plant gives off when wounded,and the wasps lay their eggs on the caterpillar that wounded the plant. 
B) The wasps live in hollow thorns of the plants,and attack the plants' predators. 
C) The wasps stimulate the production of alkaloids the plants use for defense. 
D) The wasps enhance the plants' hypersensitive response. 
E) The wasps trigger leaf abscission so that herbivores do not have anything to eat. 
A) The wasps respond to a chemical the plant gives off when wounded,and the wasps lay their eggs on the caterpillar that wounded the plant. 
B) The wasps live in hollow thorns of the plants,and attack the plants' predators. 
C) The wasps stimulate the production of alkaloids the plants use for defense. 
D) The wasps enhance the plants' hypersensitive response. 
E) The wasps trigger leaf abscission so that herbivores do not have anything to eat.

Question 11

Cyanogenic glycosides are toxic because they break down into cyanide which

Accepted Answer

A) causes the plant's predator to vomit. 
B) stops electron transport and cellular respiration. 
C) turns on destructive genes within the pathogen. 
D) turns on destructive genes within the plant. 
E) causes the pathogen to dry out. 
A) causes the plant's predator to vomit. 
B) stops electron transport and cellular respiration. 
C) turns on destructive genes within the pathogen. 
D) turns on destructive genes within the plant. 
E) causes the pathogen to dry out.

Question 12

For plant cells that have a systemin receptor,the receptor is located

Accepted Answer

A) on the plasma membrane. 
B) on the nuclear membrane. 
C) on the cuticle of the leaf. 
D) inside the phloem sieve cells. 
E) in the flowers. 
A) on the plasma membrane. 
B) on the nuclear membrane. 
C) on the cuticle of the leaf. 
D) inside the phloem sieve cells. 
E) in the flowers.

Question 13

What plant secondary metabolite was isolated from the Cinchona tree to fight malaria?

Accepted Answer

A) digitalis 
B) penicillin 
C) acacia 
D) taxol 
E) quinine 
A) digitalis 
B) penicillin 
C) acacia 
D) taxol 
E) quinine

Question 14

Tannins are chemicals that help plants repel invaders by

Accepted Answer

A) over-stimulating the predator. 
B) sedating the predator. 
C) binding to proteins and thereby disrupting the predator's digestion. 
D) injuring the external covering of the predator's body. 
E) causing the predator to grow so rapidly that it dies. 
A) over-stimulating the predator. 
B) sedating the predator. 
C) binding to proteins and thereby disrupting the predator's digestion. 
D) injuring the external covering of the predator's body. 
E) causing the predator to grow so rapidly that it dies.

Question 15

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
-Systematic acquired resistance.

Accepted Answer

A) avr 
B) HR 
C) PR 
D) R 
E) SAR 
A) avr 
B) HR 
C) PR 
D) R 
E) SAR

Question 16

Which common crop may contain traces of hormone-like substances that may affect human health?

Accepted Answer

A) corn 
B) wheat 
C) peanuts 
D) soybean 
E) wine grapes 
A) corn 
B) wheat 
C) peanuts 
D) soybean 
E) wine grapes

Question 17

Which of the following statements about plant toxins against herbivores is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The toxin may be kept in a membrane-bound structure to keep it from harming the plant. 
B) The toxin may not be toxic unless it is metabolized in the intestine of a herbivore. 
C) The toxin may have also have a bad taste. 
D) Even a little bit of the toxin will be deadly. 
E) Some toxins can over stimulate particular physiological processes. 
A) The toxin may be kept in a membrane-bound structure to keep it from harming the plant. 
B) The toxin may not be toxic unless it is metabolized in the intestine of a herbivore. 
C) The toxin may have also have a bad taste. 
D) Even a little bit of the toxin will be deadly. 
E) Some toxins can over stimulate particular physiological processes.

Question 18

Which of the following chemicals is a signal that induces systemic acquired resistance?

Accepted Answer

A) salicylic acid 
B) brassinosteroids 
C) systemin 
D) avr 
E) nitric acid 
A) salicylic acid 
B) brassinosteroids 
C) systemin 
D) avr 
E) nitric acid

Question 19

Which of the following statements does not characterize the hypersensitive response?

Accepted Answer

A) Rapid cell death occurs around the site of the attack. 
B) A proteinase inhibitor is released. 
C) Wounded tissue is sealed off to prevent the pathogen from moving through the plant. 
D) Hydrogen peroxide is produceD. 
E) Nitric oxide is produced. 
A) Rapid cell death occurs around the site of the attack. 
B) A proteinase inhibitor is released. 
C) Wounded tissue is sealed off to prevent the pathogen from moving through the plant. 
D) Hydrogen peroxide is produceD. 
E) Nitric oxide is produced.

Question 20

Evidence that black walnut trees exhibit allelopathy includes

Accepted Answer

A) the lack of vegetation growing under black walnut trees. 
B) the death of hornworms that try to eat black walnut leaves. 
C) the symbiotic relationship the trees have with fungi. 
D) the ants that protect the trees from herbivory. 
E) the morphological changes that occur in response to pathogenic attacks. 
A) the lack of vegetation growing under black walnut trees. 
B) the death of hornworms that try to eat black walnut leaves. 
C) the symbiotic relationship the trees have with fungi. 
D) the ants that protect the trees from herbivory. 
E) the morphological changes that occur in response to pathogenic attacks.

Exam 40: Plant Defense Responses

Taxol is a secondary metabolite from the bark of the Pacific yew tree that was found to be effective in fighting what human disease?

What is the main difference between plant defense mechanisms that use secondary chemical metabolites versus plant defense mechanisms that use a systemic response?

Choose the letter of the best match from the following: -A plant resistance gene.

Which of the following chemicals do not help plants repel or poison invaders?

Chemical toxins within plants

Which of the following steps is not one of the phases of a fungal invasion of a plant?

Phytoestrogens are steroid-like chemicals that are derived from soy.One of their characteristics is that they are able to

Choose the letter of the best match from the following: -The hypersensitive response.

The activation of proteinase inhibitor genes occurs

Parasitoid wasps are sometimes involved in a plant's defensive response.In what way are the wasps helpful to the plant?

Cyanogenic glycosides are toxic because they break down into cyanide which

For plant cells that have a systemin receptor,the receptor is located

What plant secondary metabolite was isolated from the Cinchona tree to fight malaria?

Tannins are chemicals that help plants repel invaders by

Choose the letter of the best match from the following: -Systematic acquired resistance.

Which common crop may contain traces of hormone-like substances that may affect human health?

Which of the following statements about plant toxins against herbivores is false?

Which of the following chemicals is a signal that induces systemic acquired resistance?

Which of the following statements does not characterize the hypersensitive response?

Evidence that black walnut trees exhibit allelopathy includes

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