Question 1

As habitats are fragmented,shrinking in size,a major problem is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) the edge effect 
B) lack of corridors 
C) overexploitation 
D) introduced species 
A) the edge effect 
B) lack of corridors 
C) overexploitation 
D) introduced species

Question 2

A small island has stable populations of plants and animals,including one species of hawk as the only predator.The removal of the hawks could cause ____________ for at least a year or two.

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in the plants 
B) an increase in the insects 
C) an increase in the small rodents 
D) a decrease in the fish 
E) a decrease in the plants 
A) an increase in the plants 
B) an increase in the insects 
C) an increase in the small rodents 
D) a decrease in the fish 
E) a decrease in the plants

Question 3

Which one of the following statements about habitat restoration is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Pristine restoration requires the most complete knowledge of the ecosystem being restored. 
B) Habitat restoration without removal of introduced species can be counter-productive. 
C) Habitat restoration without removal of persistent pollutants can be counter-productive. 
D) Economically,preservation of existing ecosystems is always less expensive than restoration of "environmental train wrecks." 
E) Because removing non-native species as quickly as possible is important,quickly introducing parasites and predators of the non-native species is often warranted. 
A) Pristine restoration requires the most complete knowledge of the ecosystem being restored. 
B) Habitat restoration without removal of introduced species can be counter-productive. 
C) Habitat restoration without removal of persistent pollutants can be counter-productive. 
D) Economically,preservation of existing ecosystems is always less expensive than restoration of "environmental train wrecks." 
E) Because removing non-native species as quickly as possible is important,quickly introducing parasites and predators of the non-native species is often warranted.

Question 4

Which one of the following is not a problem that results from a population being small?

Accepted Answer

A) allee effect 
B) genetic drift 
C) reduce genetic diversity 
D) increased edge effects 
E) extinction vortex 
A) allee effect 
B) genetic drift 
C) reduce genetic diversity 
D) increased edge effects 
E) extinction vortex

Question 5

Which one of the following statements about preservation of the Illinois prairie chicken is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Co-option of habitat for agriculture was the major reason for the disappearance of the prairie chicken in Illinois. 
B) By allowing a different species (the lesser prairie chicken)to interbreed with the Illinois prairie chicken,its genetic variability was enhanced and its reproductive rates returned to normal. 
C) The sanctuaries set up to preserve the Illinois prairie chickens were not successful because of low population sizes and the bird's mating system. 
D) Egg hatching rates in the Illinois sanctuaries continued to fall. 
E) Greater prairie chicken populations in other states were more genetically diversE. 
A) Co-option of habitat for agriculture was the major reason for the disappearance of the prairie chicken in Illinois. 
B) By allowing a different species (the lesser prairie chicken)to interbreed with the Illinois prairie chicken,its genetic variability was enhanced and its reproductive rates returned to normal. 
C) The sanctuaries set up to preserve the Illinois prairie chickens were not successful because of low population sizes and the bird's mating system. 
D) Egg hatching rates in the Illinois sanctuaries continued to fall. 
E) Greater prairie chicken populations in other states were more genetically diversE.

Question 6

Which one of the following statements about overexploitation of whales is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Commercial whaling has been suspended for the last 20 years. 
B) Whale oil is now entirely replaceable with oils derived from petroleum. 
C) Since the worldwide moratorium on all commercial killing of whales,most species have returned to pre-hunting levels. 
D) The right whale was the first to decline due to commercial hunting. 
E) Initially,the International Whaling Commission (IW
C) was not very effectivE. 
A) Commercial whaling has been suspended for the last 20 years. 
B) Whale oil is now entirely replaceable with oils derived from petroleum. 
C) Since the worldwide moratorium on all commercial killing of whales,most species have returned to pre-hunting levels. 
D) The right whale was the first to decline due to commercial hunting. 
E) Initially,the International Whaling Commission (IW
C) was not very effectivE.

Question 7

Starting with the overharvesting of plankton-eating whales by humans and ending with the thinning of the kelp forests in the Alaska near-shore community,which one of the following intervening events would have occurred fourth?

Accepted Answer

A) sea otter populations decline 
B) killer whales switch to a new prey 
C) pollock populations increase 
D) sea urchin populations explode 
E) sea lion and harbor seal populations drastically decline 
A) sea otter populations decline 
B) killer whales switch to a new prey 
C) pollock populations increase 
D) sea urchin populations explode 
E) sea lion and harbor seal populations drastically decline

Question 8

The extinction vortex

Accepted Answer

A) is what happens as a population decreases and becomes more vulnerable to extinction from a variety of causes. 
B) is what happens in certain areas,similar to the Bermuda Triangle situation. 
C) is what happens when competing species fight over a single niche,often driving both species to extinction. 
D) is a spiral of events that occur once a species has become overcrowded through excess reproduction. 
E) is a spiral of events that includes introduction of competing species,overexploitation,and disease,in that order. 
A) is what happens as a population decreases and becomes more vulnerable to extinction from a variety of causes. 
B) is what happens in certain areas,similar to the Bermuda Triangle situation. 
C) is what happens when competing species fight over a single niche,often driving both species to extinction. 
D) is a spiral of events that occur once a species has become overcrowded through excess reproduction. 
E) is a spiral of events that includes introduction of competing species,overexploitation,and disease,in that order.

Question 9

Match the correct case study in conservation biology with its animal.

Accepted Answer

A) fruit bats-introduction of new species 
B) prairie chickens-loss of genetic diversity 
C) songbirds-introduction of new species 
D) prairie chickens-loss of habitat 
E) Lake Victoria cichlids-loss of habitat 
A) fruit bats-introduction of new species 
B) prairie chickens-loss of genetic diversity 
C) songbirds-introduction of new species 
D) prairie chickens-loss of habitat 
E) Lake Victoria cichlids-loss of habitat

Question 10

Which one of the following was not an observation made in studies of the decline in populations of the American redstart,a migratory songbird?

Accepted Answer

A) Breeding bird studies show that the American redstart has declined by 50% in the decade of the 1970s. 
B) American redstarts overwintering in mangrove and wetland forests of Central and South America accumulate little 13C in their tissues. 
C) Dry scrub forest is substandard overwintering habitat for the American redstart in Central and South America. 
D) American redstarts overwintering in mangrove and wetland forests are heavier as they begin their return migration north in the spring. 
E) American redstarts with high levels of 13C in their tissues arrive earlier at their summer breeding grounds. 
A) Breeding bird studies show that the American redstart has declined by 50% in the decade of the 1970s. 
B) American redstarts overwintering in mangrove and wetland forests of Central and South America accumulate little 13C in their tissues. 
C) Dry scrub forest is substandard overwintering habitat for the American redstart in Central and South America. 
D) American redstarts overwintering in mangrove and wetland forests are heavier as they begin their return migration north in the spring. 
E) American redstarts with high levels of 13C in their tissues arrive earlier at their summer breeding grounds.

Question 11

Which one of the following is not an ecosystem service?

Accepted Answer

A) maintaining the quality of water supplies 
B) habitat restoration 
C) preventing soil erosion 
D) absorbing pollutants 
E) moderating climate 
A) maintaining the quality of water supplies 
B) habitat restoration 
C) preventing soil erosion 
D) absorbing pollutants 
E) moderating climate

Question 12

Historical extinction rates are best known for

Accepted Answer

A) reptiles and amphibians. 
B) reptiles and birds. 
C) amphibians and fish. 
D) amphibians and birds. 
E) birds and mammals. 
A) reptiles and amphibians. 
B) reptiles and birds. 
C) amphibians and fish. 
D) amphibians and birds. 
E) birds and mammals.

Question 13

As we study the past 50,000 years worth of information about species' decline and extinctions around the world

Accepted Answer

A) we see rapid extinctions,especially of the larger animals,not long after humans arrive in an areA. 
B) we can make a rough estimate of a population's risk of a local extinction. 
C) we see a steady-state rate of extinctions on all continents,only islands show a difference due to climate change. 
D) we see huge extinctions,especially of the larger animals,with ice ages and global warming. 
E) we see local extinctions that appear random,and then recolonizations from other areas. 
A) we see rapid extinctions,especially of the larger animals,not long after humans arrive in an areA. 
B) we can make a rough estimate of a population's risk of a local extinction. 
C) we see a steady-state rate of extinctions on all continents,only islands show a difference due to climate change. 
D) we see huge extinctions,especially of the larger animals,with ice ages and global warming. 
E) we see local extinctions that appear random,and then recolonizations from other areas.

Question 14

Which of the following whale species are recovering their population numbers as a result of whale harvesting regulations?
I-right whales
II-Pacific gray whales
III-sperm whales
IV-fin whales
V-humpback whales

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I,II,and III 
C) II and V 
D) I,II,III,and IV 
E) I,II,and V 
A) I and II 
B) I,II,and III 
C) II and V 
D) I,II,III,and IV 
E) I,II,and V

Question 15

Choose the letter of the best match from the following:
-An area with many endemic species,some of which are disappearing.

Accepted Answer

A) hotspot 
B) habitat loss 
C) edge effects 
D) megafaunal extinction 
E) extinction vortex 
A) hotspot 
B) habitat loss 
C) edge effects 
D) megafaunal extinction 
E) extinction vortex

Question 16

When New York City was given a choice to make regarding its drinking water

Accepted Answer

A) they opted for more bottled water. 
B) they chose ecosystem maintenance over development. 
C) they had to construct expensive filtration plants to protect against disease. 
D) they chose ecosystem conversion to higher density housing for efficiency. 
E) they dug new and deeper wells rather than pay for desalinization. 
A) they opted for more bottled water. 
B) they chose ecosystem maintenance over development. 
C) they had to construct expensive filtration plants to protect against disease. 
D) they chose ecosystem conversion to higher density housing for efficiency. 
E) they dug new and deeper wells rather than pay for desalinization.

Question 17

Which one of the following pairings of conservation concern and an organism illustrating the consequences of that concern is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Zebra mussel-non-native species 
B) Cod-overexploitation 
C) American redstart-deterioration of habitat 
D) Hawaiian birds-edge effect 
E) Flying foxes-keystone species 
A) Zebra mussel-non-native species 
B) Cod-overexploitation 
C) American redstart-deterioration of habitat 
D) Hawaiian birds-edge effect 
E) Flying foxes-keystone species

Question 18

A small island has stable populations of plants and animals,including one species of hawk as the only predator.A resort is built on one end of the island.This causes

Accepted Answer

A) a rapid increase in biodiversity of the island. 
B) a rapid increase in biodiversity of the shallow waters around the island. 
C) an increase in rainfall. 
D) an increased edge effect. 
E) an increase in pollock and a decrease in sea urchins. 
A) a rapid increase in biodiversity of the island. 
B) a rapid increase in biodiversity of the shallow waters around the island. 
C) an increase in rainfall. 
D) an increased edge effect. 
E) an increase in pollock and a decrease in sea urchins.

Question 19

Which one of the following statements about the causes of extinction is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Probability of extinction varies inversely with population size. 
B) Ten 10-hectare habitat patches is not the same as one 100-hectare patch. 
C) Habitat loss is currently the major cause of extinction. 
D) Prehistoric humans in North America lived in harmony with their megafauna. 
E) Probability of extinction is greatest for an endemic species. 
A) Probability of extinction varies inversely with population size. 
B) Ten 10-hectare habitat patches is not the same as one 100-hectare patch. 
C) Habitat loss is currently the major cause of extinction. 
D) Prehistoric humans in North America lived in harmony with their megafauna. 
E) Probability of extinction is greatest for an endemic species.

Question 20

Which of the following groups is most studied regarding the increasing extinctions today?

Accepted Answer

A) amphibians 
B) mammals 
C) fish 
D) insects 
E) bacteria 
A) amphibians 
B) mammals 
C) fish 
D) insects 
E) bacteria

Exam 60: Conservation Biology

As habitats are fragmented,shrinking in size,a major problem is ______.

A small island has stable populations of plants and animals,including one species of hawk as the only predator.The removal of the hawks could cause ____________ for at least a year or two.

Which one of the following statements about habitat restoration is false?

Which one of the following is not a problem that results from a population being small?

Which one of the following statements about preservation of the Illinois prairie chicken is false?

Which one of the following statements about overexploitation of whales is false?

Starting with the overharvesting of plankton-eating whales by humans and ending with the thinning of the kelp forests in the Alaska near-shore community,which one of the following intervening events would have occurred fourth?

The extinction vortex

Match the correct case study in conservation biology with its animal.

Which one of the following was not an observation made in studies of the decline in populations of the American redstart,a migratory songbird?

Which one of the following is not an ecosystem service?

Historical extinction rates are best known for

As we study the past 50,000 years worth of information about species' decline and extinctions around the world

Which of the following whale species are recovering their population numbers as a result of whale harvesting regulations? I-right whales II-Pacific gray whales III-sperm whales IV-fin whales V-humpback whales

Choose the letter of the best match from the following: -An area with many endemic species,some of which are disappearing.

When New York City was given a choice to make regarding its drinking water

Which one of the following pairings of conservation concern and an organism illustrating the consequences of that concern is incorrect?

A small island has stable populations of plants and animals,including one species of hawk as the only predator.A resort is built on one end of the island.This causes

Which one of the following statements about the causes of extinction is false?

Which of the following groups is most studied regarding the increasing extinctions today?

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