Question 1

How many unique mRNA codons can be constructed from the four different RNA nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 8 
C) 16 
D) 32 
E) 64 
A) 4 
B) 8 
C) 16 
D) 32 
E) 64

Question 2

The expression of a gene involves two phases,___________ and translation.

Accepted Answer

A) replication 
B) transcription 
C) unwinding 
D) condensation 
A) replication 
B) transcription 
C) unwinding 
D) condensation

Question 3

Ribosomes are complex arrangements of

Accepted Answer

A) RNA and DNA. 
B) RNA and large proteins. 
C) RNA and sugars. 
D) DNA and proteins. 
E) nucleosomes and RNA. 
A) RNA and DNA. 
B) RNA and large proteins. 
C) RNA and sugars. 
D) DNA and proteins. 
E) nucleosomes and RNA.

Question 4

The initiation complex for protein synthesis contains all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) a small ribosomal subunit. 
B) mRNA. 
C) tRNA with methionine. 
D) a release factor. 
E) an initiation factor. 
A) a small ribosomal subunit. 
B) mRNA. 
C) tRNA with methionine. 
D) a release factor. 
E) an initiation factor.

Question 5

The connection that exists between genes and hereditary traits requires the deciphering of the information encoded in genes into

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids. 
B) nucleotides. 
C) proteins. 
D) histone molecules. 
E) complementary bases. 
A) amino acids. 
B) nucleotides. 
C) proteins. 
D) histone molecules. 
E) complementary bases.

Question 6

The process that occurs when a ribosome moves three more nucleotides along the mRNA molecule in the 5' to 3' direction is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) transduction. 
B) translation. 
C) translocation. 
D) transposon. 
A) transduction. 
B) translation. 
C) translocation. 
D) transposon.

Question 7

Similar to the complementary purine-pyrimidine relationship observed in DNA,which of the following choices pairs with adenine in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) thymine 
B) cytosine 
C) guanine 
D) uracil 
A) thymine 
B) cytosine 
C) guanine 
D) uracil

Question 8

The essence of heredity is the ability of cells to use the information in their DNA to bring about the production of particular ________,thereby affecting what the cells will be like.

Accepted Answer

A) proteins 
B) ribosomes 
C) RNAs 
D) helicases 
A) proteins 
B) ribosomes 
C) RNAs 
D) helicases

Question 9

You are constructing a model of the RNA holoeznyme.You should

Accepted Answer

A) start with the $\alpha$ subunits and then add the core polymerase consisting of the $\beta$ $\beta$'  $\sigma$ subunits. 
B) start with the core polymerase consisting of the $\beta$ $\beta$' subunits and then add the $\beta$ $\sigma$ subunits. 
C) start with the core polymerase consisting of the $\beta$ $\beta$'  $\sigma$ subunits and then add the $\alpha$ subunit. 
D) start with the core polymerase consisting of the $\alpha$$\beta$ $\beta$' subunits and then add the  $\sigma$ subunit. 
A) start with the $\alpha$ subunits and then add the core polymerase consisting of the $\beta$ $\beta$'  $\sigma$ subunits. 
B) start with the core polymerase consisting of the $\beta$ $\beta$' subunits and then add the $\beta$ $\sigma$ subunits. 
C) start with the core polymerase consisting of the $\beta$ $\beta$'  $\sigma$ subunits and then add the $\alpha$ subunit. 
D) start with the core polymerase consisting of the $\alpha$$\beta$ $\beta$' subunits and then add the  $\sigma$ subunit.

Question 10

Which of the following is not true about eukaryotic DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) It is an exceedingly long and fragile molecule. 
B) It is packaged into successively compact formations. 
C) The entire molecule has encoded information for protein synthesis. 
D) In the condensed form,it is transcriptionally inactive. 
E) It must be unpackaged before it can be transcribed into RNA. 
A) It is an exceedingly long and fragile molecule. 
B) It is packaged into successively compact formations. 
C) The entire molecule has encoded information for protein synthesis. 
D) In the condensed form,it is transcriptionally inactive. 
E) It must be unpackaged before it can be transcribed into RNA.

Question 11

Exists as a complex with many large proteins in ribosomes;many different kinds of molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) RNA polymerase 
C) mRNA 
D) rRNA 
A) DNA 
B) RNA polymerase 
C) mRNA 
D) rRNA

Question 12

You are working to characterize a novel protein in mice.Characterization of the mRNA expression pattern revealed that the gene is highly expressed in brain,muscle,liver,and pancreas.To determine the size of the corresponding protein,you make protein extracts from each of the tissues.Using an antibody that recognizes the C-terminal portion of the protein,you perform an analysis that allows you to visualize the extracted protein.Interestingly,you can detect the protein in brain,muscle,and liver,but not the pancreas.Assuming your extracts and reagents are good,and there is no human error,what is the most likely explanation for this result?

Accepted Answer

A) Transcription levels in pancreas are too low. 
B) Translation levels in pancreas are too low. 
C) Alternative splicing in the pancreas leads to protein degradation. 
D) Alternative splicing in the pancreas yields a protein missing the portion of the protein to which the antibody was raiseD. 
A) Transcription levels in pancreas are too low. 
B) Translation levels in pancreas are too low. 
C) Alternative splicing in the pancreas leads to protein degradation. 
D) Alternative splicing in the pancreas yields a protein missing the portion of the protein to which the antibody was raiseD.

Question 13

Specific amino acids are attached to tRNA molecules by

Accepted Answer

A) activating enzymes. 
B) codons. 
C) anticodons. 
D) ribosomes. 
E) initiation factors. 
A) activating enzymes. 
B) codons. 
C) anticodons. 
D) ribosomes. 
E) initiation factors.

Question 14

Following transcription,the intron sequences are cut out of the primary transcript and the ends are joined again prior to its use in protein synthesis.This processing of the RNA is called RNA __________.

Accepted Answer

A) modification 
B) translation 
C) splicing 
D) transcription 
A) modification 
B) translation 
C) splicing 
D) transcription

Question 15

The results suggest that regulatory region(s)lie

Accepted Answer

A) between -150 to -120 and between -30 to 0. 
B) between -30 and 0 only. 
C) between -120 and -30. 
D) between -120 to -90,between -30 to 0. 
A) between -150 to -120 and between -30 to 0. 
B) between -30 and 0 only. 
C) between -120 and -30. 
D) between -120 to -90,between -30 to 0.

Question 16

The enzyme that initiates transcription is

Accepted Answer

A) RNA polymerase. 
B) DNA polymerase. 
C) carbonic anhydrase. 
D) ATP synthetase. 
E) transformation principlE. 
A) RNA polymerase. 
B) DNA polymerase. 
C) carbonic anhydrase. 
D) ATP synthetase. 
E) transformation principlE.

Question 17

Most eukaryotic genes contain coding sequences called ________ that are interspersed with noncoding sequences.

Accepted Answer

A) introns 
B) exons 
C) codons 
D) DNA 
A) introns 
B) exons 
C) codons 
D) DNA

Question 18

The sites A,P,and E are progressively occupied by amino acids being assembled into a chain in protein synthesis.These sites are part of

Accepted Answer

A) small ribosomal subunit. 
B) large ribosomal subunit. 
C) mRNA. 
D) tRNA. 
E) DNA (the gene itself). 
A) small ribosomal subunit. 
B) large ribosomal subunit. 
C) mRNA. 
D) tRNA. 
E) DNA (the gene itself).

Question 19

Ribosome movement along the mRNA transcript is called

Accepted Answer

A) transcription. 
B) translation. 
C) replication. 
D) translocation. 
E) mutation. 
A) transcription. 
B) translation. 
C) replication. 
D) translocation. 
E) mutation.

Question 20

Of the types of RNA polymerase that are known,which one is the most complex?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV

Exam 15: Genes and How They Work

How many unique mRNA codons can be constructed from the four different RNA nucleotides?

The expression of a gene involves two phases,___________ and translation.

Ribosomes are complex arrangements of

The initiation complex for protein synthesis contains all of the following except

The connection that exists between genes and hereditary traits requires the deciphering of the information encoded in genes into

The process that occurs when a ribosome moves three more nucleotides along the mRNA molecule in the 5' to 3' direction is referred to as

Similar to the complementary purine-pyrimidine relationship observed in DNA,which of the following choices pairs with adenine in RNA?

The essence of heredity is the ability of cells to use the information in their DNA to bring about the production of particular ________,thereby affecting what the cells will be like.

You are constructing a model of the RNA holoeznyme.You should

Which of the following is not true about eukaryotic DNA?

Exists as a complex with many large proteins in ribosomes;many different kinds of molecules.

Specific amino acids are attached to tRNA molecules by

Following transcription,the intron sequences are cut out of the primary transcript and the ends are joined again prior to its use in protein synthesis.This processing of the RNA is called RNA __________.

The results suggest that regulatory region(s)lie

The enzyme that initiates transcription is

Most eukaryotic genes contain coding sequences called ________ that are interspersed with noncoding sequences.

The sites A,P,and E are progressively occupied by amino acids being assembled into a chain in protein synthesis.These sites are part of

Ribosome movement along the mRNA transcript is called

Of the types of RNA polymerase that are known,which one is the most complex?

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