Question 1

DNA and RNA nucleotides are composed of five carbon sugars,phosphate,and nitrogen bases.How many total nitrogen bases are there for use in the two nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5

Question 2

There are 45 different kinds tRNA (anticodons)available to serve as amino acid carriers,but there are 64 mRNA codons.Why aren't the tRNA anticodons and mRNA codons equal in number?

Accepted Answer

A) The reason is that the third base pair on the tRNA allows some flexibility (wobble);thus,some tRNA anticodons can recognize more than one mRNA codon. 
B) The reason is that some tRNA anticodons can misread some of the mRNA codons,which creates a "wobble" in the tRNA anticodons that can be repaired by RNA repair enzymes. 
C) The reason is that the third base pair on the mRNA codon allows some flexibility (wobble);thus,some tRNA anticodons can recognize more than one mRNA codon. 
D) The reason is that the tRNA has the flexibility to choose which mRNA codons are necessary for building the polypeptide chain. 
A) The reason is that the third base pair on the tRNA allows some flexibility (wobble);thus,some tRNA anticodons can recognize more than one mRNA codon. 
B) The reason is that some tRNA anticodons can misread some of the mRNA codons,which creates a "wobble" in the tRNA anticodons that can be repaired by RNA repair enzymes. 
C) The reason is that the third base pair on the mRNA codon allows some flexibility (wobble);thus,some tRNA anticodons can recognize more than one mRNA codon. 
D) The reason is that the tRNA has the flexibility to choose which mRNA codons are necessary for building the polypeptide chain.

Question 3

Which of the following types of RNA recognize the intron/exon junctions?

Accepted Answer

A) miRNA 
B) SRP RNA 
C) snRNA 
D) siRNA 
A) miRNA 
B) SRP RNA 
C) snRNA 
D) siRNA

Question 4

If the sequence of bases in a section of DNA is ATCGCTCC,what is the corresponding sequence of bases in mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) ATCCGATT 
B) TAGGCUGG 
C) UAGCGAGG 
D) TATCGGCC 
E) AUCCGAUU 
A) ATCCGATT 
B) TAGGCUGG 
C) UAGCGAGG 
D) TATCGGCC 
E) AUCCGAUU

Question 5

Cells can conserve energy and resources by making proteins only when they are needed.Which of the following levels of control is the most energy-efficient?

Accepted Answer

A) transcription regulation 
B) degrade the mRNA after it is made 
C) prevent translation of the mRNA at the ribosome 
D) degrade the protein after it is made 
A) transcription regulation 
B) degrade the mRNA after it is made 
C) prevent translation of the mRNA at the ribosome 
D) degrade the protein after it is made

Question 6

The number of nucleotides required to specify an amino acid is

Accepted Answer

A) 1. 
B) 2. 
C) 3. 
D) 4. 
E) a variable number. 
A) 1. 
B) 2. 
C) 3. 
D) 4. 
E) a variable number.

Question 7

The strand of DNA that is not transcribed is called the ______ strand.

Accepted Answer

A) coding 
B) non-coding 
C) replicate 
D) inert 
A) coding 
B) non-coding 
C) replicate 
D) inert

Question 8

The given sequence

Accepted Answer

A) is from a prokaryote. 
B) is from a eukaryote. 
C) can be from either a prokaryote or a eukaryote. 
D) is from neither a prokaryote nor a eukaryote. 
A) is from a prokaryote. 
B) is from a eukaryote. 
C) can be from either a prokaryote or a eukaryote. 
D) is from neither a prokaryote nor a eukaryote.

Question 9

One hypothesis proposed to account for intron-exon arrangements found in genes is called

Accepted Answer

A) intron shuffling. 
B) exon shuffling. 
C) domain shuffling. 
D) functional domain shuffling. 
A) intron shuffling. 
B) exon shuffling. 
C) domain shuffling. 
D) functional domain shuffling.

Question 10

The 3' Poly-A tail is attached to

Accepted Answer

A) the Poly-A polymerase enzyme. 
B) the mRNA. 
C) the tRNA. 
D) the coding strand of the DNA molecule. 
E) the template strand of the DNA moleculE. 
A) the Poly-A polymerase enzyme. 
B) the mRNA. 
C) the tRNA. 
D) the coding strand of the DNA molecule. 
E) the template strand of the DNA moleculE.

Question 11

Translated,the corresponding protein contains how many amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 7 
C) 8 
D) 13 
A) 6 
B) 7 
C) 8 
D) 13

Question 12

When multiple snRNPs combine to form a larger complex called a ___________ the intron loops out and is excised.

Accepted Answer

A) synapse 
B) introsome 
C) exon 
D) spliceosome 
A) synapse 
B) introsome 
C) exon 
D) spliceosome

Question 13

Single long strand that passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in eukaryotes;contains information for polypeptide assembly.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) RNA polymerase 
C) mRNA 
D) rRNA 
A) DNA 
B) RNA polymerase 
C) mRNA 
D) rRNA

Question 14

What is the anticodon for the fourth codon?

Accepted Answer

A) AGC 
B) UCG 
C) GAU 
D) CUA 
A) AGC 
B) UCG 
C) GAU 
D) CUA

Question 15

The tRNA nucleotide sequence that lines up on the mRNA is

Accepted Answer

A) an intron. 
B) an exon. 
C) a release factor. 
D) an initiation factor. 
E) an anticodon. 
A) an intron. 
B) an exon. 
C) a release factor. 
D) an initiation factor. 
E) an anticodon.

Question 16

The process in which an RNA polymerase molecule assembles an mRNA molecule whose nucleotide sequence is complementary to the DNA sequence is called

Accepted Answer

A) gene amplification. 
B) translation. 
C) transcription. 
D) polypeptide sequencing. 
E) complementary base pairing. 
A) gene amplification. 
B) translation. 
C) transcription. 
D) polypeptide sequencing. 
E) complementary base pairing.

Question 17

Initiation of transcription differs from initiation of DNA replication in several ways.One such difference is that transcription does not require

Accepted Answer

A) GTP or ATP. 
B) any enzymes. 
C) a primer. 
D) a DNA template stranD. 
A) GTP or ATP. 
B) any enzymes. 
C) a primer. 
D) a DNA template stranD.

Question 18

Noncoding DNA that interrupt the nucleotide sequence of a gene are called

Accepted Answer

A) exons. 
B) introns. 
C) axons. 
D) anRNPs (snurps). 
E) spliceosomE. 
A) exons. 
B) introns. 
C) axons. 
D) anRNPs (snurps). 
E) spliceosomE.

Question 19

Which of the following is required for formation of the transcription initiation complex in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) binding of a transcription factor to the TATA box,recruitment of additional transcription factors,and recruitment of RNA polymerase II 
B) binding of a transcription factor to the operon,recruitment of additional transcription factors,and recruitment of RNA polymerase III 
C) binding of a single transcription factor to the TATA box and recruitment of RNA polymerase II 
D) binding of RNA polymerase II to the TATA box and core promoter 
A) binding of a transcription factor to the TATA box,recruitment of additional transcription factors,and recruitment of RNA polymerase II 
B) binding of a transcription factor to the operon,recruitment of additional transcription factors,and recruitment of RNA polymerase III 
C) binding of a single transcription factor to the TATA box and recruitment of RNA polymerase II 
D) binding of RNA polymerase II to the TATA box and core promoter

Question 20

Besides the triplet nature of the genetic code,the other major piece of information that was provided by Crick and his coworkers is that

Accepted Answer

A) each codon specified a different amino acid. 
B) the code of all DNA molecules is the same. 
C) the proteins made from the coded information are always the same. 
D) the reading of the code occurs without any punctuation. 
E) the genetic code is the same in all organisms with no exceptions. 
A) each codon specified a different amino acid. 
B) the code of all DNA molecules is the same. 
C) the proteins made from the coded information are always the same. 
D) the reading of the code occurs without any punctuation. 
E) the genetic code is the same in all organisms with no exceptions.

Exam 15: Genes and How They Work

DNA and RNA nucleotides are composed of five carbon sugars,phosphate,and nitrogen bases.How many total nitrogen bases are there for use in the two nucleic acids?

There are 45 different kinds tRNA (anticodons)available to serve as amino acid carriers,but there are 64 mRNA codons.Why aren't the tRNA anticodons and mRNA codons equal in number?

Which of the following types of RNA recognize the intron/exon junctions?

If the sequence of bases in a section of DNA is ATCGCTCC,what is the corresponding sequence of bases in mRNA?

Cells can conserve energy and resources by making proteins only when they are needed.Which of the following levels of control is the most energy-efficient?

The number of nucleotides required to specify an amino acid is

The strand of DNA that is not transcribed is called the ______ strand.

The given sequence

One hypothesis proposed to account for intron-exon arrangements found in genes is called

The 3' Poly-A tail is attached to

Translated,the corresponding protein contains how many amino acids?

When multiple snRNPs combine to form a larger complex called a ___________ the intron loops out and is excised.

Single long strand that passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in eukaryotes;contains information for polypeptide assembly.

What is the anticodon for the fourth codon?

The tRNA nucleotide sequence that lines up on the mRNA is

The process in which an RNA polymerase molecule assembles an mRNA molecule whose nucleotide sequence is complementary to the DNA sequence is called

Initiation of transcription differs from initiation of DNA replication in several ways.One such difference is that transcription does not require

Noncoding DNA that interrupt the nucleotide sequence of a gene are called

Which of the following is required for formation of the transcription initiation complex in eukaryotes?

Besides the triplet nature of the genetic code,the other major piece of information that was provided by Crick and his coworkers is that

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes Mapping and the Meiosis - Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Tree of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Overview of Green Plants

Fungi

Overview of Animal Diversity

Noncoelomate Invertebrates

Coelomate Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Form

Vegetative Plant Development

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Population Ecology

Community of Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology