Question 1

Which of the following is True of innate behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A) Genes have very little influence on the expression of innate behaviors. 
B) Innate behaviors tend to vary considerably among members of a population. 
C) Innate behaviors are limited to invertebrate animals. 
D) Innate behaviors are expressed in most individuals in a population across a wide range of environmental conditions. 
E) Innate behaviors occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not in mammals. 
A) Genes have very little influence on the expression of innate behaviors. 
B) Innate behaviors tend to vary considerably among members of a population. 
C) Innate behaviors are limited to invertebrate animals. 
D) Innate behaviors are expressed in most individuals in a population across a wide range of environmental conditions. 
E) Innate behaviors occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not in mammals.

Question 2

A type of bird similar to a chickadee learns to peck through the cardboard tops of milk bottles left on doorsteps and drink the cream from the top. What term best applies to this behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) sign stimulus 
B) habituation 
C) imprinting 
D) classical conditioning 
E) operant conditioning 
A) sign stimulus 
B) habituation 
C) imprinting 
D) classical conditioning 
E) operant conditioning

Question 3

Which of the following is not required for a behavioral trait to evolve by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) In each individual, the form of the behavior is determined entirely by genes. 
B) The behavior varies among individuals. 
C) An individual's reproductive success depends in part on how the behavior is performed. 
D) Some component of the behavior is genetically inherited. 
E) An individual's genotype influences its behavioral phenotype. 
A) In each individual, the form of the behavior is determined entirely by genes. 
B) The behavior varies among individuals. 
C) An individual's reproductive success depends in part on how the behavior is performed. 
D) Some component of the behavior is genetically inherited. 
E) An individual's genotype influences its behavioral phenotype.

Question 4

Animals tend to maximize their energy intake-to-expenditure ratio. What is this behavior called?

Accepted Answer

A) agonistic behavior 
B) optimal foraging 
C) dominance hierarchies 
D) animal cognition 
E) territoriality 
A) agonistic behavior 
B) optimal foraging 
C) dominance hierarchies 
D) animal cognition 
E) territoriality

Question 5

The presence of altruistic behavior is most likely due to kin selection, a theory maintaining that

Accepted Answer

A) aggression between sexes promotes the survival of the fittest individuals. 
B) genes enhance survival of copies of themselves by directing organisms to assist others who share those genes. 
C) companionship is advantageous to animals because in the future they can help each other. 
D) critical thinking abilities are normal traits for animals and they have arisen, like other traits, through natural selection. 
E) natural selection has generally favored the evolution of exaggerated aggressive and submissive behaviors to resolve conflict without grave harm to participants. 
A) aggression between sexes promotes the survival of the fittest individuals. 
B) genes enhance survival of copies of themselves by directing organisms to assist others who share those genes. 
C) companionship is advantageous to animals because in the future they can help each other. 
D) critical thinking abilities are normal traits for animals and they have arisen, like other traits, through natural selection. 
E) natural selection has generally favored the evolution of exaggerated aggressive and submissive behaviors to resolve conflict without grave harm to participants.

Question 6

A cage containing male mosquitoes has a small earphone placed on top, through which the sound of a female mosquito is played. All the males immediately fly to the earphone and thrust their abdomens through the fabric of the cage. What is the best explanation for this behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) The males learn to associate the sound with females. 
B) Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is a sign stimulus that initiates it. 
C) The sound from the earphone irritates the male mosquitoes, causing them to attempt to sting it. 
D) The reproductive drive is so strong that when males are deprived of females, they will attempt to mate with anything that has even the slightest female characteristic. 
E) Through classical conditioning, the male mosquitoes have associated the inappropriate stimulus from the earphone with the normal response of copulation. 
A) The males learn to associate the sound with females. 
B) Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is a sign stimulus that initiates it. 
C) The sound from the earphone irritates the male mosquitoes, causing them to attempt to sting it. 
D) The reproductive drive is so strong that when males are deprived of females, they will attempt to mate with anything that has even the slightest female characteristic. 
E) Through classical conditioning, the male mosquitoes have associated the inappropriate stimulus from the earphone with the normal response of copulation.

Question 7

Which of the following is least related to the others?

Accepted Answer

A) agonistic behavior 
B) cognitive maps 
C) dominance hierarchy 
D) ritual 
E) territory 
A) agonistic behavior 
B) cognitive maps 
C) dominance hierarchy 
D) ritual 
E) territory

Question 8

Male insects attempt to mate with orchids but eventually stop responding to them. What term best applies to this behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) sign stimulus 
B) habituation 
C) imprinting 
D) classical conditioning 
E) operant conditioning 
A) sign stimulus 
B) habituation 
C) imprinting 
D) classical conditioning 
E) operant conditioning

Question 9

Which of the following statements about learning and behavior is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Operant conditioning involves associating a behavior with a reward or punishment. 
B) Associative learning involves linking one stimulus with another. 
C) Classical conditioning involves trial-and-error learning. 
D) Behavior can be modified by learning, but some apparent learning is due to maturation. 
E) Imprinting is a learned behavior with an innate component acquired during a sensitive period. 
A) Operant conditioning involves associating a behavior with a reward or punishment. 
B) Associative learning involves linking one stimulus with another. 
C) Classical conditioning involves trial-and-error learning. 
D) Behavior can be modified by learning, but some apparent learning is due to maturation. 
E) Imprinting is a learned behavior with an innate component acquired during a sensitive period.

Question 10

Which scientist devised a rule that predicts when natural selection should favor altruism?

Accepted Answer

A) Karl von Frisch 
B) Niko Tinbergen 
C) Konrad Lorenz 
D) William Hamilton 
E) Ivan Pavlov 
A) Karl von Frisch 
B) Niko Tinbergen 
C) Konrad Lorenz 
D) William Hamilton 
E) Ivan Pavlov

Question 11

Which of the following groups of scientists is closely associated with ethology?

Accepted Answer

A) Watson, Crick, and Franklin 
B) McClintock, Goodall, and Lyon 
C) Fossey, Hershey, and Chase 
D) von Frisch, Lorenz, and Tinbergen 
E) Hardy, Weinberg, and Castle 
A) Watson, Crick, and Franklin 
B) McClintock, Goodall, and Lyon 
C) Fossey, Hershey, and Chase 
D) von Frisch, Lorenz, and Tinbergen 
E) Hardy, Weinberg, and Castle

Question 12

Animals that help other animals of the same species are expected to

Accepted Answer

A) have excess energy reserves. 
B) be bigger and stronger than the other animals. 
C) be genetically related to the other animals. 
D) be male. 
E) have defective genes controlling their behavior. 
A) have excess energy reserves. 
B) be bigger and stronger than the other animals. 
C) be genetically related to the other animals. 
D) be male. 
E) have defective genes controlling their behavior.

Question 13

The time during imprinting when specific behaviors can be learned is called the

Accepted Answer

A) window of imprinting. 
B) major period. 
C) sensitive period. 
D) timing imprint. 
E) significant window. 
A) window of imprinting. 
B) major period. 
C) sensitive period. 
D) timing imprint. 
E) significant window.

Question 14

Modern behavioral concepts relate the cost of a behavior to its benefit. Under which relationship might a behavior be performed?

Accepted Answer

A) cost is greater than the benefit 
B) cost is less than the benefit 
C) cost is equal to the benefit 
D) A and C only 
E) B and C only 
A) cost is greater than the benefit 
B) cost is less than the benefit 
C) cost is equal to the benefit 
D) A and C only 
E) B and C only

Question 15

Which scientist determined that digger wasps used landmarks to locate nest entrances?

Accepted Answer

A) Karl von Frisch 
B) Niko Tinbergen 
C) Konrad Lorenz 
D) William Hamilton 
E) Ivan Pavlov 
A) Karl von Frisch 
B) Niko Tinbergen 
C) Konrad Lorenz 
D) William Hamilton 
E) Ivan Pavlov

Question 16

Which scientist studied imprinting of greylag geese?

Accepted Answer

A) Karl von Frisch 
B) Niko Tinbergen 
C) Konrad Lorenz 
D) William Hamilton 
E) Ivan Pavlov 
A) Karl von Frisch 
B) Niko Tinbergen 
C) Konrad Lorenz 
D) William Hamilton 
E) Ivan Pavlov

Question 17

Among song birds, a "crystallized" song is one that

Accepted Answer

A) is high pitched. 
B) is aimed at attracting mates. 
C) extremely young chicks sing. 
D) is the final song that some species produce. 
E) warns of predators. 
A) is high pitched. 
B) is aimed at attracting mates. 
C) extremely young chicks sing. 
D) is the final song that some species produce. 
E) warns of predators.

Question 18

Which scientist suggested that human social behavior may have a genetic basis?

Accepted Answer

A) E. O. Wilson 
B) Jane Goodall 
C) J. B. S. Haldane 
D) Niko Tinbergen 
E) William Hamilton 
A) E. O. Wilson 
B) Jane Goodall 
C) J. B. S. Haldane 
D) Niko Tinbergen 
E) William Hamilton

Question 19

Which of the following is least related to the others?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed action pattern 
B) imprinting 
C) operant conditioning 
D) classical conditioning 
E) habituation 
A) fixed action pattern 
B) imprinting 
C) operant conditioning 
D) classical conditioning 
E) habituation

Question 20

In the territorial behavior of the stickleback fish, the red belly of one male elicits attack from another male by functioning as

Accepted Answer

A) a pheromone. 
B) a sign stimulus. 
C) a fixed action pattern. 
D) a search image. 
E) an imprint stimulus. 
A) a pheromone. 
B) a sign stimulus. 
C) a fixed action pattern. 
D) a search image. 
E) an imprint stimulus.

Exam 51: Animal Behavior

Which of the following is True of innate behaviors?

A type of bird similar to a chickadee learns to peck through the cardboard tops of milk bottles left on doorsteps and drink the cream from the top. What term best applies to this behavior?

Which of the following is not required for a behavioral trait to evolve by natural selection?

Animals tend to maximize their energy intake-to-expenditure ratio. What is this behavior called?

The presence of altruistic behavior is most likely due to kin selection, a theory maintaining that

A cage containing male mosquitoes has a small earphone placed on top, through which the sound of a female mosquito is played. All the males immediately fly to the earphone and thrust their abdomens through the fabric of the cage. What is the best explanation for this behavior?

Which of the following is least related to the others?

Male insects attempt to mate with orchids but eventually stop responding to them. What term best applies to this behavior?

Which of the following statements about learning and behavior is incorrect?

Which scientist devised a rule that predicts when natural selection should favor altruism?

Which of the following groups of scientists is closely associated with ethology?

Animals that help other animals of the same species are expected to

The time during imprinting when specific behaviors can be learned is called the

Modern behavioral concepts relate the cost of a behavior to its benefit. Under which relationship might a behavior be performed?

Which scientist determined that digger wasps used landmarks to locate nest entrances?

Which scientist studied imprinting of greylag geese?

Among song birds, a "crystallized" song is one that

Which scientist suggested that human social behavior may have a genetic basis?

Which of the following is least related to the others?

In the territorial behavior of the stickleback fish, the red belly of one male elicits attack from another male by functioning as

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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