Exam 23: The Evolution of Populations

You are studying three populations of birds. Population A has ten birds, of which one is brown (a recessive trait) and nine are red. Population B has 100 birds, of which ten are brown. Population C has 30 birds, and three of them are brown. -In which population would it be least likely that an accident would significantly alter the frequency of the brown allele?

You are studying three populations of birds. Population A has ten birds, of which one is brown (a recessive trait) and nine are red. Population B has 100 birds, of which ten are brown. Population C has 30 birds, and three of them are brown. -Which population is most likely to be subject to the bottleneck effect?

You are studying three populations of birds. Population A has ten birds, of which one is brown (a recessive trait) and nine are red. Population B has 100 birds, of which ten are brown. Population C has 30 birds, and three of them are brown. -In which population is the frequency of the allele for brown feathers highest?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. HIV's genome of RNA includes code for reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme that acts early in infection to synthesize a DNA genome off of an RNA template. The HIV genome also codes for protease (PR), an enzyme that acts later in infection by cutting long viral polyproteins into smaller, functional proteins. Both RT and PR represent potential targets for antiretroviral drugs. Drugs called nucleoside analogs (NA) act against RT, whereas drugs called protease inhibitors (PI) act against PR. -Which of these represents the treatment option that is most likely to avoid the production of drug-resistant HIV (assuming no drug interactions or side effects)?

Which describes an African butterfly species that exists in two strikingly different color patterns?

When we say that an individual organism has a greater fitness than another individual, we specifically mean that the organism

Most Swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Those producing fewer or more than this have reduced fitness. Which of the following terms best describes this?

A proficient engineer can easily design skeletal structures that are more functional than those currently found in the forelimbs of such diverse mammals as horses, whales, and bats. That the actual forelimbs of these mammals do not seem to be optimally arranged is because

Which of the following statements best summarizes evolution as it is viewed today?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. HIV's genome of RNA includes code for reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme that acts early in infection to synthesize a DNA genome off of an RNA template. The HIV genome also codes for protease (PR), an enzyme that acts later in infection by cutting long viral polyproteins into smaller, functional proteins. Both RT and PR represent potential targets for antiretroviral drugs. Drugs called nucleoside analogs (NA) act against RT, whereas drugs called protease inhibitors (PI) act against PR. -Blue light is that portion of the visible spectrum that penetrates the deepest into bodies of water. Ultraviolet (UV)light, though, can penetrate even deeper. A gene within a population of marine fish that inhabits depths from 500 m to 1,000 m has an allele for a photopigment that is sensitive to UV light, and another allele for a photopigment that is sensitive to blue light. Which graph below best depicts the predicted distribution of these alleles if the fish that carry these alleles prefer to locate themselves where they can see best?

Which of these is a statement that Darwin would have rejected?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. HIV's genome of RNA includes code for reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme that acts early in infection to synthesize a DNA genome off of an RNA template. The HIV genome also codes for protease (PR), an enzyme that acts later in infection by cutting long viral polyproteins into smaller, functional proteins. Both RT and PR represent potential targets for antiretroviral drugs. Drugs called nucleoside analogs (NA) act against RT, whereas drugs called protease inhibitors (PI) act against PR. -The DNA polymerases of all cellular organisms have proofreading capability. This capability tends to reduce the introduction of

Heterozygote advantage should be most closely linked to which of the following?

The recessive allele that causes phenylketonuria (PKU)is harmful, except when an infant's diet lacks the amino acid, phenylalanine. What maintains the presence of this harmful allele in a population's gene pool?

Sexual dimorphism is most often a result of

Which definition of evolution would have been most foreign to Charles Darwin during his lifetime?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. A large population of laboratory animals has been allowed to breed randomly for a number of generations. After several generations, 25% of the animals display a recessive trait (aa), the same percentage as at the beginning of the breeding program. The rest of the animals show the dominant phenotype, with heterozygotes indistinguishable from the homozygous dominants. -What is the most reasonable conclusion that can be drawn from the fact that the frequency of the recessive trait (aa)has not changed over time?

In a very large population, a quantitative trait has the following distribution pattern: Figure 23.1 -If the curve shifts to the left or to the right, there is no gene flow, and the population size consequently increases over successive generations, then which of these is (are)probably occurring? 1) immigration or emigration 2) directional selection 3) adaptation 4) genetic drift 5) disruptive selection

Which describes brightly colored peacocks mating more frequently than drab peacocks?

If the frequency of a particular allele that is present in a small, isolated population of alpine plants decreases due to a landslide that leaves an even smaller remnant of surviving plants bearing this allele, then what has occurred?