Exam 6: A Tour of the Cell

Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in

Use the following to answer the following questions. All three are involved in maintenance of cell shape. \begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{|l}\hline\\ \text {Property}\\\hline\\\\ \text {Structure}\\\hline\\ \text {Diameter}\\\hline \text {Main}\\\text {functions}\\\hline \end{array}\begin{array}{|l|}\hline \text { Microtubules (tubulin}\\\text { polymers)}\\\hline \text {Hollow tubes; wall}\\ \text {consists of 13 columns}\\ \text {of tubulin molecules}\\\hline \text { 25 \mathrm{~nm} with 15-nm}\\ \text {lumen}\\\hline\\ \text {Cell motility}\\\hline \end{array}\begin{array}{l|}\hline \text { Microfilaments (actin}\\ \text { filaments)}\\\hline \text { Two intertwined strands}\\ \text { of actin, each a polymer }\\ \text { of actin subunits}\\\hline\\ \text { \( 7 \mathrm{~nm} \)}\\\hline\\ \text { Cell motility}\\\hline \end{array}\begin{array}{l|}\hline \text {Intermediate}\\ \text {filaments}\\\hline \text {Fibrous proteins }\\ \text {supercoiled into}\\ \text { thicker cables}\\\hline\\ \text {8-12nm}\\\hline\\ \text {Anchorage}\\\hline\end{array}\end{array} -The differences among the three categories of cytoskeletal elements would suggest that each of the following has specialized roles. Which of the following is a correct match?

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

A biologist is studying kidney tubules in small mammals. She wants specifically to examine the juxtaposition of different types of cells in these structures. The cells in question can be distinguished by external shape, size, and 3-dimensional characteristics. Which would be the optimum method for her study?

Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosomes?

Which of the following contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that

When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they most likely would use

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Use the following to answer the following questions. All three are involved in maintenance of cell shape. \begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{|l}\hline\\ \text {Property}\\\hline\\\\ \text {Structure}\\\hline\\ \text {Diameter}\\\hline \text {Main}\\\text {functions}\\\hline \end{array}\begin{array}{|l|}\hline \text { Microtubules (tubulin}\\\text { polymers)}\\\hline \text {Hollow tubes; wall}\\ \text {consists of 13 columns}\\ \text {of tubulin molecules}\\\hline \text { 25 \mathrm{~nm} with 15-nm}\\ \text {lumen}\\\hline\\ \text {Cell motility}\\\hline \end{array}\begin{array}{l|}\hline \text { Microfilaments (actin}\\ \text { filaments)}\\\hline \text { Two intertwined strands}\\ \text { of actin, each a polymer }\\ \text { of actin subunits}\\\hline\\ \text { \( 7 \mathrm{~nm} \)}\\\hline\\ \text { Cell motility}\\\hline \end{array}\begin{array}{l|}\hline \text {Intermediate}\\ \text {filaments}\\\hline \text {Fibrous proteins }\\ \text {supercoiled into}\\ \text { thicker cables}\\\hline\\ \text {8-12nm}\\\hline\\ \text {Anchorage}\\\hline\end{array}\end{array} -Which of the following makes it necessary for animal cells, although they have no cell walls, to have intercellular junctions?

The mitochondrion, like the nucleus, has two or more membrane layers. How is the innermost of these layers different from that of the nucleus?

How does the cell multiply its peroxisomes?

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

Use the following to answer the following questions. All three are involved in maintenance of cell shape. \begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{|l}\hline\\ \text {Property}\\\hline\\\\ \text {Structure}\\\hline\\ \text {Diameter}\\\hline \text {Main}\\\text {functions}\\\hline \end{array}\begin{array}{|l|}\hline \text { Microtubules (tubulin}\\\text { polymers)}\\\hline \text {Hollow tubes; wall}\\ \text {consists of 13 columns}\\ \text {of tubulin molecules}\\\hline \text { 25 \mathrm{~nm} with 15-nm}\\ \text {lumen}\\\hline\\ \text {Cell motility}\\\hline \end{array}\begin{array}{l|}\hline \text { Microfilaments (actin}\\ \text { filaments)}\\\hline \text { Two intertwined strands}\\ \text { of actin, each a polymer }\\ \text { of actin subunits}\\\hline\\ \text { \( 7 \mathrm{~nm} \)}\\\hline\\ \text { Cell motility}\\\hline \end{array}\begin{array}{l|}\hline \text {Intermediate}\\ \text {filaments}\\\hline \text {Fibrous proteins }\\ \text {supercoiled into}\\ \text { thicker cables}\\\hline\\ \text {8-12nm}\\\hline\\ \text {Anchorage}\\\hline\end{array}\end{array} -Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. This leads us to which of the following as a probable hypothesis?