Question 1

Testosterone is synthesized primarily by the

Accepted Answer

A) sperm cells. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) Leydig cells. 
D) anterior pituitary gland. 
E) seminiferous tubules. 
A) sperm cells. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) Leydig cells. 
D) anterior pituitary gland. 
E) seminiferous tubules.

Question 2

Genetic mutations in asexually reproducing organisms lead to more evolutionary change than do genetic mutations in sexually reproducing ones because

Accepted Answer

A) asexually reproducing organisms, but not sexually reproducing organisms, pass all mutations on to their offspring. 
B) asexually reproducing organisms devote more time and energy to the process of reproduction than do sexually reproducing organisms. 
C) sexually reproducing organisms can produce more offspring in a given time than can sexually reproducing organisms. 
D) more genetic variation is present in organisms that reproduce asexually than is present in those that reproduce sexually. 
E) asexually reproducing organisms have more dominant genes than organisms that reproduce sexually. 
A) asexually reproducing organisms, but not sexually reproducing organisms, pass all mutations on to their offspring. 
B) asexually reproducing organisms devote more time and energy to the process of reproduction than do sexually reproducing organisms. 
C) sexually reproducing organisms can produce more offspring in a given time than can sexually reproducing organisms. 
D) more genetic variation is present in organisms that reproduce asexually than is present in those that reproduce sexually. 
E) asexually reproducing organisms have more dominant genes than organisms that reproduce sexually.

Question 3

The hormone progesterone is produced

Accepted Answer

A) in the pituitary and acts directly on the ovary. 
B) in the uterus and acts directly on the pituitary. 
C) in the ovary and acts directly on the uterus. 
D) in the pituitary and acts directly on the uterus. 
E) in the uterus and acts directly on the ovary. 
A) in the pituitary and acts directly on the ovary. 
B) in the uterus and acts directly on the pituitary. 
C) in the ovary and acts directly on the uterus. 
D) in the pituitary and acts directly on the uterus. 
E) in the uterus and acts directly on the ovary.

Question 4

Two contraceptive methods that are generally irreversible and that block the gametes from moving to a site where fertilization can occur are

Accepted Answer

A) the male condom and female condom. 
B) the male condom and oral contraceptives. 
C) vasectomy and tubal ligation. 
D) coitus interruptus and rhythm method. 
E) the diaphragm and subcutaneous progesterone implant. 
A) the male condom and female condom. 
B) the male condom and oral contraceptives. 
C) vasectomy and tubal ligation. 
D) coitus interruptus and rhythm method. 
E) the diaphragm and subcutaneous progesterone implant.

Question 5

For water fleas of the genus Daphnia,switching from a pattern of asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction coincides with

Accepted Answer

A) environmental conditions becoming more favourable for offspring. 
B) greater abundance of food resources for offspring. 
C) periods of temperature or food stresses on adults. 
D) completion of puberty. 
E) exhaustion of an individual's supply of eggs. 
A) environmental conditions becoming more favourable for offspring. 
B) greater abundance of food resources for offspring. 
C) periods of temperature or food stresses on adults. 
D) completion of puberty. 
E) exhaustion of an individual's supply of eggs.

Question 6

A vasectomy

Accepted Answer

A) eliminates spermatogenesis. 
B) eliminates testosterone synthesis. 
C) prevents implantation of an embryo. 
D) prevents sperm from exiting the male urethra. 
E) prevents oocytes from entering the uterus. 
A) eliminates spermatogenesis. 
B) eliminates testosterone synthesis. 
C) prevents implantation of an embryo. 
D) prevents sperm from exiting the male urethra. 
E) prevents oocytes from entering the uterus.

Question 7

For lactation to take place,the synthesis of breast milk and its release from the mammary gland,respectively,are caused by

Accepted Answer

A) testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. 
B) estrogen and progesterone. 
C) cortisol and testosterone. 
D) prolactin and oxytocin. 
E) luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. 
A) testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. 
B) estrogen and progesterone. 
C) cortisol and testosterone. 
D) prolactin and oxytocin. 
E) luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.

Question 8

External chemical signals that coordinate potential reproductive partners are called

Accepted Answer

A) hormones. 
B) pheromones. 
C) paracrine signals. 
D) cytokines. 
E) gametes. 
A) hormones. 
B) pheromones. 
C) paracrine signals. 
D) cytokines. 
E) gametes.

Question 9

Increasing the temperature of the human scrotum by 2°C (i.e.,near the normal body core temperature)and holding it there would

Accepted Answer

A) reduce the fertility of the man by impairing the production of gonadal steroid hormones. 
B) reduce the fertility of the man by impairing spermatogenesis. 
C) reduce the man's sexual interest. 
D) increase the fertility of the affected man by enhancing the rate of steroidogenesis. 
E) have no effect on male reproductive processes. 
A) reduce the fertility of the man by impairing the production of gonadal steroid hormones. 
B) reduce the fertility of the man by impairing spermatogenesis. 
C) reduce the man's sexual interest. 
D) increase the fertility of the affected man by enhancing the rate of steroidogenesis. 
E) have no effect on male reproductive processes.

Question 10

At the end of a nonpregnant ovarian cycle,the breakdown and discharge of the soft uterine tissues is called

Accepted Answer

A) menstruation. 
B) lactation. 
C) fertilization. 
D) menopause. 
E) ovulation. 
A) menstruation. 
B) lactation. 
C) fertilization. 
D) menopause. 
E) ovulation.

Question 11

A reproductive hormone that is secreted directly from a structure in the brain is

Accepted Answer

A) testosterone. 
B) estradiol. 
C) progesterone. 
D) follicle-stimulating hormone. 
E) gonadotropin-releasing hormone. 
A) testosterone. 
B) estradiol. 
C) progesterone. 
D) follicle-stimulating hormone. 
E) gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Question 12

Use the following information for the next few questions.
The manager of a large commercial aquaculture station wants to bring silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)into Canada for use in his facility.Many government organizations are worried about the carp escaping into local waterways and devastating native flora and fauna.
-Which of the following hormones could be used to sterilize males?

Accepted Answer

A) testosterone 
B) estrogen 
C) oxytocin 
D) prolactin 
E) GnRH 
A) testosterone 
B) estrogen 
C) oxytocin 
D) prolactin 
E) GnRH

Question 13

Labour contractions can be increased by the medical use of a synthetic drug that mimics the action of

Accepted Answer

A) inhibin. 
B) luteinizing hormone. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) prolactin. 
E) vasopressin. 
A) inhibin. 
B) luteinizing hormone. 
C) oxytocin. 
D) prolactin. 
E) vasopressin.

Question 14

Tubal ligation

Accepted Answer

A) reduces the incidence of ovulation. 
B) prevents fertilization by preventing sperm from entering the uterus. 
C) prevents implantation of an embryo. 
D) prevents sperm from exiting the male urethra. 
E) prevents oocytes from entering the uterus. 
A) reduces the incidence of ovulation. 
B) prevents fertilization by preventing sperm from entering the uterus. 
C) prevents implantation of an embryo. 
D) prevents sperm from exiting the male urethra. 
E) prevents oocytes from entering the uterus.

Question 15

So-called "combination" birth control pills function in contraception by

Accepted Answer

A) inhibiting the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH. 
B) irritating the uterine lining so as to prevent implantation. 
C) causing spontaneous abortions. 
D) blocking progesterone receptors, so that pregnancy cannot be maintained. 
E) binding to and inactivating any sperm that enter the oviduct. 
A) inhibiting the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH. 
B) irritating the uterine lining so as to prevent implantation. 
C) causing spontaneous abortions. 
D) blocking progesterone receptors, so that pregnancy cannot be maintained. 
E) binding to and inactivating any sperm that enter the oviduct.

Question 16

What would be the most likely result of an inactivating mutation in the progesterone receptor gene?

Accepted Answer

A) the absence of secondary sex characteristics 
B) the inability of the uterus to support pregnancy 
C) enlarged and hyperactive uterine endometrium 
D) the absence of mammary gland development 
E) release of more than one oocyte per cycle 
A) the absence of secondary sex characteristics 
B) the inability of the uterus to support pregnancy 
C) enlarged and hyperactive uterine endometrium 
D) the absence of mammary gland development 
E) release of more than one oocyte per cycle

Question 17

Among human males,both semen and urine normally travel along the

Accepted Answer

A) vas deferens. 
B) urinary bladder. 
C) seminal vesicle. 
D) urethra. 
E) ureter. 
A) vas deferens. 
B) urinary bladder. 
C) seminal vesicle. 
D) urethra. 
E) ureter.

Question 18

The primary difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that

Accepted Answer

A) the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed, whereas the shed endometrium of menstrual cycles is excreted from the body. 
B) behavioural changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles. 
C) season and climate have less pronounced effects on estrous cycles than they do on menstrual cycles. 
D) copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle, whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation. 
E) most estrous cycles are of much longer duration compared to menstrual cycles. 
A) the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed, whereas the shed endometrium of menstrual cycles is excreted from the body. 
B) behavioural changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles. 
C) season and climate have less pronounced effects on estrous cycles than they do on menstrual cycles. 
D) copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle, whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation. 
E) most estrous cycles are of much longer duration compared to menstrual cycles.

Question 19

A physician finds that a nine-year-old male patient is entering puberty much earlier than is usual.If caused by a tumor,what would be the most likely location?

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus, producing elevated levels of testosterone 
B) anterior pituitary, producing elevated levels of testosterone 
C) testes, producing elevated levels of estrogen 
D) anterior pituitary, producing elevated levels of gonadotropin-stimulating hormone 
E) testes, producing elevated levels of testosterone 
A) hypothalamus, producing elevated levels of testosterone 
B) anterior pituitary, producing elevated levels of testosterone 
C) testes, producing elevated levels of estrogen 
D) anterior pituitary, producing elevated levels of gonadotropin-stimulating hormone 
E) testes, producing elevated levels of testosterone

Question 20

Ovulation is the follicular response to a burst of secretion of

Accepted Answer

A) LH. 
B) progesterone. 
C) inhibin. 
D) prolactin. 
E) estradiol. 
A) LH. 
B) progesterone. 
C) inhibin. 
D) prolactin. 
E) estradiol.

Exam 46: Animal Reproduction

Testosterone is synthesized primarily by the

Genetic mutations in asexually reproducing organisms lead to more evolutionary change than do genetic mutations in sexually reproducing ones because

The hormone progesterone is produced

Two contraceptive methods that are generally irreversible and that block the gametes from moving to a site where fertilization can occur are

For water fleas of the genus Daphnia,switching from a pattern of asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction coincides with

A vasectomy

For lactation to take place,the synthesis of breast milk and its release from the mammary gland,respectively,are caused by

External chemical signals that coordinate potential reproductive partners are called

Increasing the temperature of the human scrotum by 2°C (i.e.,near the normal body core temperature)and holding it there would

At the end of a nonpregnant ovarian cycle,the breakdown and discharge of the soft uterine tissues is called

A reproductive hormone that is secreted directly from a structure in the brain is

Labour contractions can be increased by the medical use of a synthetic drug that mimics the action of

Tubal ligation

So-called "combination" birth control pills function in contraception by

What would be the most likely result of an inactivating mutation in the progesterone receptor gene?

Among human males,both semen and urine normally travel along the

The primary difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that

A physician finds that a nine-year-old male patient is entering puberty much earlier than is usual.If caused by a tumor,what would be the most likely location?

Ovulation is the follicular response to a burst of secretion of

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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