Question 1

The filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule of the human does not normally include

Accepted Answer

A) ions. 
B) glucose. 
C) plasma proteins. 
D) amino acids. 
E) dissolved gases. 
A) ions. 
B) glucose. 
C) plasma proteins. 
D) amino acids. 
E) dissolved gases.

Question 2

Ammonia

Accepted Answer

A) is soluble in water. 
B) can be stored in the body as a precipitate. 
C) has low toxicity relative to urea. 
D) is metabolically more expensive to synthesize than urea. 
E) is the major nitrogenous waste excreted by insects. 
A) is soluble in water. 
B) can be stored in the body as a precipitate. 
C) has low toxicity relative to urea. 
D) is metabolically more expensive to synthesize than urea. 
E) is the major nitrogenous waste excreted by insects.

Question 3

The osmolarity of human urine

Accepted Answer

A) can be four times as great as normal osmolarity of human plasma. 
B) is always exactly equal to plasma osmolarity. 
C) is always less than plasma osmolarity. 
D) is always greater than plasma osmolarity. 
E) is determined primarily by the concentration of glucose. 
A) can be four times as great as normal osmolarity of human plasma. 
B) is always exactly equal to plasma osmolarity. 
C) is always less than plasma osmolarity. 
D) is always greater than plasma osmolarity. 
E) is determined primarily by the concentration of glucose.

Question 4

Choose a pair that correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal.

Accepted Answer

A) metanephridium-flatworm 
B) Malpighian tubule-frog 
C) kidney-insect 
D) flame bulb-snake 
E) direct cellular exchange-marine invertebrate 
A) metanephridium-flatworm 
B) Malpighian tubule-frog 
C) kidney-insect 
D) flame bulb-snake 
E) direct cellular exchange-marine invertebrate

Question 5

Juxtamedullary nephrons can concentrate salt effectively in the renal medulla because of their long

Accepted Answer

A) loops of Henle. 
B) distal convoluted tubules. 
C) Bowman's capsules. 
D) proximal convoluted tubules. 
E) glomeruli. 
A) loops of Henle. 
B) distal convoluted tubules. 
C) Bowman's capsules. 
D) proximal convoluted tubules. 
E) glomeruli.

Question 6

Within a normally functioning kidney,blood can be found in

Accepted Answer

A) the vasa recta. 
B) Bowman's capsule. 
C) the loop of Henle. 
D) the proximal tubule. 
E) the collecting duct. 
A) the vasa recta. 
B) Bowman's capsule. 
C) the loop of Henle. 
D) the proximal tubule. 
E) the collecting duct.

Question 7

The filtrate in the renal pelvis enters directly from

Accepted Answer

A) the loop of Henle. 
B) the collecting duct. 
C) Bowman's capsule. 
D) the proximal tubule. 
E) the glomerulus. 
A) the loop of Henle. 
B) the collecting duct. 
C) Bowman's capsule. 
D) the proximal tubule. 
E) the glomerulus.

Question 8

Which nitrogenous waste requires hardly any water for its excretion?

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) urea 
C) uric acid 
D) ammonia 
E) nitrogen gas 
A) amino acids 
B) urea 
C) uric acid 
D) ammonia 
E) nitrogen gas

Question 9

Osmoconforming sharks take in water,as needed

Accepted Answer

A) by migrating to freshwater rivers to drink fresh water. 
B) via osmosis, as their body cells are slightly hyperosmotic to sea water. 
C) via active transport of water across the cells on their gills. 
D) by water diffusion from sea water, which is hyperosmotic to the fluids in their cells. 
E) by selective transport of water molecules across the wall of the gut. 
A) by migrating to freshwater rivers to drink fresh water. 
B) via osmosis, as their body cells are slightly hyperosmotic to sea water. 
C) via active transport of water across the cells on their gills. 
D) by water diffusion from sea water, which is hyperosmotic to the fluids in their cells. 
E) by selective transport of water molecules across the wall of the gut.

Question 10

Compared to the sea water around them,most marine invertebrates are

Accepted Answer

A) hyperosmotic. 
B) hypoosmotic. 
C) isoosmotic. 
D) hyperosmotic and isoosmotic. 
E) hypoosmotic and isoosmotic. 
A) hyperosmotic. 
B) hypoosmotic. 
C) isoosmotic. 
D) hyperosmotic and isoosmotic. 
E) hypoosmotic and isoosmotic.

Question 11

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the

Accepted Answer

A) flame bulb system of flatworms. 
B) protonephridia of rotifers. 
C) metanephridia of earthworms. 
D) Malpighian tubules of insects. 
E) kidneys of vertebrates. 
A) flame bulb system of flatworms. 
B) protonephridia of rotifers. 
C) metanephridia of earthworms. 
D) Malpighian tubules of insects. 
E) kidneys of vertebrates.

Question 12

Among the following choices,the most concentrated urine is excreted by

Accepted Answer

A) frogs. 
B) kangaroo rats. 
C) humans. 
D) desert tortoises. 
E) birds. 
A) frogs. 
B) kangaroo rats. 
C) humans. 
D) desert tortoises. 
E) birds.

Question 13

Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in

Accepted Answer

A) flatworms. 
B) earthworms. 
C) insects. 
D) vertebrates. 
E) cnidarians. 
A) flatworms. 
B) earthworms. 
C) insects. 
D) vertebrates. 
E) cnidarians.

Question 14

Among vertebrate animals,urea

Accepted Answer

A) is made in the kidneys and immediately excreted. 
B) is added to the air in the lungs to be exhaled, along with carbon dioxide. 
C) is made in the liver by combining two ammonia molecules with one carbon dioxide. 
D) is made in the pancreas and added to the intestinal contents, along with bile salts, for excretion. 
E) is rarely the nitrogenous waste of choice. 
A) is made in the kidneys and immediately excreted. 
B) is added to the air in the lungs to be exhaled, along with carbon dioxide. 
C) is made in the liver by combining two ammonia molecules with one carbon dioxide. 
D) is made in the pancreas and added to the intestinal contents, along with bile salts, for excretion. 
E) is rarely the nitrogenous waste of choice.

Question 15

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
After a long week,you join a few friends at a local pub to enjoy a meal and have a few beers.After a few hours and several beers,you find yourself to be quite thirsty.
-The hormone responsible for regulating blood osmolarity after ingesting a salty meal is

Accepted Answer

A) ADH. 
B) aldosterone. 
C) ANP. 
D) renin. 
E) angiotensin. 
A) ADH. 
B) aldosterone. 
C) ANP. 
D) renin. 
E) angiotensin.

Question 16

It is wise to drink 2 glasses of water for every 1 alcoholic beverage consumed.This is because

Accepted Answer

A) alcohol can increase the release of aldosterone. 
B) alcohol can disrupt the release of ADH. 
C) alcohol increases the release of ADH. 
D) alcohol disrupts the function of the thalamus. 
E) alcohol disrupts the function of RAAS. 
A) alcohol can increase the release of aldosterone. 
B) alcohol can disrupt the release of ADH. 
C) alcohol increases the release of ADH. 
D) alcohol disrupts the function of the thalamus. 
E) alcohol disrupts the function of RAAS.

Question 17

Use the following structural formulas to identify the following items.
  
-Which of the following is excreted as a paste by land snails,insects,birds,and many reptiles because of its solubility and toxicity properties?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 18

Trauma to the human kidney could result in a urinary filtrate containing an abnormally high level of

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids. 
B) glucose. 
C) salts. 
D) erythrocytes. 
E) vitamins. 
A) fatty acids. 
B) glucose. 
C) salts. 
D) erythrocytes. 
E) vitamins.

Question 19

The primary nitrogenous waste excreted by birds is

Accepted Answer

A) ammonia. 
B) nitrate. 
C) nitrite. 
D) urea. 
E) uric acid. 
A) ammonia. 
B) nitrate. 
C) nitrite. 
D) urea. 
E) uric acid.

Question 20

What is the importance of the loop of Henle dipping into the renal cortex in terrestrial vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A) absorptive processes taking place in the loop of Henle are hormonally regulated 
B) differential permeabilities of ascending and descending limbs of the loop of Henle are important in establishing an osmotic gradient 
C) the loop of Henle plays an important role in detoxification 
D) additional filtration takes place along the loop of Henle 
E) water is reabsorbed in the ascending loop of Henle 
A) absorptive processes taking place in the loop of Henle are hormonally regulated 
B) differential permeabilities of ascending and descending limbs of the loop of Henle are important in establishing an osmotic gradient 
C) the loop of Henle plays an important role in detoxification 
D) additional filtration takes place along the loop of Henle 
E) water is reabsorbed in the ascending loop of Henle

Exam 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion

The filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule of the human does not normally include

Ammonia

The osmolarity of human urine

Choose a pair that correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal.

Juxtamedullary nephrons can concentrate salt effectively in the renal medulla because of their long

Within a normally functioning kidney,blood can be found in

The filtrate in the renal pelvis enters directly from

Which nitrogenous waste requires hardly any water for its excretion?

Osmoconforming sharks take in water,as needed

Compared to the sea water around them,most marine invertebrates are

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the

Among the following choices,the most concentrated urine is excreted by

Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in

Among vertebrate animals,urea

It is wise to drink 2 glasses of water for every 1 alcoholic beverage consumed.This is because

Use the following structural formulas to identify the following items. -Which of the following is excreted as a paste by land snails,insects,birds,and many reptiles because of its solubility and toxicity properties?

Trauma to the human kidney could result in a urinary filtrate containing an abnormally high level of

The primary nitrogenous waste excreted by birds is

What is the importance of the loop of Henle dipping into the renal cortex in terrestrial vertebrates?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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