Question 1

Animals with a complex body plan can maintain homeostasis in a changing environment by using all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) sensory organs that provide information about the animal's environment. 
B) internal digestive organs that break down food gradually. 
C) an external skeleton that provides protection against predators. 
D) a gastrovascular cavity that opens directly to the external environment. 
E) filtration system that can change the composition of the interstitial and circulatory fluid. 
A) sensory organs that provide information about the animal's environment. 
B) internal digestive organs that break down food gradually. 
C) an external skeleton that provides protection against predators. 
D) a gastrovascular cavity that opens directly to the external environment. 
E) filtration system that can change the composition of the interstitial and circulatory fluid.

Question 2

All skeletal muscle fibres are both

Accepted Answer

A) smooth and under involuntary control. 
B) smooth and operate independently of other skeletal muscle fibres. 
C) striated and under voluntary control. 
D) smooth and under voluntary control. 
E) striated and electrically coupled to neighbouring fibres. 
A) smooth and under involuntary control. 
B) smooth and operate independently of other skeletal muscle fibres. 
C) striated and under voluntary control. 
D) smooth and under voluntary control. 
E) striated and electrically coupled to neighbouring fibres.

Question 3

You are looking through a microscope at a slide of animal tissue and see a single layer of flat,closely packed cells that cover a surface.What tissue are you most likely looking at?

Accepted Answer

A) adipose 
B) connective 
C) epithelial 
D) muscle 
E) nervous 
A) adipose 
B) connective 
C) epithelial 
D) muscle 
E) nervous

Question 4

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
It is wintertime and your pet lizard has somehow escaped into the backyard.After much searching,you find him basking on a rock in the sun trying to keep warm.
-To conserve heat,it is likely that

Accepted Answer

A) blood vessels in the extremities are dilated. 
B) blood pressure has decreased in the extremities. 
C) blood vessels in the extremities are constricted. 
D) the lizard will utilize countercurrent exchange. 
E) the lizard will become a temperature conformer. 
A) blood vessels in the extremities are dilated. 
B) blood pressure has decreased in the extremities. 
C) blood vessels in the extremities are constricted. 
D) the lizard will utilize countercurrent exchange. 
E) the lizard will become a temperature conformer.

Question 5

The similar fusiform body shape of diverse animals,such as sharks,penguins,and aquatic mammals,has evolved because

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection typically has no limits when different organisms face the same challenge. 
B) respiration through gills is enhanced by having a fusiform shape. 
C) this is the body shape that makes it possible for aquatic animals to swim rapidly. 
D) the fusiform shape is coded by the same genes in all three types of aquatic animals. 
E) all three types evolved from the same ancestral form, which flew in air rather than swam in water. 
A) natural selection typically has no limits when different organisms face the same challenge. 
B) respiration through gills is enhanced by having a fusiform shape. 
C) this is the body shape that makes it possible for aquatic animals to swim rapidly. 
D) the fusiform shape is coded by the same genes in all three types of aquatic animals. 
E) all three types evolved from the same ancestral form, which flew in air rather than swam in water.

Question 6

Animals that are endothermic are likely to be at the greatest disadvantage in which environment?

Accepted Answer

A) very cold environments 
B) very hot environments 
C) environments with a constant food source 
D) environments with variable and limited food sources 
E) environments with changing temperatures 
A) very cold environments 
B) very hot environments 
C) environments with a constant food source 
D) environments with variable and limited food sources 
E) environments with changing temperatures

Question 7

Of the following choices,the epithelium with the shortest diffusion distance is

Accepted Answer

A) simple squamous epithelium. 
B) simple cuboidal epithelium. 
C) simple columnar epithelium. 
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. 
E) stratified squamous epithelium. 
A) simple squamous epithelium. 
B) simple cuboidal epithelium. 
C) simple columnar epithelium. 
D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. 
E) stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

Accepted Answer

A) During birthing contractions, oxytocin (a hormone)is released and acts to stimulate further contractions. 
B) When a baby is nursing, suckling leads to the production of more milk and a subsequent increase in the secretion of prolactin (a hormone that stimulates lactation). 
C) After a blood vessel is damaged, signals are released by the damaged tissues that activate platelets in the blood. These activated platelets release chemicals that activate more platelets. 
D) When the body temperature exceeds 37◦C the brain signals the release of sweat to cause evaporative cooling. 
E) When a neuron is about to transmit an impulse, opening of voltage-gated ion channels results in the opening of more channels. 
A) During birthing contractions, oxytocin (a hormone)is released and acts to stimulate further contractions. 
B) When a baby is nursing, suckling leads to the production of more milk and a subsequent increase in the secretion of prolactin (a hormone that stimulates lactation). 
C) After a blood vessel is damaged, signals are released by the damaged tissues that activate platelets in the blood. These activated platelets release chemicals that activate more platelets. 
D) When the body temperature exceeds 37◦C the brain signals the release of sweat to cause evaporative cooling. 
E) When a neuron is about to transmit an impulse, opening of voltage-gated ion channels results in the opening of more channels.

Question 9

Catabolism of specialized brown fat depots in certain animals is substantially increased during

Accepted Answer

A) acclimatization. 
B) torpor. 
C) evaporative cooling. 
D) nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E) shivering thermogenesis. 
A) acclimatization. 
B) torpor. 
C) evaporative cooling. 
D) nonshivering thermogenesis. 
E) shivering thermogenesis.

Question 10

The panting responses that are observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipates excess heat by

Accepted Answer

A) countercurrent exchange. 
B) acclimation. 
C) vasoconstriction. 
D) hibernation. 
E) evaporation. 
A) countercurrent exchange. 
B) acclimation. 
C) vasoconstriction. 
D) hibernation. 
E) evaporation.

Question 11

Muscles are joined to bones by

Accepted Answer

A) ligaments. 
B) tendons. 
C) loose connective tissue. 
D) Haversian systems. 
E) spindle fibres. 
A) ligaments. 
B) tendons. 
C) loose connective tissue. 
D) Haversian systems. 
E) spindle fibres.

Question 12

A researcher is setting up an experiment to measure basal metabolic rate in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster-a small rodent).Which of the following would be the best set of conditions for the voles immediately before and during the measurement?

Accepted Answer

A) House the animals in a cage with plenty of food and water to avoid stress; conduct measurements in a warmer room than the room where housed. 
B) House the animals in a cage with plenty of food and water to avoid stress; conduct measurements in a room the same temperature as the room where housed. 
C) House the animals in a cage with no food for a few hours before measurement; conduct measurements in a colder room than the room where housed, while the voles are being exercised. 
D) House the animals in a cage with no food for a few hours before measurement; conduct measurements in a room the same temperature as the room where housed. 
E) House the animals in a cage with no food for a few hours before measurement; conduct measurements in a room the same temperature while the voles are being exercised. 
A) House the animals in a cage with plenty of food and water to avoid stress; conduct measurements in a warmer room than the room where housed. 
B) House the animals in a cage with plenty of food and water to avoid stress; conduct measurements in a room the same temperature as the room where housed. 
C) House the animals in a cage with no food for a few hours before measurement; conduct measurements in a colder room than the room where housed, while the voles are being exercised. 
D) House the animals in a cage with no food for a few hours before measurement; conduct measurements in a room the same temperature as the room where housed. 
E) House the animals in a cage with no food for a few hours before measurement; conduct measurements in a room the same temperature while the voles are being exercised.

Question 13

"Winter acclimatization" in cold-zone mammals can include

Accepted Answer

A) the production of antifreeze compounds within cells. 
B) the production of enzymes that have lower temperature optima. 
C) hibernation for several weeks. 
D) changing the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fats in cell membranes. 
E) the denaturation of proteins that cannot withstand extreme temperature. 
A) the production of antifreeze compounds within cells. 
B) the production of enzymes that have lower temperature optima. 
C) hibernation for several weeks. 
D) changing the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fats in cell membranes. 
E) the denaturation of proteins that cannot withstand extreme temperature.

Question 14

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when

Accepted Answer

A) the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 45°C. 
B) the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise. 
C) a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water. 
D) the blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood volume. 
E) the level of glucose in the blood is abnormally high whether or not a meal has been eaten. 
A) the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 45°C. 
B) the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise. 
C) a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water. 
D) the blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood volume. 
E) the level of glucose in the blood is abnormally high whether or not a meal has been eaten.

Question 15

Which of the following statements pertaining to the relationship between body size and metabolic rate are true?

Accepted Answer

A) Large ectotherms have a lower metabolic rate than small ectotherms. 
B) There is a positive relationship between metabolic rate and body size. 
C) Large endotherms have a higher metabolic rate than smaller endotherms. 
D) Small ectotherms have a higher metabolic rate than small endotherms. 
E) The BMR of a 200 gram ectotherm is higher than the BMR of a 200 gram endotherm. 
A) Large ectotherms have a lower metabolic rate than small ectotherms. 
B) There is a positive relationship between metabolic rate and body size. 
C) Large endotherms have a higher metabolic rate than smaller endotherms. 
D) Small ectotherms have a higher metabolic rate than small endotherms. 
E) The BMR of a 200 gram ectotherm is higher than the BMR of a 200 gram endotherm.

Question 16

Connective tissues typically have

Accepted Answer

A) many densely packed cells with direct connections between the membranes of adjacent cells. 
B) a supporting material such as chondroitin sulphate. 
C) the ability to shorten upon stimulation. 
D) relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. 
E) the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses. 
A) many densely packed cells with direct connections between the membranes of adjacent cells. 
B) a supporting material such as chondroitin sulphate. 
C) the ability to shorten upon stimulation. 
D) relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. 
E) the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses.

Question 17

To increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces lining the lungs and the intestines,evolutionary pressures have

Accepted Answer

A) increased the exchange surface area with folds and branches. 
B) increased the thickness of the membranes in these linings. 
C) increased the number of cell layers in these linings. 
D) decreased the metabolic rate of the cells in these linings. 
E) increased the volume of the cells in these linings. 
A) increased the exchange surface area with folds and branches. 
B) increased the thickness of the membranes in these linings. 
C) increased the number of cell layers in these linings. 
D) decreased the metabolic rate of the cells in these linings. 
E) increased the volume of the cells in these linings.

Question 18

A matrix of connective tissue is apparent in

Accepted Answer

A) chondroitin sulphate of cartilage. 
B) actin and myosin of muscle. 
C) the axon of a neuron. 
D) nervous tissues. 
E) spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells. 
A) chondroitin sulphate of cartilage. 
B) actin and myosin of muscle. 
C) the axon of a neuron. 
D) nervous tissues. 
E) spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells.

Question 19

An elephant and a mouse are running in full sunlight,and both overheat by the same amount above their normal body temperatures.When they move into the shade and rest,which animal will cool down faster?

Accepted Answer

A) The elephant will because it has the higher surface-area-to-volume ratio. 
B) The elephant will because it has the lower surface-area-to-volume ratio. 
C) The mouse will because it has the higher surface-area-to-volume ratio. 
D) They will cool at the same rate because they overheated by the same amount. 
E) They will cool at the same rate because they have the same adaptive structures. 
A) The elephant will because it has the higher surface-area-to-volume ratio. 
B) The elephant will because it has the lower surface-area-to-volume ratio. 
C) The mouse will because it has the higher surface-area-to-volume ratio. 
D) They will cool at the same rate because they overheated by the same amount. 
E) They will cool at the same rate because they have the same adaptive structures.

Question 20

Sweating allows a person to lose heat through which process?

Accepted Answer

A) conduction 
B) convection 
C) radiation 
D) evaporation 
E) acclimatization 
A) conduction 
B) convection 
C) radiation 
D) evaporation 
E) acclimatization

Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animals with a complex body plan can maintain homeostasis in a changing environment by using all of the following except

All skeletal muscle fibres are both

You are looking through a microscope at a slide of animal tissue and see a single layer of flat,closely packed cells that cover a surface.What tissue are you most likely looking at?

Use the following information to answer the next few questions. It is wintertime and your pet lizard has somehow escaped into the backyard.After much searching,you find him basking on a rock in the sun trying to keep warm. -To conserve heat,it is likely that

The similar fusiform body shape of diverse animals,such as sharks,penguins,and aquatic mammals,has evolved because

Animals that are endothermic are likely to be at the greatest disadvantage in which environment?

Of the following choices,the epithelium with the shortest diffusion distance is

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

Catabolism of specialized brown fat depots in certain animals is substantially increased during

The panting responses that are observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipates excess heat by

Muscles are joined to bones by

A researcher is setting up an experiment to measure basal metabolic rate in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster-a small rodent).Which of the following would be the best set of conditions for the voles immediately before and during the measurement?

"Winter acclimatization" in cold-zone mammals can include

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when

Which of the following statements pertaining to the relationship between body size and metabolic rate are true?

Connective tissues typically have

To increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces lining the lungs and the intestines,evolutionary pressures have

A matrix of connective tissue is apparent in

An elephant and a mouse are running in full sunlight,and both overheat by the same amount above their normal body temperatures.When they move into the shade and rest,which animal will cool down faster?

Sweating allows a person to lose heat through which process?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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