Question 1

What does the term insoluble fibre refer to on food packages?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  polypeptides 
C)  starch 
D)  amylopectin 
A)  cellulose 
B)  polypeptides 
C)  starch 
D)  amylopectin A

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Denaturation leads to bond disruption, and the molecule turns into liquid. 
B)  Denaturation is always irreversible. 
C)  Final folded structure can reveal the steps of protein folding. 
D)  Some proteins form a complete 3-D structure only when they interact with their targets. 
A)  Denaturation leads to bond disruption, and the molecule turns into liquid. 
B)  Denaturation is always irreversible. 
C)  Final folded structure can reveal the steps of protein folding. 
D)  Some proteins form a complete 3-D structure only when they interact with their targets. D

Question 3

What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  The long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule. 
B)  The presence of a central C atom. 
C)  The components of the R group. 
D)  The glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of the amino acid. 
A)  The long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule. 
B)  The presence of a central C atom. 
C)  The components of the R group. 
D)  The glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of the amino acid. C

Question 4

The difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of carbon atoms 
B)  the position of the hydroxyl groups 
C)  the position of the carbonyl group 
D)  the ring form and the linear chain 
A)  the number of carbon atoms 
B)  the position of the hydroxyl groups 
C)  the position of the carbonyl group 
D)  the ring form and the linear chain

Question 5

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)  a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group 
B)  a nitrogenous base and a sugar 
C)  a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar 
D)  a sugar and a purine or pyrimidine 
A)  a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group 
B)  a nitrogenous base and a sugar 
C)  a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar 
D)  a sugar and a purine or pyrimidine

Question 6

What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The types of monosaccharide subunits in the molecules. 
B)  The type of glycosidic linkages in the molecule. 
C)  Whether glucose is in the α or β form. 
D)  The amount of branching that occurs in the molecule. 
A)  The types of monosaccharide subunits in the molecules. 
B)  The type of glycosidic linkages in the molecule. 
C)  Whether glucose is in the α or β form. 
D)  The amount of branching that occurs in the molecule.

Question 7

-Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  8 
D)  9 
A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  8 
D)  9

Question 8

The molecule illustrated in the figure ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is a saturated fatty acid 
B)  stores genetic information 
C)  will be liquid at room temperature 
D)  is a carbohydrate 
A)  is a saturated fatty acid 
B)  stores genetic information 
C)  will be liquid at room temperature 
D)  is a carbohydrate

Question 9

Which of the following is a major difference between RNA and DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  type of sugar 
B)  type of phosphate 
C)  type of purines 
D)  type of glycosidic bond 
A)  type of sugar 
B)  type of phosphate 
C)  type of purines 
D)  type of glycosidic bond

Question 10

The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  C18H36O18 
B)  C18H32O16 
C)  C6H10O5 
D)  C18H30O15 
A)  C18H36O18 
B)  C18H32O16 
C)  C6H10O5 
D)  C18H30O15

Question 11

What makes lipids/fats hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their long carbon skeleton. 
B)  The carboxyl group at one end of the molecule. 
C)  The glycerol moiety. 
D)  The presence of relatively nonpolar C-H bonds. 
A)  Their long carbon skeleton. 
B)  The carboxyl group at one end of the molecule. 
C)  The glycerol moiety. 
D)  The presence of relatively nonpolar C-H bonds.

Question 12

Which of the following best summarises the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart. 
B)  Dehydration reactions eliminate water from membranes; hydrolysis reactions add water to membranes. 
C)  Dehydration reactions and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers from monomers. 
D)  Hydrolysis reactions create polymers, and dehydration reactions create monomers. 
A)  Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart. 
B)  Dehydration reactions eliminate water from membranes; hydrolysis reactions add water to membranes. 
C)  Dehydration reactions and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers from monomers. 
D)  Hydrolysis reactions create polymers, and dehydration reactions create monomers.

Question 13

"The native structure of h[a]emoglobin (Hb) comprises of two α and two β subunits, each of which carries a h[a]eme group. There appear to be no previous studies that report the in-vitro folding and assembly of Hb from highly unfolded α and β globin in a 'one-pot' reaction. One difficulty that has to be overcome for studies of this kind is the tendency of Hb to aggregate during refolding. This work demonstrates that denaturation of Hb in 40% acetonitrile at pH 10.0 is reversible." (J Am Soc Mass Spectrum 2007, 18, 8-16)
-Haemoglobin, when subjected to 40% acetonitrile at pH 10.0, loses its quaternary structure, which means the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  four α and β polypeptides dissociate 
B)  peptide bonds between amino acids break 
C)  α and β polypeptides lose their 3-D structure 
D)  four α and β polypeptides dissociate, peptide bonds between amino acids, and α and β polypeptides lose their 3-D structure 
A)  four α and β polypeptides dissociate 
B)  peptide bonds between amino acids break 
C)  α and β polypeptides lose their 3-D structure 
D)  four α and β polypeptides dissociate, peptide bonds between amino acids, and α and β polypeptides lose their 3-D structure

Question 14

-Which of the following pairs of molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond in a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 and 3 
B)  7 and 8 
C)  8 and 9 
D)  12 and 13 
A)  2 and 3 
B)  7 and 8 
C)  8 and 9 
D)  12 and 13

Question 15

Cooking oil and petrol (a hydrocarbon) are not amphipathic molecules because they ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  do not have a polar or charged region 
B)  do not have a nonpolar region 
C)  have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions 
D)  are highly reduced molecules 
A)  do not have a polar or charged region 
B)  do not have a nonpolar region 
C)  have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions 
D)  are highly reduced molecules

Question 16

The molecule shown is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a hexose 
B)  a pentose 
C)  fructose 
D)  maltose 
A)  a hexose 
B)  a pentose 
C)  fructose 
D)  maltose

Question 17

In an RNA sample, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of thiamine may or may not equal the number of adenine 
B)  the number of purine always equals the number of pyrimidine 
C)  the number of thiamine always equals the number of uracil 
D)  the number of purine may or may not equal the number of and pyrimidine 
A)  the number of thiamine may or may not equal the number of adenine 
B)  the number of purine always equals the number of pyrimidine 
C)  the number of thiamine always equals the number of uracil 
D)  the number of purine may or may not equal the number of and pyrimidine

Question 18

Homo sapiens have 23 pairs of chromosomes. This implies that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  46 double-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
B)  23 single-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
C)  23 double-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
D)  several hundreds of genes are present on DNA but not on the chromosomes 
A)  46 double-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
B)  23 single-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
C)  23 double-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
D)  several hundreds of genes are present on DNA but not on the chromosomes

Question 19

Absorbance at Various pH Levels
 
The table represents the results of an experiment where the effects of pH buffers on an enzyme found in saliva (amylase) were studied. A spectrophotometer set at 500 nm was used to measure absorbance at the various pH levels every 20 seconds for 2 minutes. The higher absorbance values would indicate greater enzyme activity. All experiments were conducted at the same temperature.
Which statement correctly identifies the result that the optimum pH for amylase function is 7?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pH with the lowest absorbance values would indicate the optimum pH for amylase since this pH does not affect the structure or function of the protein. 
B)  The pH with the highest absorbance values would indicate the optimum pH for amylase since this pH does not affect the structure or function of the protein. 
C)  At pH 9, the enzyme is denatured and will lose its function, but not its structure. 
D)  At pH 4, the structure of the enzyme will be altered, and the enzyme would not be able to catalyse the reaction. 
A)  The pH with the lowest absorbance values would indicate the optimum pH for amylase since this pH does not affect the structure or function of the protein. 
B)  The pH with the highest absorbance values would indicate the optimum pH for amylase since this pH does not affect the structure or function of the protein. 
C)  At pH 9, the enzyme is denatured and will lose its function, but not its structure. 
D)  At pH 4, the structure of the enzyme will be altered, and the enzyme would not be able to catalyse the reaction.

Question 20

In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant haemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibres. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell haemoglobin exhibits ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only altered primary structure 
B)  only altered tertiary structure 
C)  only altered quaternary structure 
D)  altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered 
A)  only altered primary structure 
B)  only altered tertiary structure 
C)  only altered quaternary structure 
D)  altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered

Exam 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

What does the term insoluble fibre refer to on food packages?

Which of the following statements is true about proteins?

What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?

The difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar is ________.

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen?

-Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid?

The molecule illustrated in the figure ________.

Which of the following is a major difference between RNA and DNA?

The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

What makes lipids/fats hydrophobic?

Which of the following best summarises the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

-Which of the following pairs of molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond in a dehydration reaction?

Cooking oil and petrol (a hydrocarbon) are not amphipathic molecules because they ________.

The molecule shown is ________.

In an RNA sample, ________.

Homo sapiens have 23 pairs of chromosomes. This implies that ________.

In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant haemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibres. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell haemoglobin exhibits ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonised Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

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